• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.147-153
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to suggest the value and type of online and offline linked advertisement, which is a new advertisement type that emerged with the advent of the 4th industrial revolution. In this study, based on literature research, we understood the marketing method that evolves from "4P (product, price, place, promotion)" to "4C (co-creation, community, conversation, currency)" and extracted derive 4C elements. Based on this, we analyzed what elements of 4C showed online and offline connectivity through the investigation of on and offline linked advertisements. Through the analysis results, online and offline linked advertisements were classified into 4 types and 14 detailed types according to how they were connected to the number of 4C elements. In this paper, as a final result, we verified that 4C elements of marketing that appeared in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution are represented in advertisements and suggested the typology of advertisements accordingly. This study is expected to contribute to providing new insights to advertisers and researchers who produce and study online and offline advertisements.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2021

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) yoking authentication provides methods scanning a pair of RFID tags with a reader device and verifying them to ensure the physical proximity of objects. In the first yoking proof protocols, a verifier connected to a reader device online is essential to verify the yoking proof, and this condition limits the environment in which yoking proof can be applied. To solve this limitation, several studies have been conducted on offline yoking proof protocol that does not require the online connection between a reader and a verifier. However, the offline yoking proof protocols do not guarantee the basic requirements of yoking proof, and require relatively more operations on the tag compared to the previous yoking proof protocols. This paper proposes an efficient offline yoking proof protocol that supports offline verification without the need for an online verifier. The proposed protocol provides a secure yoking proof with fewer number of operations than the existing ones, and it also can be extended to the group proof for more than a pair of tags without additional devices. The analysis in this paper shows that the proposed protocol provides offline verification securely and effectively.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.656-674
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to reveal and compare the differences in the types and characteristics of purchase channel journeys of MZ generation consumers. In this study a survey was conducted on the purchase channel journey of 20 women in the MZ generation using the ethnographic method of in-depth interviews and observations. As a result, three purchase channel journeys were identified: mobile, multi-channel, and offline. These were variously subdivided according to the characteristics of the MZ generations. Gen Z's journey was categorized into types: fashion platform app, Youtube, multi-channel supplement, multi-channel non-planned store visit, offline loyalty store, and impulsive offline store. Gen M's journey was categorized as: an online community bond, portal site, online loyalty store, multi-channel brand involvement, multi-channel efficiency, a multi-channel conversion, offline efficiency and offline task. The difference in mobile journey between generations was found in the time and length of the purchase. Gen M recognized both online and offline search processes to be tiring, while Gen Z enjoyed the search process using the online path. In the offline journey Gen Z began with their own intention to purchase, while Gen M sometimes recognized that purchasing fashion products necessary for work was a cumbersome task.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2006

This is a basic research aimed at enhancing a brand image by unifying color images of a brand at both online and offline stores. h survey was conducted on color images of online and offline stores to measure the level of consistency between consumers' perception of the color image and the brand's color strategy. A brand preference survey was also performed to shed light on the relationship between the brand preference and the consistency of color images at online and offline stores. This study is committed to building an effective color strategy, based on the brand strategy, through web color planning that is consistent with the offline color image. This paper started with a specific purpose of devising solutions in regard to the prior study, entitled 'Study on Color Strategies in Brand Coffee', which recognizes the need for consistent color images, or integrated color strategies, in online and offline stores. I specifically took the approach of looking at color planning in the stage of designing a website. Two standards were used to analyze emotional and functional aspects of color images: color grading by I.R.I and five communicators of color information by Rouge. Direct visits were made to the offline stores for surveys to address the shortcomings of the prior study, in which offline stimuli were limited to printed materials. The direct visits enabled a study of an overall color image of the offline stores, while providing a set of substantial and specific guidelines for designing colors for a website. I hope this study goes a long way toward enhancing the level of consistency between online and offline color images based on the brand's unique color strategy, and thereby improving the overall level of brand image.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.117-139
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• 2010

