• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2021

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) yoking authentication provides methods scanning a pair of RFID tags with a reader device and verifying them to ensure the physical proximity of objects. In the first yoking proof protocols, a verifier connected to a reader device online is essential to verify the yoking proof, and this condition limits the environment in which yoking proof can be applied. To solve this limitation, several studies have been conducted on offline yoking proof protocol that does not require the online connection between a reader and a verifier. However, the offline yoking proof protocols do not guarantee the basic requirements of yoking proof, and require relatively more operations on the tag compared to the previous yoking proof protocols. This paper proposes an efficient offline yoking proof protocol that supports offline verification without the need for an online verifier. The proposed protocol provides a secure yoking proof with fewer number of operations than the existing ones, and it also can be extended to the group proof for more than a pair of tags without additional devices. The analysis in this paper shows that the proposed protocol provides offline verification securely and effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.23-36
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• 2010

Signcryption is a cryptographic primitive which offers authentication and confidentiality simultaneously with a cost lower than signing and encrypting the message independently. We propose a new cryptographic notion called Identity-based online/offline signcryption. The notion of online/offline scheme can be divided into two phases, the first phase is performed offline prior to the arrival of a message to be signed or encrypted and the second phase is performed online phase after knowing the message and the public key of recipient. The Online phase does not require any heavy computations such as pairings or exponents. It is particularly suitable for power-constrained devices such as smart cards. In this paper, we propose ID-based signcryption scheme and ID-based online/offline signcryption scheme where the confidentiality and authenticity are simultaneously required to enable a secure and trustable communication environment. To our best knowledge, this is the first ID-based online/offline signcryption scheme that can be proven secure in the standard model.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

Purpose: During COVID-19, consumers prefer social distancing or contactless activities for safety, and hygienic condition has become one of the most important factors in evaluating restaurants. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether offline/online word-of-mouth is affected by restaurant quality. Research design, data and methodology: The data were collected from 480 consumers who had experiences of visiting a restaurant in the past 90 days and analyzed with SPSS 28.0 and SmartPLS 4.0 programs. Results: Physical environment and menu had positively significant effects on brand love, while employee service and hygiene had no significance on brand love. Restaurant environment, menu, and hygiene had negatively significant effects on brand hate, but employee service had not significant impact on brand hate. Brand love had positively significant effects on offline and online word-of-mouth, and brand hate had negatively significant effects on offline and online word-of-mouth. Conclusions: First, restaurants need to develop a pleasant space where customers can have emotional experiences. Second, restaurants need to fulfill customers' desire for global food consumption. Third, restaurants should ensure hygiene and safety to prevent customers' brand hate. Lastly, restaurants need to establish offline/online word-of-mouth strategy to identify which restaurant quality attributes influence brand love/hate and offline/online word-of-mouth.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.460-470
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• 2022

Customized cosmetics are emerging as a consumer product that companies should pay attention to in the beauty industry due to the combination of market trends and institutional introduction of customized cosmetics. In this study, six offline service brands and online service brands currently in Korea were selected to understand the current status of domestic customized cosmetics online and offline services and to derive detailed characteristics, and the cases of each brand were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, customized cosmetics services could be classified online and offline. Second, customized cosmetics brands could be divided into general brand types and brand extension types. Third, skin data measurements could be classified into genetic analysis, big data-based surveys, and device measurements. Fourth, customized cosmetics manufacturing could be classified into a device manufacturing system, a consultant manufacturing system, and an individual production process system. Fifth, customized cosmetics distribution and delivery could be classified into same-day sales, general delivery, and regular delivery. The results of this study are meaningful in that they have identified and analyzed the current status of personalized cosmetics on-line and offline systems in recent trends, and it was confirmed that creative attempts in the domestic customized cosmetics market continue to change. It is hoped that this study will provide information and ideas to the beauty industry and related experts in the future and be used as basic data for customized cosmetics marketing

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

In this paper, we designed a platform-based $ERP^+$ system, which integrates ERP system and SCM system. With platform-based technology we can connect online and offline platforms, enterprise management systems, and government systems. In our research, first we examined the problems of the existing ERP systems, and second we discussed all basic tasks of our $ERP^+$ system. We also designed several modules for this platform-based system and system network. Our results showed that a platform-based $ERP^+$ system can effectively manage the information and the human/material resources, by using O2O (online to offline) technic. Even different systems can be integrated effectively. It can reduce the costs of enterprise management activities, enhance the enterprise competitiveness.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.310-322
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• 2020

