• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-106
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• 1990

This study focuses on consumers' advertising discriminatory competencies and the influencing facors. So the objects of this study are as follows : 1) to identify the overall level of advertising discriminatory competencies. 2) to examine if consumer attitude variables have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competenceis. 3) to examine if the frequencies of contacting advertising variable have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competencies. 4) to examine if socio-economics variables-age, educational level, monthly family income, occupational status-have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competencies. 5) to find out the independent influence of variables related to the ads. discriminatory competencies. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using questionaires and advertisement papers. The data used in this study included 194 Homemakers living in Seoul. The ads. used in this study included ads. of diary products like foods, drinks, medicine, cosmetic, detergent in TV, radio, newspaper and magagine. Statistics were Frequency Distribution, Mean, percentile, ANOVA, Scheff -test, Pearsons' Correlation, Multiple Regrassion Analysis. Major findings were as follows : First, in 26 items(70%) of 37 items measured consumers' ads. discriminatory competencies, the rate of right answer was below 50%, so over the half of consumers were misleaded by the deceptive ads. Second, consumers' ads. discriminatory competencies differed significantly according to consumer attitude variables but no according to the frequency of contacting advertising. Third, according to socio-demographic variables-age, educational level, monthly family income, occupational status-advertising discriminatory competencies differed significantly. In group of lower age, higher educational level, higher income and professional occupation status, the level of ads. discriminatory competencies were high. Forth, the most influencing variabel on ads. disciriminatory competencies were eudcational level and in turn general attitude toward ads., attitude toward consumerism. This three variables explain 22.9% of dependent variable's variance. From these findings, the following suggestions are made, First, the consumer education offering informations and learing practical ads. discriminatory competencies should be conducted for all consumers wheather they are educated or not. Also the education to improve the consumer attitude must be. Second, considering misleading level, the business must make the regulatory standards and reinforce the regulation voluntarily, and by enforcing the regulation of ads. and deciding more diverse, objective and exact standards, the government should keep the consumer's right to know.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.583-591
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• 2007

This study investigated gender differences in science-related attitude and to analyze association patterns among social factors affecting the differences. The relationships between student's science-related attitude and four variables - schools, teachers, friends and parents influencing the attitude were analysed. The questionnaire, which identifies whether the four variables influence students' science-related attitudes, were specially constructed and simultaneously administered with test of science-related attitudes (TOSRA) to 603 subjects: junior high, and high school students. Both boys and girls were not significantly different at TOSRA scores; however, by multiple regression analysis, the boys' TOSRA scores were influenced by the variable of parents and the girls' scores were influenced by teachers and friends. Social factors evoking gender differences on science-related attitude do not influence equally at everyday life of boys and girls. As the gender differences in science-related attitude decrease, perceptual changes of parents and teachers, the two most influential factors to make the differences should be important to drag females in science-related work as a desired occupation for women.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.845-854
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• 2008

Survey reports of election opinions consist of numerous cross-tabulations between socio-demographic variables and political opinions including preferred candidates. Since socio-demographic variables are related each other, duplicate interpretations arise. The aim of this study is twofold: The first is to separate the effects of socio variables such as education, occupation and income from the effects of demographic variables such as region, sex and age. The second is the visualization of multiple cross-tabulations in low-dimensional space by extended doubling technique of correspondence analysis. Survey researchers may get some help from this study to present their survey results more lucidly and visually.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.102-113
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms, self concept and depression in middle aged women. Method: Data were collected through self-reported questionaires which were constructed to include a climacteric symptoms, self-concept and depression of middle-aged women scale. The subjects for this study were 102 women between 40-59 years of age living in P city. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) The relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms and self concept was statistically significant with a negative correlation (r=-0.4862, P0.001). The relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms and depression had a statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.5393, P<0.001). The Relationship between self-concept and depression had a statistically significant negative correlation (r=-0.3769, P<0.001). 2) General characteristic variables significantly related to self reported climacteric symptoms were age (F=3.13, P<0.05) and frequency of pregnancy (F=3.24, P<0.05). General characteristic variables significantly related to frequency of self-concept were age (F=3.13, P<0.05), education level (F=2.97, P<0.05) and occupation (t=1.84, P<0.05). General characteristic variables significantly related to depression were age (F=3.12, P<0.05) and number of children (t=3.59, P<0.05). 3) The obstetrical characteristic variable significantly related to self-reported climacteric symptoms was the frequency of pregnancy (t=3.24, P<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows possible implications for nursing intervention for middle-aged women's health to prevent and relieve climacteric symptoms.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.10 no.1 s.19
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• pp.191-205
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the planning styles and the differences of the level of planning styles according to individuals, family related variables and perceived adequacy of resources. The subjects of the study were 560 wives living in seoul and Daejeon. Survey methods were questionnaire. Data analysis strategies were percentile, frequency, Pearson's correlation, factor analysis, oneway analysis and multiple classification analysis. The major findings were as follows : 1) Planning styles were categorized into three factors. They were labeled resource-centered, goal-centered, constrained planning style. 2) wives tended to more frequently use a goal-centered planning style. 3) The perceived adequacy of health resource, the perceived adequacy of inter-personnal resource and occupation of husband were significant predictors of the level of resource-centered planning style. 4) The perceived adequacy of money resource was significant predictors of the level of constrained planning style. 5) The perceived adequacy of money resource and the age of youngest child were significant predictors of the level of goal-centered planning style.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between perception of family environment and mental health of boy's high school students. In order to obtain the appropriate data, a questionnaire was administered to 240 boy's high school 2nd-grade students in Pohang city from March 19 to March 28, 1992. The instruments used for this study were Moos's Family Environment Scale Form R and Kim's Symptom Check List-90. The conclusions were as follows : The level of perception of family environment was lower than mean score. Cohesion, achievement orientation, independence, organization, expressiveness were percepted high but active-recreational orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation were percepted low. Mental health of most respondents was well. The scores of obsessive-compulsive reaction and interpersonal sensitivity were high, the scores of somatization and phobia were low. General characteristic variables significantly related to the level of perception about family environment were father's occupation and mother's education level. There were no significant differences between general characteristic variables and mental health. There were mostly negative correlations between perception of family environment and mental health. Cohesion, expressiveness, independence, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recerational orientation, moral-religious emphasis, organization were negatively correlated but conflict, achivement orientation, control were positively correlated. Cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, achivement orientation, active-recretional orientation, organization, control were significantly related, but independence intellectual-cultural orientation, moral-religious emphasis were no significant correlation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2007

