• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.52-67
• /
• 2008

Recently, frequent occurrence of flash floods caused by climactic change has necessitated prompt and quantitative prediction of precipitation. In particular, the usability of rainfall radar that can carry out real-time observation and prediction of precipitation behavior has increased. Moreover, the use of distributed hydrological model that enables grid level analysis has increased for an efficient use of rainfall radar that provides grid data at 1km resolution. The use of distributed hydrologic model necessitates grid-type spatial data about target basins; to enhance reliability of flood runoff simulation, the use of visible and precise data is necessary. In this paper, physically based $Vflo^{TM}$ model and ModClark, a quasi-distributed hydrological model, were used to carry out flood runoff simulation and comparison of simulation results with data from Imjin River Basin, two-third of which is ungauged. The spatial scope of this study was divided into the whole Imjin River basin area, which includes ungauged area, and Imjin River basin area in South Korea for which relatively accurate and visible data are available. Peak flow and lag time outputs from the two simulations of each region were compared to analyze the impact of uncertainty in topographical parameters and soil parameters on flood runoff simulation and to propose effective methods for flood runoff simulation in ungauged regions.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.24 no.1 s.62
• /
• pp.25-28
• /
• 1985

Experiments were carried out to investigate the life cycle of the rice leaf beetle (RLB), (Oulema oryzae KUWAYAMA) ,yield losses by its damages, and control method in $1976{\sim}1983$ at the experimental field of Gangweon PORD. Peak occurrence of adult and larva rice beetle was late May and mid-June, respectively. Adult overwintered in the forest of mountain and move into the paddy field to lay eggs on the rice leaf from late seedling stage. A female adult laid eggs for 2 days, and egg, larval and pupal period was 9, 16, and 9 days, respectively. Leersia japonica MAKINO was damaged slightly by the beetle. The yield reduction by artifical defoliation ranged from 6 to 40% and yield reduction increased as leaf feeding delayed until mid-July. All insecicides show 100% of control value against RLB.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 1995

Ecological study of the Cynoglossus joyneri was conducted based on the specimens from the western coast of Korea from 1992 to 1994. Ecological characteristics of this species such as gonadal development, occurrence of larvae, stomach contents, and environmental conditions were investigated. Few larvae of Cynoglossus joyneri occurred in Kunsan coast. This coast is influenced by the freshwater input of the Mangyong and Kum River, especially during the summer. Therefore, the larvae of C. joyneri were considered to be spawned and grown during their early life stage in the high saline water in outer bay. Spawning occur from June to September, having the peak spawning period from July to August. Biological minimum size of matured fishes containing mature oocytes is about 143.5mm in total length, which requires about 20 months after hatching. The ranges of total length by age are as follows : 0-ring group(floating stage), 30~70mm ; 1-ring group, 49.0~133.0mm 2-ring group, 128.6~167.0mm ; 3-ring group, 169.0~202.0mm ; 4-ring group, 200.7~240.0mm. The major food items of young fish under 8cm were copepods and invertebrate larvae, and those of adult fishes were annelids(polychaets) in winter, and bivalves and shrimps in summer and autumn. Therefore, it can be assumed that the population of C. joyneri could be reduced due to the decrease of food organisms caused by the continuous reclamation activities in the inner bays of the west coast of Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.777-780
• /
• 2008

According to the recent tendency that the buildings in the downtown are gradually Manhattanized, the very thick massive concrete is selected as the foundation of architectures. By the way, because this mass concrete cannot be simultaneously pour in a great quantity due to the circumstance at the field, not only the questions on the unification between the concretes pour on the upper layer and the lower layer are presented but also the cracks by the internal force from the difference of hydration exothermic period are occurred, which are pointed out as the problems. Thus, this study performed Mock-up test to apply the hydration heat controlling method of massive concrete for horizontal partition pouring construction to the building sites for the purpose of securing the stability on the cracks by the internal force from the difference of hydration exothermic period on the upper layer and the lower layer of massive concrete and checked the efficiency. As the results of test, in case of setting time difference method by super retarder with 2 layers and 4 layers, the effect that temperature gaps between upper part and lower part were lowered and the possibility of crack occurrence was decreased as the peak time of the heat of hydration became delayed to the latter term could be confirmed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 1983

