• 재활치료과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 도로 주행 능력을 향상시키기 위한 운전재활의 방법과 효과에 대해 체계적 고찰을 통하여 추후에 있을 운전재활 연구의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 2014년 12월부터 2015년 1월까지 운전재활에 관한 연구를 CINAHL, Embase, Pubmed, PsycINFO, Riss를 통하여 검색하였다. 선정기준에 따라 최종적으로 15편의 연구를 분석하였으며 주요검색용어로는 "On-road" OR "Driving" AND "Driving rehabilitation"AND "Intervention"을 사용하였다. 결과: 고찰한 연구는 총 15개로 근거 수준은 I, III, V이었다. 연구대상은 뇌졸중 환자(40.0%), 고령 운전자(20.0%), 외상성 뇌손상 환자(20.0%), 후천적 뇌손상 환자(13.3%), 척수환자(6.7%)였으며, 실제 도로 주행 능력을 향상시키기 위한 중재 방법은 시뮬레이터를 이용한 훈련(53.3%), 인지 기술을 훈련(26.6%), 운전을 위한 교육(6.7%), 보조 기기의 적용(6.7%), 운전 연수(6.7%)이었다. 중재 효과는 방법에 따라 차이가 있었지만 시뮬레이터를 이용한 모든 연구에서 중재 후 도로 주행 능력의 유의한 향상을 보고하였다. 결론: 도로 주행 능력을 향상시키기 위한 운전재활은 다양한 방법으로 적용되고 있었다. 특히 시뮬레이터를 이용한 중재는 많은 연구를 통해 효과가 입증되고 있었다. 추후 다양한 연구 대상자와 중재 방법을 통해 도로 주행 능력 향상을 위한 운전재활 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2018

PURPOSES : A geo-grid pavement, e.g., a stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI), can be applied to an asphalt-overlay method on the existing surface-pavement layer for pavement maintenance related to reflection cracking. Reflection cracking can occur when a crack in the existing surface layer influences the overlay pavement. It can reduce the pavement life cycle and adversely affect traffic safety. Moreover, a failed overlay can reduce the economic value. In this regard, the objective of this study is to evaluate the bonding properties between the rigid pavement and a SAMI by using the direct shear test and the pull-off test. The predicted fractural energy functions with the shear stress were determined from a numerical analysis of the moving average method and the polynomial regression method. METHODS : In this research, the shear and pull-off tests were performed to evaluate the properties of mixtures constructed using no interlayer, a tack-coat, and SAMI with fabric and without fabric. The lower mixture parts (describing the existing pavement) were mixed using the 25-40-8 joint cement-concrete standard. The overlay layer was constructed especially using polymer-modified stone mastic asphalt (SMA) pavement. It was composed of an SMA aggregate gradation and applied as the modified agent. The sixth polynomial regression equation and the general moving average method were utilized to estimate the interlayer shear strength. These numerical analysis methods were also used to determine the predictive models for estimating the fracture energy. RESULTS : From the direct shear test and the pull-off test results, the mixture bonded using the tack-coat (applied as the interlayer between the overlay layer and the jointed cement concrete) had the strongest shear resistance and bonding strength. In contrast, the SAMI pavement without fiber has a strong need for fractural energy at failure. CONCLUSIONS : The effects of site-reflection cracking can be determined using the same tests on cored specimens. Further, an empirical-mechanical finite-element method (FEM) must be done to understand the appropriate SAMI application. In this regard, the FEM application analy pavement-design analysis using thesis and bonding property tests using cored specimens from public roads will be conducted in further research.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2011

Nowadays, the high land use, mainly used for urbanization, is affecting runoff loads of non-point pollutants to increase. According to this fact, increasing runoff loads seems like to appear that it contributes to high ratio of pollution loads in the whole the pollution loads and that this non-point source is the main cause of water becoming worse quality. Especially, concentrated pollutants on the impermeable roads run off to the public water bodies. Also the coefficient of runoff from roads is high with a fast velocity of runoff, which ends up with consequence that a lot of pollutants runoff happens when it is raining. Therefore it is very important project to evaluate the quantity of pollutant loads. In this study, I computed the pollutant loadings depending on time and rainfall to analyze characteristics of runoff while first flush storm water and evaluated the runoff time while first flush storm water and rainfall based on the change in curves on the graph. I also computed contribution ratio to identify its impact on water quality of stream. I realized that the management and treatment of first flush storm water effluents is very important for the management of road's non-point source pollutants because runoff loads of non-point source pollution are over the 80% of whole loads of stream. Also according to the evaluation of runoff loads of first flush storm water for SS, run off time was shown under the 30 minute and rainfall was shown under the 5mm which is less than 20% of whole rainfall. These are under 5mm which is regarded amount of first flush storm water by the Ministry of Environment and it is judged to be because run off by rainfall is very fast on impermeable roads. Also, run off time and rainfall of BOD is higher than SS. Therefore I realized that the management of non-point source should be managed and done differently depending on each material. Finally, the contribution ratio of pollutants loads by rainfall-runoff was shown SS 12.7%, BOD 12.7%, COD 15.9%, T-N 4.9%, T-P 8.9%, however, the pollutants loads flowing into the steam was shown 4.4%. This represents that the concentration of non-point pollutants is relatively higher and we should find the methodical management and should be concerned about non-point source for improvement on water quality of streams.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2002

