• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2016

This study investigates the effect of bovine heart surimi-like material (BHSM) used as a back fat replacer, on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of frankfurter-type sausages. Frankfurter-type sausage with added BHSM had a higher moisture content and lower fat content than the control. In addition, the samples with added BHSM had higher pH, cooking loss and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) value and lower water exudation than the control. The sausage formulation with 40% BHSM was more effective in delaying lipid oxidation without affecting cooking loss compared to the 60% BHSM treatment sample. Results showed that hardness values increased upon replacement with BHSM, and sausages manufactured with 40% BHSM had higher lightness and lower redness values. Panelists found there were no differences in color, odor, and tenderness scores and the overall acceptability score found that treatment samples containing 20% and 40% BHSM were preferable to the control after storage for 14 d. These results indicate that fat replacement with BHSM was beneficial to the quality of frankfurter-type sausages, and acceptable reduced-fat products can be produced when back fat is replaced with up to 40% BHSM.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.342-349
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify the bloom-forming Anabaena strains with two phenotypes (straight-type and coil-type) isolated from North Han River (Sambong-ri Joam-myun) using 16S rDNA sequence. The odor material producing potential was also examined using the geosmin-synthesizing gene cluster. Despite of striking morphological difference of the two stains, resembling A. circinalis and A. crassa species, the phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA identified the both strains as a single species of A. circinalis with high genetic similarity (98%~100%). Also, two Anabaena strains showed to possess the geosmin-synthesizing gene cluster, indicating that they are capable of producing the odor substance. This study is the first report that provides the direct evidence of geosmin production in the gene level by A. circinalis in Korea, and provides important basic information to identify the source alga of geosmin increase and its management in North Han River.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.634-639
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• 2020

Starfish are a potential source of marine materials, but their unique odor can limit application. Our previous work suggested that brittle star Ophioplocus japonicus extract could be more effective as a cosmetic material by reducing its odor through a roasting process. However, the biological properties of heat-treated Ophioplocus japonicus extract (HOJE) remain poorly understood. We here examined the anti-inflammatory potential of HOJE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. HOJE significantly inhibits LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production without affecting cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and suppresses LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and -1β. Furthermore, treatment of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate to inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling accelerated the inhibitory effect of HOJE on NO production, and the translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus was attenuated by HOJE. These results show that HOJE ameliorates inflammation partly through NF-κB signaling which consequently suggests that it has anti-inflammatory potential.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2015

In this study, the fermentation characteristics of Yakju were investigated by addition of protein and lipid. These are classified according to raw material (rice, glucose) and inducing substance (rice protein, rice lipid). Alcoholic fermentation occurred at $25^{\circ}C$, after 14 days. The results of this study were as follows: Alcohol content of Yakju with rice protein was higher than those of other samples. The pH and glucose of rice Yakju were detemied to be 4.86~5.13 and 4.17~4.86, respectively. Titratable acid and the total amino acid content of the Yakju with rice protein were the highest among other samples. The optical density contents of the rice Yakju and glucose Yakju were 0.52~0.653 and 0.27~0.61, respectively. The concentration of organic acids in rice Yakju (433.98~519.31 mg%) was higher than that of glucose Yakju (303.76~387.50 mg%). The major organic acid components of the Yakju were succinic, citric, acetic and lactic acids. The nitrogen compound concentrations of rice Yakju (4377.38~10208.06 ppm) was higher than that of glucose Yakju (671.20~9368.93 ppm). The protein odor correlation coefficient was 0.98 (p<0.001) showing a very high correlation coefficient, while lipid odor coefficient showed a negative correlation with -0.038 (p<0.458).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.381-397
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• 2021