This study estimated the isoflavone intake level in Koreans using Food Frequency Questionnaire and analyzed related variables. The results showed that the average daily intake of isoflavone in adults was shown as 23.1 mg. The isoflavone intake level at 50 percentile was 16.9 mg ($0{\sim}90\;mg$), and 10% of adults took almost 50 mg of isoflavone a day and 10% took about 5 mg a day. The major food sources for isoflavone in Koreans were in the order of soybean, soybean paste, soy milk, soybean curd (tofu), and bean sprouts; the intake was different depending on age, educational background, occupation, economic standard, and family type. The result showed higher isoflavone intake levels in the group over 30 years old and the highest isoflavone intake in subjects working in farming/fishery, followed by housemakers. According to the differences by families the families with elderly members showed 50% higher isoflavone intake than young families with friends or siblings. Depending on related ecological variables, therefore, various nutrition education programs should be developed for a variety of intakes of soybean foods, along with easy and simple cooking methods as parts of continuous research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.781-792
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to the propensity for symbolic consumption and the effects of materialism, reference group, and social stratification on the symbolic consumption in clothing. Data were administered to 957 adolescence in middle, high school, and college student living in Seoul, Chonju, Sunchon, Yousu, and Kwangyang from May to June 1997. For analysis of the data, frequencies, percentage, means, standard deviation, factor analysis, 1-test, one-way anomia, duncan's multiple range test, and multiple regression analysis were employed. The results of this study can be summarized asfollows. 1) Symbolic consumption, materialism, and reference group were found to have the significant differences according to social stratification groups by objectivemethod. The higher social stratification is, the higher symbolic consumption, materialism, and reference group were. 2) symbolic consumption were proven to have the significant differences according to materiaiism and reference group. The higher materialism and the influence of referencegroup indicated, the higher symbolic consumption. 3)according to the results of the regression analysis examining the relative influences of variables affecting symbolic consumption in clothing, the relative importance of the variables are in order of : the influences of the reference group, materialism, social stratification, status inconsistency type (occupation-income), and their explanatory power totalled 40.0%.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementing level of housewife's manage-ment behavior related to reducing environmental pollution and the effects of three variable-groups on management behavior related to reducing environmental pollution. The research data were collected by structured questionnare and 544 cases were finnally selected. The data analysis was conducted by the method of frequency mean Pearson's correla-tion multiple regression. The major findings were as follows: 1) The implementing level of housewife's overall management behavior slightly high. 2) Wife's value(ecologicalism materialism expediency social-enviromental resources(degree of masscom contact degree of meeting with neighbors. refuse box) were significant predictors of the level of overall management behavior And Background variables(wife's aged and educa-tion level & job household income occupation of husband) had not significant effect on the level of overall management behavior. The most influential variable-group on the level of overall management behavior and buying cleaning & dishwashing cooking laundry activities was Wife's value. But the most influential variable-group on the implementing level of disposing trash was social-environmental resources.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.173-185
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• 1996

The purpose of this study were to understand the types of preferences to housewives' employment of husbands and wives, and to explore the differences in the personal, the family, and the job-related variables regarding such types of preferences. For this study, the employed housewives with children aged under 10 year were surveyed. The results of this study were as follow; 1) Types of perferences to housewives' employment of husbands were smaller compared to wives'. This may mean that husbands' traditional values related to child rearing and education, and housework influenced on their preferences to wives' employment. 2) There were significant differences in the types of preferences to housewives' employment regarding the types of wives' occupation. Wives working in the white color jobs were prefered themselves' employment more than wives working in the blue color jobs. 3) The group that both wives and husbands prefere housewives' employment was more positively perceived the effects of women's employment on both wives themselves and their children. Also such couples were satisfied more than and felt family-job strain less than other groups.