• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2010

We sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome of Dendronephthya gigantea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Nephteidae), the first mitochondrial genome sequence report in the Family Nephtheidae. The mitochondrial genome of D. gigantea was 18,842 bp in length, and contained 14 protein coding genes (atp6 and 8, cox1-3, cytb, nd1-6 and 4L, and msh1), two ribosomal RNAs, and only one transfer RNA. The gene content and gene order is identical to other octocorals sequenced to date. The portion of the noncoding regions is slightly larger than the other octocorals (5.08% compared to average 3.98%). We expect that the information of gene content, gene order, codon usage, noncoding region and protein coding gene sequence could be used in the further analysis of anthozoan phylogeny.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2008

Soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (Verrill, 1864) is a conspicuous species dominating shallow sea waters of Jejudo Island, Korea. Recently its whole mitochondrial genome sequencing was completed by us and the sequence information provided an opportunity to test the age of Octocorallia and time of evolutionary separation between some representative orders of the subclass Octocorallia. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 13 mitochondrial protein encoding genes revealed a polyphyletic relationship among octocorallians representing two orders (Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea) and four families (Alcyoniidae, Nephtheidae, Briareidae, and Gorgoniidae). Estimates of divergence times among octocorallians indicate that the first splitting might occur around end of or after Cretaceous period (50-79 million years ago (Ma)). The age is relatively young compared to the long history of stony sea corals (>240 Ma). Taken together our result suggests a possible relatively recent radiating evolution at least in the order Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea. Molecular dating and phylogenetic analysis based on much broader taxon sampling and many genes might give an insight into this interesting hypothesis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2014

The four species of the suborder Holaxonia, Anthogorgia japonica Studer, 1889 of family Acanthogorgiidae, Astrogorgia rubra (Thomson & Henderson, 1906), Euplexaura attenuata (Nutting, 1910), and E. erecta (Kukenthal, 1908) of family Plexauridae have been newly recorded in Korea. They were collected from intertidal and sublittoral zones in the western and southern coasts and Jeju-do Island of Korea by SCUBA diving and fishing nets from 1969 to 2010. This study approaches holaxonians by focusing on external and internal morphologies including size, form, and color of colonies, branches, polyps, coenenchyme, axis, and spicules. Anthogorgia japonica is characterized by its planar growth form, dichotomously branched form, non-retractile polyps, and Astrogorgia rubra by arrangement of calyxes being situated in lateral side at stems and alternately in all sides at branches. Euplexaura attenuata is sparsely and laterally branched colony, and has straight wand-like stems. Euplexaura erecta has branches which run parallel to the main stem.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.84-96
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• 2012

Some gorgonians in the families, Primnoidae and Isididae within the suborder Calcaxonia were collected from subtidal zones between depths of 10 and 45 m in the coastal regions of King Sejong Station ($62^{\circ}13'S$, $058^{\circ}47'W$), Korea Polar Research Institute of Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) by SCUBA diving from 2009 to 2011. Three species in the Primnoidae, $Arntzia$ $gracilis$ (Molander, 1929), $Thouarella$ ($Thouarella$) $antarctica$ (Valenciennes, 1846) and $Onogorgia$ $nodosa$ (Molander, 1929), and also one species in the family Isididae, $Tenuisis$ $microspiculata$ (Molander, 1929) are newly recorded to octocorallian fauna in Marian Cove and Potter Cove of King George Island. These four species have been described in detail.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.92-96
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• 2018

In 2017, during a survey of the anthozoan fauna in the Hallyeohaesang National Park in the South Sea, several Acanthogorgia specimens were collected from the subtidal zone. Through taxonomic analysis, one species, Acanthogorgia densiflora $K{\ddot{u}}kenthal$ & Gorzawsky, 1908, was found to be previously unreported from Korea, and was, therefore, newly added to the list of Korean anthozoan fauna. This species is distributed on the slopes of the rocky substratum between depths of 14 and 24 m. Including the findings from this study, ten species of the genus Acanthogorgia have thus been reported from the Korean waters until now.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.160-174
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• 2013

Soft corals were collected from the subtidal zone in the coastal regions of Jejudo Island between 1975 and 2010. By the taxonomic work on them, three species in the subgenus Dendronephthya (Dendronephthya) and one species in the subgenus Dendronephthya (Roxasia) of family Nephtheidae were newly added to Korean fauna: Dendronephthya (Dendronephthya) aurea Utinomi, 1952, Dendronephthya (D.) koellikeri K$\ddot{u}$kenthal, 1905, Dendronephthya (D.) mucronata (P$\ddot{u}$tter, 1900), and Dendronephthya (Roxasia) decussatospinosa Utinomi, 1952. These species are mainly distributed on the rocky substratum at the southern coast from 10 and 32 m. As a result of this study thirteen species in the genus Dendronephthya have been reported from Korean waters until now.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 1994

The partial nucleotide sequences of 185 ribosomal RNA gene were compared for six cnidarian species (one belongs to class Hvdrozoa: Coryne pusilla. Five belong to class Anthozoa: Beflonella rigida from Octocorallia; Anemonia sulcutu, Anthopfeura kurognne, An thopleura midori from Hexacorallia: Cerianthus filiformis from Ceriantipatharial. The aligned sequence data were used to test the hypothesis on the anthozoan phylosenv by using the distance matrix method and parsimony method. The phvlosenetic inferences resulting from these methods indicate that the anthozoan is a monophvletic group and support the three subclass scheme (Octocorallia, HexBcorallia, Ceriantipatharial within class Anthozoa. The result also indicates that ceriantipatharian is more primitive than the other groups and that family Actiniidae is a monophvletic group within the anthozoan. However, the present analysis does not clearly indicate the phvlogenetic relationships of species among genera.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2008

The gorgonian coral Anthoplexaura dimorpha Kukenthal, 1908(Gorgonacea: Octocorallia) is abundant in Jejudo Islands, Korea. To investigate the sexual reproduction of this species, we surveyed the morphology and cycle of gametogenesis. 5-6cm long fragments from 3-7 randomly chosen colonies were collected monthly at a depth of 12-24m in the water surrounding Munseom from August 2003 to August 2005. This species was gonochoric with sex ratio of 1.86:1(female to male), and had one annual reproductive cycle affected by elevation of seawater temperature. Oogenesis was longer than spermatogenesis as 12 months in female and 6 months in male. The planulae were not observed from the field survey and histological sections, which suggested broadcast spawning for the reproductive mode in this species. The possible spawning events may occur after the seawater temperature attain to the annual peak in September.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.75.2-75
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 1980

A systematic study of Korean Paramuriceidae was done with specimens collected from nine localities in the South Sea of Korea for the period of 1965 through 1978. The identifited Paramuriceidae was turned out to be 14 species and seven genera. They were all new to the Korean gorgonarian fauna: Bebryce indica; B. thomsoni; B. brocki; Calicogorgia granulosa; Filigella mitsukuri; Muricella abnormalis; Paracis pustulata; P. ijimai; Plecauroides reticulata; P. praelonga; P. rigida; P. complexa; Villogorgia alterans; V. antillarum.