• 한국항해학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.155-169
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• 1994

The minimum temperatures are important element in the daily human life, the climatic classification, and so on. In this study, the authors aim to make an analysis the distribution characteristics of minimum temperatures of 95 weather stations in Korea by using the Climatological Standard Normals of Korea VolumeI, VolumeII, and the Climatological Standard Normals of North Korea. The important results are as follows 1) The daily, fifthly, and tenthly minimum temperatures show the highest rate of occurrance on 14th of January( Occurrance rate : 56.6% ), 16~20th of January( 37.6% ), and the middle ten days of January( 82.1% ) respectively. 2) In the regional distribution of minimum temperatures in winter, the values of northern part, inland area, and west coastal region are lower than those of southern, coastal, and east coastal regions respectively. And, bigger cities and industrial area( Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, etc. ) have larger values than the its vicinities. 3) When the daily minimum temperature is $0^{\circ}C$ and less, the days of northern part, inland area, and wests coastal region are higher than those of southern, coastal, and east coastal regions respectively.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.66-77
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is on identifying real condition of naturalized plants in urban green space. For this, Chollabak-do region was selected for case study. The occurring frequency and distribution status was investigated by field survey. The area of green open space, level of management and passed years after construction etc, were analized to identify the influence on occurrence of naturalized plants. The result is as follows: 1. In 18 sites, 145 taxa as weed species including naturalized plants were occurred. Average No. of occurring taxa is 22.7. Two families of plants, Graminae and compositae charged the most part. Also the rate of naturalized plant among them is 29.7%. 2. Naturalized species showing high occurring rate are 14 taxa of compositae, 5 taxa of Gramineae, Leguminosae and 4 taxa of cruciferae. These plants of previous four somatic polymorphism among all the naturalized plants. 3. The taxa number of naturalized plants were reducedby intensive management. But the rate of naturalized plants in extensively managed area was relatively lower than intensively managed one. Naturalizd plants were widely distributed in most of urban green space with being cognitioned as whole weed. 4. In origin of naturalized plants, the taxa from north America were 16 and the taxa from Europe were 16. Therefore the rate originated from north America and Europe charged high part as 68.2%. The rate of Annual, Biennial and Perennial were each 78.7%, 21.3%. The alternative of management for control aganist disturbance by Annual & Biennial required. 5. Multi-relations analysis shows 0.81 which is the relatively high interralation between the number of emerged axa and that of naturalized ones. 6. The number of naturalized species has no relation to the lapse of years after construction of open-space. Especially it was identified that weed control in the beginning of construction is very important. On the other hand the relation between Ys and Xp was Ys=1.784Xp+4.646.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

The measurement of breakup length of viscous liquid jet in stagnant air was conducted by a 3CCD digital video camera. The nozzle diameters of 4, 6, 8mm with L/d=50 were selected and the dynamic viscosity of viscous liquid made of glycerine and water was in the range of $1.061\times10^{-6}m^2/s$ to $4.935\times10^{-5}m^2/s$. The critical velocity is decreased and the breakup length is increased with the increase of nozzle diameter at the same dynamic viscosity of liquid. At the same nozzle diameter, the breakup length and the critical velocity are both increased with the increase of dynamic viscosity of liquid. It is found in the theoretical analysis that the initial disturbance level is the main cause of occurrance of critical Reynolds number in the stability curve. The comparison of experimental critical Reynolds number and the empirical correlation by Tanasawa and Toyota reveals the relatively good agreement.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.609-614
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• 1999

The effect of the amount of $SiO_2$dopant on the behavior of $AlO_2$$O_3$-composite formation by melt oxdation of Al-alloy was examined in this paper. The $SiO_2$powder was spread on the top surface of the Al-1Mg-3-Si-5Zn-1Cu alloy in th alumina crucible. The selected amount of each powder was 0.03, 0.10, 0.16g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The oxidation behavior was determined by observing the weight gain after the heat treatment for 10 hours at 1373K. The macroscopic structure of formed oxide layer was examined by an optical microscope. The top surface and the cross-section of the grown oxide layer were investigated by SEM and analysed by EDX. The $SiO_2$ powder was determined to enhance oxidation by thermit reaction with Al which reduced the growth incubation period of the oxidation layer. As the amount of the $SiO_2$dopant increased, the growth rate decreased due to the precipitated Si which blocked the Al-alloy channel in the composite materials. However, more uniform layer was obtained due to the occurrance of the enhanced oxidation reaction in the whole alloy surface compared to the case of addition of less amount of dopant.