Online games are not only tools for enjoyment, they are also the linking pins connecting between the online and the offline worlds. The effects affecting other domains can be termed 'spillover'. With the process behaving as forward and reverse spillovers, there are interaction effects on online and offline behavior. However, there is little research dealing with the spillover effects from the offline to the online domain. This study concentrates on the individual behavior of online garners centering on offline dependence. With the purpose of finding the factors affecting both flow and immersion, I am interested in the moderator effect of offline dependence influencing both flow and immersion from social interaction. A research model is developed and a survey research is conducted from one of universities in Korea. The results show that flow is strongly influenced by skills, challenge, and social interaction, but immersion is only influenced by skills and social interaction and not challenge. The findings reveal that the moderating effect of offline dependence affects only the relationship from social interaction to the immersion on the lower offline dependence group.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.472-492
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary science teachers' PCK components and subcomponents that are specific to online and offline learning environment. Data collection consisted of survey, class observation, and individual interviews of twelve science teachers. This study used a theoretical framework of PCK for deductive data analysis and articulated codes and themes through the following inductive analysis. Data analysis revealed that each of PCK components showed different specificity to the online and offline learning environment. And subcomponents of each PCK component were different according to the specificity of the online and offline learning environment. Teaching orientation toward science had a specific orientation for the online learning environment, i.e., 'learning science concept' and 'lecture centered instruction.' Knowledge of the science curriculum had online-offline mixed learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'reorganization of curriculum' and online learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'development of learning goal' and 'science curricular materials.' Knowledge of science teaching strategies had online learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'topic-specific strategy', 'subject-specific strategy', and 'interaction strategy' and COVID-19 offline learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'topic-specific strategy' and 'interaction strategy'. Knowledge of student science understanding had online learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., 'student preconception', 'student learning difficulty', 'student motivation and interest', and 'student diversity' and COVID-19 offline learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., student learning difficulty'. Knowledge of science assessment had online-offline mixed learning environment specific knowledge and online learning environment specific knowledge, i.e., assessment contents and assessment methods for each.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

This paper suggests that the relationship between store images and store loyalty is moderated by store-type (online vs. offline). Data was collected from 341 online panel survey on four online stores and four offline stores. Regression analysis with interaction terms demonstrates that assortment and service among image attributes interact with store-type. Specifically, assortment is more important for offline store loyalty where as service is more important for online store loyalty. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and offer directions for future research.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1567-1576
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• 2015

Offline inductance identification of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is essential for the design of the closed-loop controller and position observer in sensorless vector controlled drives. On the base of the offline inductance identification method combining direct current (DC) offset and high frequency (HF) voltage injection which is fulfilled at standstill, this paper investigates the inverter nonlinearity effects on the inductance identification while considering harmonics in the induced HF current. The negative effects on d-q axis inductance identifications using HF signal injection are analyzed after self-learning of the inverter nonlinearity characteristics. Then, both the voltage error and the harmonic current can be described. In addition, different cases of voltage error distribution with different injection conditions are classified. The effects of inverter nonlinearities on the offline inductance identification using HF injection are validated on a 2.2 kW interior PMSM drive.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2021

The goal of this study was to explore the use of multiple SNS platforms and determine whether the number of used platforms affects one's online self-presentations across the said platforms and if there is any difference in one's online and offline self-presentations based on how many SNS platforms are used. This work studied online self-presentations, compared the on/offline ones and tried to find out if the inconsistencies of one's own (observer's) self-presentations both online (across platforms) and on/offline affected the observer's impression formation (likability, trustworthiness and hypocrisy) of others. The study also aimed to find out if the impression of the others' inconsistency both online and offline would differ based on the level of intimacy between the observer and the discussant. Three levels of intimacy were studied in order to do this: friends, acquaintances and strangers (online-only friends). The results showed that the more platforms people used the more inconsistent their online self-presentations got. Even though the results of the study showed barely significant relationship between the number of SNS accounts and one's online and offline self-presentation, and partial connection between observer's inconsistent self-presentations and impression formation of others, interestingly enough, the results managed to find significant differences between the impressions based on the level of intimacy between the observer and the discussants.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2020

Recently, the COVID environment has had a serious impact on the university education system. Career guidance methods of students, which have a significant impact on enrollment and employment rates of universities, should be changed in the COVID environment. While a traditional career guidance activity mainly use offline counseling methods, it should consider online counseling methods more seriously in the COVID environment. In this paper, I propose a hybrid(online and offline) career guidance model that can be effectively used in both online and offline education environments. The proposed hybrid model, which has the characteristics of online and offline, can effectively guide college students even in the COVID environment. In this paper, I show the usefulness of the proposed model by applying it to a real-world counseling case.