충격흡수시설(Crash Cushion)은 고속도로 진출램프의 고어(Gore)지역과 같이 차량이 주행차로를 벗어나 도로상의 구조물과 충돌할 위험이 있는 곳에 설치하여 충돌 전 충격에너지를 흡수하는 역할을 하는 도로변 안전시설물이다. 시설의 설치효과를 높이기 위해서는 사고 발생 가능성을 고려하여 설치여부를 판단하는 기준이 필요하다. 그러나 현재의 충격흡수시설 설치기준은 이와 같은 과정을 제시하지 못하고 있다. 이에 착안하여 본 연구에서는 충격흡수시설의 설치여부 판단기준 개발을 위해 두 가지 형태의 연구를 수행하였다. 첫 번째는 고속도로 진출램프 사고예측모형의 개발이다. 충격흡수시설이 설치되는 고속도로의 고어(Gore)지역에서 발생되는 교통사고와 도로환경적 요인과의 관계를 고려한 사고예측모형을 개발하는 과정으로 교통통계 학자들 사이에서 교통사고의 특성을 잘 반영하여 준다고 알려진 음이항 분포를 사용하였다. 두 번째는 고속도로 진출행동모형의 개발이다. 운전자에 의한 고속도로 진출과정을 단계별로 가정하고 가정된 진출과정에 의해 발생되는 변수들과 사고와의 상관관계를 고려하여 운전행동모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 두 가지 형태의 모형으로 위험도를 수치화하고 편익-비용분석 과정을 통하여 충격흡수시설을 설치여부 판단기준을 제시하였다. 도로환경적 요인과 인적요인을 동시에 고려한 본 연구의 접근방법을 통해 효과적으로 충격흡수시설의 설치여부를 판단할 수 있다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The purpose of this system (Rear Lighting System) is to provide illumination for the driver to operate the commercial vehicle safely after dark in highway, to increase the conspicuity of the vehicle, and especially be suggesting the finest observable improvement method, depending on color and pattern of rear lighting system of truck for midnight highway traffic. METHODS : Rear lightning system as an improving way for forward commercial vehicles lighting the securing sight from human factors and the surrounding environment in midnight driving. For this one, basic materials were collected from the data analysis about many types of problems, and filed investigation for establishing Driving Simulator. also taking statistic test to human volunteers after finding recognizable distance of them. RESULTS : As a result, color with the highest visuality is amber followed by green-red-blue as in order for all road types. Especially almost no difference is found between red and green, also when the light is turn off, recognizable distances is wide difference compared to turn on the light. One more thing about study per pattern, upper and entire lighting have similar recognizable distances, but under lighting shows short distance with difficulty securing sight from medians. And straight section shows similar recognizable distances. By finding visuality improvement method depending on color and pattern of supplement taillight, it is expected to suggest quantitative judgement standard for introducing regulation and improvement of supplement taillight. CONCLUSIONS : Night time vehicle conspicuity to the rear is provided by rear position lamps. this study is showed that the color of light ramp is not important to be safe driving, most important is to turn on the light, recognizable distances is big different compared to turn off the rear light, so when the drivng dark in highway, have to turn on the light for reducing risk.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2005