Off-flavor materials (geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)) produced by microorganisms, such as, cyanobacteria and actinomycetes, cause freshwater use problems worldwide. Due to unpleasant taste and odor, these microorganisms have raised issues especially in drinking water resources. Recently, there has been increasing concern about 2-MIB and causal cyanobacteria, namely, Pseudanabaena, in Korea. However, material production and ecological dynamics remain largely unexplored. This study reviewed the distribution of Pseudanabaena, its species diversity, and the research trend of molecular ecology related to 2-MIB production in Korea. Based on published literature, we found that seven species of Pseudanabaena which include P. mucicola, P. limnetica, P. redekei, P. catenata, P. galeata, P. yagii, and P. cinerea appeared to occur in a variety of Korean water systems. All of these Pseudanabaena species were found in the North-Han River system (Lakes Soyang, Chuncheon, Uiam, and Paldang). Some of these species were also detected in other watersheds, but the precise species diversity was not identified. Species belonging to the Pseudanabaena genus are hard to classify through general microscopic alpha taxonomy, due to their very small cell size and similar morphological characters. Moreover, the potential of 2-MIB production cannot be detected by microscopic observation. Combining molecular ecological techniques, such as, environmental genomic materials (eDNA, eRNA) analyses to conventional methods could be useful to better understand the off-flavor material production and dynamics, thereby providing more efficient management strategies of freshwater systems.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2012

Disc dislocation without reduction, as known as closed lock, is a clinical condition in which the disc is dislocated from the condyle and does not return to normal position during condylar movement When the condition of disc dislocation without reduction is acute, the initial therapy should include an attempt to reduce or recapture the disc by manual manipulation. When patients report a history of being locked for 1 week or less, manual manipulation is usually successful. In patients with a longer history, success rate tends to decrease rapidly. If the disc has been successfully recaptured, placing an anterior positioning appliance is recommended to prevent clenching on the posterior teeth, which would likely redislocated the disc. But it is hard to make an appliance immediately in the clinic because it takes too much time. And making an appliance using self-curing acrylic resin is not very popular because of its discomfort by odor and working time. Also, if the patient has resin allergy or is under orthodontic treatment, or if it is impossible to control behavior of the patient, it has been restricted to make an appliance immediately. Therefore, to supplement this disadvantages, we tried to confirm about successful short term use of temporary anterior positioning splint made by using putty impression material after manual manipulation in this study.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.548-555
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of Baiksulgis made of imported rice(Thai and Chinese rice, harvested in 1998) and domestic rice(Chuchung byeo, harvested in 1998 and 1997). Moisture content, color value, yields of reducing sugar by $\beta$-amylase reaction, texture and sensory properties of Baiksulgis were measured. Moisture contents of rice flour and Baiksulgi made of Korean rice harvested in 1997 were highest and those of Thai rice were lowest among the samples. This tends were also seen during storage. Lightness and redness of Baiksulgi made of Thai rice were lowest and yellowness of Baiksulgis made of Korean rice harvested in 1997 and Chinese rice were higher than those made of other rices. Yield of reducing sugar by $\beta$-amylase reaction was highest in Baiksulgi made of Korean rice harvested in 1998 and lowest in Baiksulgi made of Thai rice. And the value decreased less than half of initial value after 24 hour storage. Adhesiveness of Baiksulgi made of Thai rice was zero and cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess of that were very low. This results showed that Baiksulgi made of Thai rice was lack of chewy texture and this trend was more apparent as the storage time increased. In sensory tests, Baiksulgi made of Chinese rice had most yellowish color and that made of imported rice such as Chinese and Thai rice had more coarse texture than that made of domestic rices. off odor was lowest in Baiksulgi made or Korean rice harvested in 1997 and sweet taste was lowest in that made or Thai rice. Hardness adhesiveness, moistness and chewiness of Baiksulgi made of domestic rices were much higher than those made of impoted rices, and these results showed that Baiksulgi made of domestic rices had acceptable texture. Baiksulgi made of Thai rice showed the lowest acceptability due to lack of above textural characteristics and it was needed to add the material to modify the texture of that.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2005