In spite of the world-wide increase of incidence of pesticide poisoning due to greater use of pesticides, the epidemiological study of pesticide poisoning in Korea has been grossly neglected. The author gained access to the medical records for two year period (1981 through 1982) from local clinics, hospitals and health centers of Kyungpook area to investigate the status of the pesticide poisoning. During these two years, there were 1,618 cases of documented pesticide poisoning, of which in 1981 were 765 and in 1982 were 853. Those in the twenties decade of age was the most frequent and the male(70%) was more liable than the female (30%). In view of manner of poisoning, occupational poisoning was 27.8%, accidental 5.6%, and suicidal 66.6%. There are three distinct groups which make up the large majority of both fatal and nonfatal cases; young children who accidentally ingest pesticides, young to middle age adult who are occupationally poisoned, and middle age to older adults who suicidally ingest pesticides. The seasonal distribution of these poisonings disclosed the peak month to be July, with August next, followed by June and September. Only 11% of cases occurred during the three-month winter season of December to February. Thus pesticide caused poison- ing was primarily a summer and early fall occurrence. During these two years, average of 67 cases of poisoning was observed monthly. Of the pesticide poisoning documented, 49% were treated with poisoning patients from local clinic and 43% from hospital. The case fatality rate of occupational poisoning was 0.9%, accidental 5.6% and suicidal 20.3%. The mean overall case fatality rate was 14.1%. Annual incidence of pesticide poisoning was 25.4 per 100,000 population in the study area. There is a nationwide need for more reliable date on pesticide poisoning. This need can only grow more acute with the passage of time because of the increasing importance of pesticides as a cause of morbidity and mortality.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.1 s.43
• /
• pp.10-24
• /
• 2006

Staurolite grains in staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones occurred in the Littleton Formation, Northcentral Massachusetts have interpreted to form by Barrovian-type metamorphism during Acadian orogeny. However, various occurrence of staurolite in the three zones, (a) porphyroblast, (b) randomly oriented and coarse-grained muscovite pseudomorph after staurolite, (c) recrystallized staurolite at the margin of garnet porphyroblast and within the pseudomorph, indicates that they have resulted from polymetamorphism. Staurolite in these three metamorphic zones can be formed by demise of chlorite or chloritoid that depends on difference of bulk-rock compositions and changes of P-T conditions. Staurolite modal proportion calculated in MnNCKFHASH system using THERMOCALC program reveals that staurolite could have grown with garnet with increasing pressure and temperature, if it coexist with chlorite. After demise of chlorite and appearance of biotite, staurolite mode decrease with increasing pressure and temperature. Therefore, based on the previous P-T paths for the Acadian metamorhism, staurolite porphyroblast grew with garnet during 400-370 Ma. Randomly oriented and coarse-grained muscovite pseudomorphs after staurolite probably have grown due to heating with appearance of kyanite and sillimanite. Consequently, pseudomorphisrn of staurolite occurred by heating derived from locally intense Alleghanian shearing (ca. 320-300 Ma) overprinted the Acadian metamorphism. Recrystallized fine-grained staurolite in sillimanite zone observed between the grain boundaries of muscovite in the pseudomorphs and at the edge of garnet porphyrobasts has formed during decreasing temperature and pressure (ca. 300-280 Ma) after peak temperature (ca. $700^{\circ}C$) of the Allegllanian metamorphism.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.104-113
• /
• 2014