This study investigated the classification and characteristics of augmented reality (AR) content of fashion brands. The AR contents of fashion brands were classified according to user participation space and content delivery method. Based on these types, eight case studies were conducted, along with a discussion of AR characteristics in terms of presence, interactivity, and immersion. The results showed that AR content could be divided into four types: offline visit-external information type, offline visit-internal experience type, online utilization-external information type, and online utilization-internal experience type. It was also found that there were differences in characteristics for each type of AR content. First, the offline visit-external information type requires various new content that can provide entertainment immersion to users. Second, the offline visit-internal experience type requires a powerful inducement for users to visit a specific space providing AR content and to participate in augmented environments. Third, the online utilization-external information type needs a series of AR content that can consistently incite users' curiosity about brands and products. Fourth, the online utilization-internal experience type needs effective content to improve users' shopping experience with the virtual fitting of fashion accessories, such as eyewear, hats, jewelry, and watches. Accordingly, fashion companies should create contents that can provide appropriate presence, interactivity, and immersion by AR type.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.45-64
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• 2016

As the digital retail environement becomes prevalent, consumers are given greater opportunities to make purchases across physical and digital boundaries. Prior research emphasizes that the attractiveness of the digital or online channel is relatively determined by spatial specifics of physical locations. The overall market trend combined with prior research suggests that understanding spatial specifics becomes a key to managing both offline and online sales performance together. In this study, we focus on geographic variation in sales performance through offline and online channels and aim to investigate the channel-level sales difference between central and subsidiary areas. To this end, we obtain sales data of skincare and makeup products from a leading cosmetic company. Next, we examine spatial autocorrelations in data and then employ the spatial error models to study the effects of spatial specifics. The empirical findings are as follows. First, there are significant differences in category-specific and channel-level sales between central and subsidiary areas. Second, Moran's I statistics demonstrate the spatial autocorrelations of each variable. Third, spatial error models outperform simple regression models with lower AIC values. Finally, spatial specifics play a greater role in understanding online sales in subsidiary areas whereas they exert greater influence on offline sales in central areas. We believe our study advances the related theory and knowledge of multi-channel retailing and also contributes practically to location-dependent multi-channel strategies and sales data analytics.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.203-213
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• 2015

Recently, online grocery shopping has been increasing with the development of internet, mobile, and IT technology due to the proportion of consumers changes like increasing single households and double-income couples. Therefore, online sales from distributors with offline stores have also increased, and the offline retailers are facing their limits in dealing with store-based online channel they have carried out. Domestic offline retailers benchmarked overseas advanced retailers to solve this problem by reviewing about developing the online-only distribution center. However, much investment is needed in order to operate the distribution center with the new concept from abroad. In this study, we have reviewed the current online grocery market trend and the theory related to developing distribution system of the online mall. For offline retailers, we have reviewed the case which developed the distribution center applied to the nation's first online-only distribution center. The purpose of this study is reducing trial and error for local retailers in developing online-only distribution centers and suggesting ways to improve investment effect.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.215-236
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• 2020

Purpose/Design The purpose of this study is summarized as follows. First, we want to derive the quality dimension of the delivery app services based on the experience of the users of the delivery app. Second, we would like to identify the continuous intention to use, taking into account the integrated nature of online and offline quality. Third, the online and offline quality factors of the delivery app services shall be checked in an exploratory manner to see how they affect perceived value, satisfaction, and continuous intention to use. In order to demonstrate the purpose of this study, a self-report survey was conducted in which respondents directly responded. A questionnaire of 295 people was identified as a valid sample and used for the final analysis. Findings The summary of the hypothesis test results is as follows. First, the system quality among the online characteristics does not have a significant impact on both perceived values and user satisfaction. Second, the hypothesis that information quality affects satisfaction and perceived value was adopted. Third, the service quality was shown to be a significant factor affecting perceived value and satisfaction. Fourth, the delivery quality among offline characteristics was found to have no significant effect on perceived value and satisfaction. Fifth, the hypothesis test of commodity quality showed that both perceived value and satisfaction had a significant impact. Sixth, satisfaction in the delivery app service showed a positive effect on the continuous intention to use.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2018

This study examined the psychological process in which Facebook access motivation impact upon offline interpersonal relationship change and continuance usage intention of Facebook, A questionnaire was administered to 420 college students in the Busan, and Gyeongnam provinces This research resulted in a number of key findings: First, Facebook access motivation of maintenance of social connection had a positive influence on offline interpersonal relationship change. Second, Facebook access motivation of social pressure from others had a positive influences on offline interpersonal relationship change. Third, Facebook access motivation of habitual use had a positive influences on continuance usage intention of Facebook, Fourth, Offline interpersonal relationship change mediates between Facebook access motivation of maintenance of social connection & Facebook access motivation of social pressure from others and continuance usage intention of Facebook, This study reveals that, Facebook access motivation of maintenance of social connection and Facebook access motivation of social pressure from others were a significant predictors of offline interpersonal relationship change, and Facebook access motivation of maintenance of social connection and Facebook access motivation of social pressure from others indirectly affected continuance usage intention of Facebook through the offline interpersonal relationship change.