Anaerobic decomposition is one of the most common processes in nature and has been extensively used in waste and wastewater treatment for several centuries. New applications and system modifications continue to be adapted making the process either more effective, less expensive, or suited to the particular waste in question and the operation to which it is to be applied. Animal manure is a highly biodegradable organic material and will naturally undergo anaerobic fermentation, resulting in release of noxious odors, such as in manure storage pits. Depending on the presence or absence of oxygen in the manure, biological treatment process may be either aerobic or anaerobic. Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria carry on fermentative metabolisms to break down the complex organic substances into simpler organic acids and then convert them to ultimately formed methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic biological systems for animal manure treatment include anaerobic lagoons and anaerobic digesters. Methane and carbon dioxide are the principal end products of controlled anaerobic digestion. These two gases are collectively called biogas. The biogas contains $60\~70\%$ methane and can be used directly as a fuel for heating or electrical power generation. Trace amounts of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide ($100\~300\;ppm$) are always present in the biogas stream. Anaerobic lagoons have found widespread application in the treatment of animal manure because of their low initial costs, ease of operation and convenience of loading by gravity flow from the animal buildings. The main disadvantage is the release of odors from the open surfaces of the lagoons, especially during the spring warm-up or if the lagoons are overloaded. However, if the lagoons are covered and gases are collected, the odor problems can be solved and the methane collected can be used as a fuel. Anaerobic digesters are air-tight, enclosed vessels and are used to digest manure in a well-controlled environment, thus resulting in higher digestion rates and smaller space requirements than anaerobic lagoons. Anaerobic digesters are usually heated and mixed to maximize treatment efficiency and biogas production. The objective of this work was to review a current anaerobic biological treatment of animal manure for effective new technologies in the future.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 1982

For the effective utilization of the fish resources in coastal regions, investigations on processing conditions of frozen-dried product, quality stability of the Product during storage, and utilization as a food material were carried out with the filefish, Navoden modestus. The processing condition was determined with the moisture content and texture of the product. The duality of the product was evaluated on chemical composition, rehydration capacity, TBA value, browning, omission test and sensory score. The conditions for the processing of frozen-dried filefish under the conditions of freezing temperature at $-10^{\circ}C$ and forced air thawing at $56{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with a velocity of 1 m/sec were as follows : freezing temperature, $-10^{\circ}C$ : freezing time, 10 hours; thawing time, 2 hours ; and repeated number of freezing and thawing, 5 times. The yield, the condition of moisture and protein were $10.2\%,\;23.6\%\;and\;70.6\%$, respectively. The frozen-dried product packed with air and stored at room temperature showed no remarkable changes in TBA value, rehydration capacity, browning during the storage period of 90days. The frozen-dried filefish showed no remarkable differences in the taste, odor and texture, comparing with frozen-dried Alaska pollack on the market.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1539-1549
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the sampling methods for monitoring indoles (phenol, p-cresol, indole and skatole) in airs of swine facility. As the collecting methods of indoles in air, Tenax-TA adsorption tube and solid phase microextraction (SPME) were examined. For the preparation of calibration curves of indoles concentrated in Tenax-TA, the standard indoles solutions were spiked in each of Tenax-TA tubes and thermally desorbed (ATD) into a gas chromatograph combined with mass detector (GC/MS). And for the preparation of calibration curves by SPME, indoles in the standard gaseous solution prepared by evaporating the aqueous solution that contained indoles into a polyester sampling bag were extracted with SPME fiber and subsequently analyzed by the GC/MS. Two sampling methods were evaluated for extracting indoles present in swine building environments. Results indicated that the SPME method using Polydimethylsiloxane/ Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was more effective than Tenax-TA method in extracting indoles. The gas chromatographic analysis showed that the linearities of calibration curves and detection limits were useful for detection of indoles in swine airs. The field tests also showed that considerably different levels of indoles were present in various parts of the swine building.