Purpose: We compared the clinical manifestations of patients with tsutsugamushi disease between children and adults. Methods: From January 2003 to December 2012, 768 patients diagnosed with tsutsugamushi disease were retrospectively reviewed, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and complications were compared between children and adults. Results: No patterns of annual increases in the number of patients were noted in both children and adults. The higher incidences occurred in October and November respectively. By gender, male outnumbered female in children, but the opposite trend was seen in adults. By residential area, the urban distribution of children was higher than that of adults. Rashes (P =0.001) and eschar (P =0.004) were more common in children, while myalgia was more common in adults. Children had a high prevalence of anemia (P =0.041), and low incidence rates of thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver and renal function. Children yielded better results in the duration of their hospital stay and the incidence of complications (P <0.001). A comparison of the therapeutic effects of doxycycline and macrolide antibiotics, which was performed only on the children, did not reveal any significant differences. Conclusion: Compared to adults, children had higher incidence rates of male patients and more often suffered from rashes and eschar. Children yielded better results in the laboratory findings and duration of the hospital stay and complications. Therefore, when children are suspected to have tsutsugamushi disease, especially during its peak occurrence period, detailed physical examination and serological test should be performed to ensure a prompt diagnosis, and the use of macrolide antibiotics, which have fewer side effects, is expected to yield the same therapeutic effects.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Although trauma is the most common cause of death under age 18, Korean national pediatric trauma data has lack of clinical data. This study is to prepare manpower resources, equipment, and make a correct policy decision on pediatric trauma victims Methods: The study enrolled 528 patients under age 16 with traumatic injury visited Wonju Severance Christian Hostpital Trauma Center, from February 12, 2015 to December 31, 2016. We analyzed the distribution of gender, age, place and time of the accident, injury mechanism, injury severity, and injured organ by medical record. Results: The major injury mechanisms were blunt injury in 485 (91.90%), penetrating injury in 27 (5.10%), burn in 13 (2.50%), near drowning in 2 (0.40%), and foreign body ingestion in 1 (0.20%). Ninety-seven (18.4%) patients were injured at home and 67 (12.7%) patients were injured at school. The overall mortality rate was 1.13% (n=6). 5 mortalities were related to automobile accident and one was fall down. Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 4 (2, 8). No statistical significance was observed in the mean ISS between each age group. The peak time of accident occurrence was between 16 and 17 o'clock. The mean ISS was higher in blunt injury group than penetrating injury with statistical significance ($6.50{\pm}7.60$ vs. $3.00{\pm}8.10$; p<0.05). The most common injury site was upper extremity. Mean ISS was highest in thorax injury. However, mean ISS of thorax injury was higher with statistical significance only compared with face, neck and upper extremity injury. Conclusions: We reported our pediatric trauma patients data of our hospital level I trauma center, which is the only one level I trauma center of Gangwon Province. These data is useful to prevent and prepare for pediatric trauma.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 2002

In this study, ZnS: Cu nano-crystals are synthesized by solution synthesis technique (SST). The structural properties such as crystal structure and particle morphology, and the optical properties such as light absorption/transmittance, energy bandgap, and photoluminescence (PL) excitation/emission are investigated. In an attempt to realize the Cu-doping easiness, the synthesis temperature (~$80^{\circ}C$) is applied to the synthesis bath, and the thiourea is used as sulfur precursor, unlike other general chemical synthesis route. Both undoped ZnS and ZnS : Cu nano-crystals have the cubic crystal structure and have the spherical particle shape. The position of light absorption edge is ~305 nm, indicating the occurrence of quantum size effect. The PL emission intensity and line-width are maximum and minimum, respectively, for Cu-doping concentration 0.03M. In particular, the dependence of PL intensity and line-width on the Cu-doping concentration for ZnS : Cu nano-crystals synthesized by SST is reported for the first time in this study. Experimental results of the absorption edge and the PL excitation show that the main emission peak of ZnS : Cu nano-crystals (~510 nm) in this study is due to the radiative recombination center in the energy bandgap induced by Cu dopant.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.36 no.7
• /
• pp.617-631
• /
• 2015

The Sesong Formation, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits of late Middle Cambrian (Series 3) to Furongian in age, in the Taebaeksan Basin shows the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) with the ${\delta}^{13}C$ values ranging from 1.14 to 2.81‰ in the approximately 15-m-thick stratigraphic interval. The SPICE in the Sesong Formation occurs in the lower part of the Paibian Stage which contains trilobite biozones of the Fenghuangella laevis Zone, Prochuangia mansuyi Zone and the lower part of the Chuangia Zone. The Sesong Formation is composed of six lithofacies including laminated mudstone, nodular shale, laminated sandstone, massive sandstone, limestone conglomerate, and limestone-shale couplet facies. The Sesong Formation is known to have been deposited in the outer shelf below storm wave base. The SPICE occurs in the stratigraphic interval associated with highstand systems tract, correlative conformity and transgressive systems tract of the Sesong Formation. The peak carbon isotope value in the SPICE may coincide with the correlative conformity formed by relative sea-level fall. The occurrence of the SPICE in the Sesong Formation suggests that the SPICE can be used as a tool of global correlation for the successions of mixed carbonate-siliciclastics which lack fossils.