• 대한간호
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.62-85
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• 1994

The data were analyzed by using an S. P. S. S. computerized program for mean, standard deviation, percentage and paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The increase in $PaO_2$ after hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation was highly statistically significant(p=0.041), and the increase in $PaO_2$ immediately after suctioning was not significant (p=0.752). The time of lowest $PaO_2$ was 30 seconds after the endotracheal suction. 2. The occurrance of cardiac arrhythmia after the endotracheal suction included sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, premature atrial contraction (PAC), and premature ventricular contraction (PVC). The most frequent cardiac arrhythmia was sinus tachycardia (a subjects). Sinus arrhythmia was observed in 5 subjects and continued till 10 minutes after suctioning in two of these. Sinus bradycardia occurred in only 3 subjects and among them, 1 subjects shows sinus arrythmia till 10 minutes after suctioning along. PAC was observed in only one subject and continued till five minutes after suctining along with sinus arrhythmia. PVC was observed in three subjects: it lasted for only 30 seconds after suctioning in two subjects. but continued for 10 minutes after suctioning in the third. 6 subjects manifested two kinds of Cardiac arrhythmia Three of them showed sinus tachycardia with PVC, another 2 showed sinus bradycardia with sinus arrhythmia, and the other subject showed sinus arrhythmia with PAC. 3. The increases in heart rate during the endotracheal suction immediately after and at 30 seconds after suctioning were statistically significant (p=0.005). The increase in heart rate at one minute after suctioning was also significant (p=0.023). The increase in heart rate continued until 10 minutes after the endotracheal suction, but was not statistically significant In this study, endotracheal suctioning with hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation was effective in preventing a decrease in $PaO_2$ after suctioning, but not in preventing cardiac arrhythmias. Nurses should be aware of the complications of endotracheal suctioning and do effective hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation before and after suctioning. Further research is needed to develop a efficient endotracheal suction method which will minimize complications. This study needs to be replicated with different population of patients intubatted or having a tracheostomy, specifically, patients who cardiac or pulmonary desease. The data were analyzed by using an S. P. S. S. computerized program for mean, standard deviation, percentage and paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The increase in $PaO_2$ after hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation was highly statistically significant(p=0.041), and the increase in $PaO_2$ immediately after suctioning was not significant (p=0.752). The time of lowest $PaO_2$ was 30 seconds after the endotracheal suction. 2. The occurrance of cardiac arrhythmia after the endotracheal suction included sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, premature atrial contraction (PAC), and premature ventricular contraction (PVC). The most frequent cardiac arrhythmia was sinus tachycardia (a subjects). Sinus arrhythmia was observed in 5 subjects and continued till 10 minutes after suctioning in two of these. Sinus bradycardia occurred in only 3 subjects and among them, 1 subjects shows sinus arrythmia till 10 minutes after suctioning along. PAC was observed in only one subject and continued till five minutes after suctining along with sinus arrhythmia. PVC was observed in three subjects: it lasted for only 30 seconds after suctioning in two subjects. but continued for 10 minutes after suctioning in the third. 6 subjects manifested two kinds of Cardiac arrhythmia Three of them showed sinus tachycardia with PVC, another 2 showed sinus bradycardia with sinus arrhythmia, and the other subject showed sinus arrhythmia with PAC. 3. The increases in heart rate during the endotracheal suction immediately after and at 30 seconds after suctioning were statistically significant (p=0.005). The increase in heart rate at one minute after suctioning was also significant (p=0.023). The increase in heart rate continued until 10 minutes after the endotracheal suction, but was not statistically significant In this study, endotracheal suctioning with hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation was effective in preventing a decrease in $PaO_2$ after suctioning, but not in preventing cardiac arrhythmias. Nurses should be aware of the complications of endotracheal suctioning and do effective hyperoxygenation and hyperinflation before and after suctioning. Further research is needed to develop a efficient endotracheal suction method which will minimize complications. This study needs to be replicated with different population of patients intubatted or having a tracheostomy, specifically, patients who cardiac or pulmonary desease.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.757-763
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• 2003