The improved hitch device, which connecting the trailer to power tiller, was developed. This device, composed with spring and rubber, could reduce the vibration and shock levels during driven on off-road. The vertical vibration accelerations for the improved hitch device were measured at 6 positions, i.e. engine, hitch, seat, and three points in trailer (front, middle, and rear) for not driving but at low engine speed of 500 rpm, and compared with the existing hitch device. The results of this study could be summarized as follows; The average vibration acceleration up to 120 Hz was $0.4m/s^2$ at engine part, but it was 0.08 and $0.05m/s^2$ at trailer for existing and improved hitch device, respectively. About $38\%$ of average acceleration level could be absorbed for the improved hitch device compared with existing hitch device. The average vibration acceleration up to 40 Hz was reduced to 0.12 and $0.06m/s^2$ at trailer for existing and improved hitch device respectively, showing the reduction effect of $50\%$. The maximum acceleration occurred at up to 20 Hz of low frequency was much higher than total acceleration occurred at up to 120 Hz, which means that much loss or damage could be occurred during transporting of agricultural products on off-road. The portions of average acceleration occurred at up to 20 Hz of low frequency were $27\%\;and\;21\%$ for the existing and improved hitch device, respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.745-756
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate representativeness of fuel-based emission factors. Twelve light-duty diesel vehicles which meet Euro-3 to 5 legislative emission limits were selected for emission tests. Second-by-second modal emission rates of vehicles were measured on a standard laboratory chassis dynamometer system. An off-cycle driving cycle was developed as a representative Korean real-world on-road driving cycle. Fuel-based emission factors were developed for short trip segments that involved in the selected driving cycle. Each segment was defined to have unit travel distance, which is 1 km, and characterized by its average speed and Relative Positive Acceleration (RPA). Fuel-based $NO_x$ emission factors demonstrate relatively good representativeness in terms of vehicle operation conditions. $NO_x$ emission factors are estimated to be within ${\pm}20%$ of area-wide emission factor under more than 40% of total driving situations. This result implies that the fuel-based $NO_x$ emission factor could be practically implemented into the on-road emission management strategies, such as a remote sensing device (RSD). High emitting vehicles as well as high emitting operating conditions heavily affect on the mean values and distributions of CO and THC emission factors. Few high emitting conditions are pulling up the mean value and biasing the distributions, which weaken representativeness of fuel-based CO and THC emission factors.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2010

자전거시설의 공급에도 자전거이용자가 시설이용을 기피하거나 다른 루트를 이용하여 주행하는 이유는 시설이 자전거이용자의 선호를 충분히 고려하지 않았기 때문이다. 본 연구의 목적은 자전거이용활성화정책의 주요 대상이 되는 통근시간대 자전거이용자의 통행특성과 경로선택에 영향을 미치는 요소를 분석함으로써 자전거도로의 계획 및 설계에 필요한 시사점을 도출하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 SP조사기법을 이용하여 이용자의 선호를 조사하고, 링크레벨 및 경로레벨요소로 구성된 로짓 모형을 도출하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 검토된 9개 요소가 모두 자전거도로의 루트선택에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히, 보조간선도로, 분리형자전거차로를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 차선만으로 설계할 경우에는 분리공간(buffer zone)을 설치하여야 하며, 자전거차로를 설치할 경우에는 자동차의 속도를 50km/시 이하로 제한할 필요가 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5897-5905
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• 2013

도로분야에 BIM을 활용하여 수량산출, 설계예산서 작성, 공정관리, 간섭검토 등을 하고자 하나 이를 위해 필요한 적절한 지침이나 가이드라인 등 관련 기준이 마련되어 있지 않아 BIM 적용에 어려움을 호소하고 있다. 이에 도로분야 BIM 성과품 납품체계 개발을 위해 국내외적으로 배포되어 있는 다양한 토목 BIM 관련 가이드라인 및 발주문서 등을 수집하여 특징을 분석하였다. 분석은 성과품 목록, 납품파일 형식, 기존 2D 기반의 성과품 활용여부, 성과품 제작도구, 성과품 납품방법 등 5가지 주제로 나누어 진행하였다. 분석결과 BIM 활용용도에 따라 성과품 목록, 제작도구 등이 달라 표준화하는데 많은 노력이 필요한 반면, 납품파일 형식이나 납품방법은 유사하여 공통적인 가이드 제시가 용이할 것으로 분석되었다. 더불어 당분간 BIM기반의 성과품이 2D성과품을 대체하기는 어려워 병행하여 납품받아야 할 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문의 연구결과는 향후 도로분야 BIM 성과품 납품체계 개발을 위한 근간자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2012

PURPOSES: Because expressway ramps are very complex segments where diverse roadway design elements dynamically change within relatively short length, drivers on ramps are required to drive their cars carefully for safety. Especially, ramps on expressways are designed to guarantee driving at high speed so that the risk and severity of traffic accidents on expressway ramps may be higher and more deadly than other facilities on expressways. Safe deceleration maneuvers are required on off-ramps, whereas safe acceleration maneuvers are necessary on onramps. This difference in required maneuvers may contribute to dissimilar patterns and severity of traffic accidents by ramp types. Therefore, this study was aimed at developing prediction models of the severity of traffic accidents on expressway on- and off-ramps separately in order to consider dissimilar patterns and severity of traffic accidents according to types of ramps. METHODS: Four-year-long traffic accident data between 2007 and 2010 were utilized to distinguish contributing design elements in conjunction with AADT and ramp length. The prediction models were built using the negative binomial regression model consisting of the severity of traffic accident as a dependent variable and contributing design elements as in independent variables. RESULTS: The developed regression models were evaluated using the traffic accident data of the ramps which was not used in building the models by comparing actual and estimated severity of traffic accidents. Conclusively, the average prediction error rates of on-ramps and offramps were 30.5% and 30.8% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction models for the severity of traffic accidents on expressway on- and off-ramps will be useful in enhancing the safety on expressway ramps as well as developing design guidelines for expressway ramps.