본 시험은 율무재배에 적절한 토양수분조건과 파종기 및 질소시비방법를 구명하기 위하여 토양수분은 자연강우에 의존하는 밭 상태의 대조구와 인위적으로 포화상태를 유지시키는 관개구로 구분하여 처리하였고, 파종기는 6월 10일, 6월 20일, 6월 30일에 각각 파종하였으며, 질소시비는 전량기비와 파종기 및 출수기에 50%씩 분시하는 방법 등으로 하여 율무의 생육과 수량 및 수량구성요소의 변화를 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 파종기가 빠를수록 출수 및 성숙기가 빨랐고, 출수일수는 파종기가 지연될수록 감소하는 경향이었으며 성숙일수는 처리간 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 토양수분은 관개구에서 자란 율무가 대조구에서 자란 율무에 비하여 간장과 경태는 컸으며, 파종기가 빠를수록 현저하게 증가하였고, 분얼수도 대조구에 비해 관개구에서 현저한 증가를 보였으며 만파할수록 분얼수가 감소하였다. 지상과 지하부의 생육은 관개구가 대조구에 비하여 왕성한 생육을 보였으며, 파종기가 지연될수록 현저하게 감소하는 경향이었다 개엽 광합성속도는 대조구에 비하여 관개구가 훨씬 높았으며, 엽고병 발병율은 관개구가 낮았다. 관개구가 대조구보다 천립중이 무거웠고 수량은 증가하였으며, 불임율은 관개구가 대조구보다 낮았고, 파종기가 빠를수록 천립중이 무거웠고 수량도 증가하였다.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1981년도 제15차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.10-10
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• 1981

갑상설관 낭포는 선천적으로 갑상설관의 잔류물에 기인하여 발생하는 비교적 드문 질환의 하나로 설저에서 갑상선에 이르는 갑상설관의 경로중 어디서나 발견된다. 1961연부터 1980연까지 20연간 국립의료원 이비인후과에 입원, 근치수술을 받은바 있는 62례의 환자를 대상으로 임상적 및 병리조직학적 조사결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 연령분포상 62례중 20세미만이 45례(72.6%)로 대부분이며, 초기증상 발현시기는 10세미만이 36례(58.0%), 병역기간은 1년미만이 23례(37.0%)로 많고, 남여비는 1.2 : 1이다. 2) 증상은 48례(77.4%)에서 낭포촉지, 14례(22.6%)에서 루관을 통한 분필물, 그 외 연하장애 등이 있었다. 3) 위치는 88.7%가 정중위, 1.6%가 우측위, 9.7%가 좌측위며, 설골직하부가 75.8%, 설골직상부가 17.7%, 음저부가 1.6%, 흉골상부가 4.8%이였다. 4) 루관형성 27례중 생후 자연발생이 7례, 인위적발생이 20례이었다. 5) 병리조직학적으로 조직 Slide가 보존된 41례중 5례(12.2%)에서 단일관, 20례(48.8%)에서 다발성이었고 16례(39.0%)에서 관구조를 발견할 수 없었고, 내면상피는 호흡상피와 편평상피가 주되며, 염증반응은 15례에서 루관주위, 7례에서 낭주위에 보였으며 이행성 갑상선조직은 6례(14.6%)에서 발견되었으며, 1례에서 follicular adenoma가 있었다. 6) 술후재발은 Siskrunk type operation을 한 43례중 2례(4.6%), 단순제거술만 시행한 19례중 4례(21.1%)이었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1977

1. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 양송이의 재배(栽培) 및 수확방법(收穫方法)이 다를 때 자실체발생(子實體發生)의 변동상(變動相)을 밝히고 수량(收量)의 조기예측방법(早期豫測方法)을 확립(確立)하고자 실시(實施)하였다. 2. 양송이 수량(收量)은 최초(最初) 30일간(日間)의 채취량(採取量)과 상관(相關)이 높고 다수확재배사(多收穫栽培舍)의 수량구성(收量構成)에 있어서는 중후기(中後期)의 채취량(採取量)과 다소(多小)가 큰 역할(役割)을 하였다. 3 채취시기(採取時期)에 따른 수량(收量)의 변화(變化)는 재배시기(栽培時期)에 따라 다르나 작업관리(作業管理)가 정상상태인 추기재배(秋期栽培) 때는 어린 버섯을 채취(採取)하므로서 초기수량(初期收量)은 감소(減少)하고 후기채취량(後期採取量)은 증가(增加)하였다. 4. Button 채취비율(採取比率) 20~45% 범위(範圍)에서 전수량(全收量)이 증가(增加)하면 Button 채취비율(採取比率)도 증가(增加)하는 경향(碩向)을 보였다. 5 양송이 재배합(栽培舍)은 자실체발생(子實體發生)의 변동(變動)을 조사(調査)하여 재배결과(栽培結果)의 조기예측(早期豫測)을 위한 회귀식(回歸式)을 산출(算出)하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

고추 연작지(連作地)에 있어서 목탄(木炭)의 시용(施用)이 고추의 생육반응(生育反應)과 토양(土壤) 개량(改良)에 미치는 효과(效果)를 알아보기 위하여 20년 이상 고추를 연작한 포장을 선정하여 2년간(年間)에 걸쳐 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 고추의 생육(生育)은 목탄(木炭)의 시용량(施用量)이 많아질수록 촉진(促進)되었으며 생육(生育)이 후기(後期)까지 지속적(持續的)으로 유지(維持)되었고 수량(收量)은 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 역병(疫病)의 발병율(發病率)은 1년차(年次)의 시용량(施用量) 시험에 있어서는 목탄 500kg/10a 처리구(處理區)가 가장 적었는데 무처리(無處理)에 비하여 9%이상 감소(減少)하였다. 2년차 시용립자(施用粒子)의 형태(形態) 시험(試驗)에서는 역병(疫病) 발병율(發病率)이 처리간(處理間)에 유의성(有意性)있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 목탄(木炭)과 목혹액(木酷液)의 혼용효과(混用效果)는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 목탄시용(木炭施用)으로 토양의 pH는 상승(上昇)하였으며 EC는 저하(低下)하였다. 양(陽)이온중(中) Ca 및 Mg의 토양내(土壤內) 잔존량(殘存量)은 목탄시용구(木炭施用區)에서 감소하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 시용(施用) 목탄립자(木炭粒子)의 형태(形態)는 입상목탄(粒相木炭)이 가장 효과적(效果的)이었다. 목탄처리구(木炭處理區)에서 생육중기(生育中期)인 7월에 B/F값이 다소 상승(上昇)하는 경향이었으나 후기(後期)에는 처리간(處理間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

벼 직파재배에서 난방제 잡초인 사마귀풀의 몇가지 생태적 특성 및 토양처리형 제초제에 대한 반응을 조사하였다. 실험조건중 사마귀풀종자의 발아율은 $22^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았으며, 휴면타파를 위한 최적온도는 $4^{\circ}C$ 이었다. 휴면타파를 위한 저장기간에 따른 발아율은 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 발아 율이 높았고 저장 6주부터 95%이상 발아되었다. 발아를 위한 적정 토양수분은 35%(w/w) 범위였고, 파종심도별 출현율은 밭조건에서는 2cm, 논조건에서는 표면에서 가장 높았다. 벼와 사마귀풀의 종간 경합은 사마귀풀의 재식 밀도가 증가됨에 따라 벼의 초장 및 경수는 감소하였다. 포장에서 제초제에 대한 사마귀풀의 방제효과는 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + mefenacet(2.1+105 g ai/10a) 입제와 piperophos+dimethametryn(8.8+2.2 g ai/10a) 입제에서 $91{\sim}98%$의 방제효과를 보였으며, 사마귀풀을 효과적으로 방제하기 위하여 $2{\sim}3$엽기이내에 처리하는 것이 효과적으로 나타났다.