• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.21-40
• /
• 1980

In order to take cue of the dying persons and their survivors in a more positive and affirmative atti-tube. and to understand the valuable meaning of and dying. a survey was performed to 550 cases of health care personnels including 116 nursing students. 238 medical students. 137 nurses. and 59 doctors. Samplings were made through census Procedure from the entire group of medical and nursing students in College of Medicine. Chung-Ang University. and of licenced nurses and doctors in Chung-Ang University Hospital. and in Han-Gang Sacred Heart Hospital from the first to the end of march. 1980. These collected data were computerized at KIST by SPSS programming and were statistically analyzed by chi-square test. Through content analysis of the word associated with death and descriptive analysis of the death-re-lated variables. the following conclusion in is reached. First. Total numbers of death-word percieved by health care personnels were 198 kinds. Among them, 40 kinds of words associated with death were responded from than 1% of the total. As to the 10 death related word responded by free word association method. it was revealed that individual average number of death related word was 7.70 word. which came from higher number of words in the senior students (8.96 word) or the graduates (8.10 word) compared with the freshman (6.84 word). Second. In Content specific analysis of the death related word. more frequently perceived types summarized as the following order; the affective context of death. the diseases. the disasters. the religion, the funeral ceremonies. the separation, the drakness. and the life. Third. The most prevalent 10 words associated with death which the the respondents gave response to the the first recalling word. were as following o order； the dieases. the sadness, the vanity. the darkness, the frustration. the suicide. the incurable dieases, the graves. the dead. and the catastrophes. By sex, the diease is outstanding in females, but the vanity is in males. By occupation. the vanity and the dead was frequently observed in student group including senior students. while the incurable dieases presented by doctors. Fourth. In health care personnels. the first perceived ages of death were 11.47 $\pm$3.33 years (8.14- 15.80 years). Among them. senior students were inclined to percept death at the earliest age of life (11.28years). while doctors and nurses perceived death later in their life (12.98 years). Fifth, It is revealed in this survey that the most frequently responded death perceiving motives by health care personnels ar“psychological conflict”and“death of those around them”. Death perceiving motives can be classified in two factors; personality and life circumstances. Sixth It is of interest that only 11.3% health care personnels was found to feel death as inevitable or acceptable event. whereas 58.3% deny or reject it.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 농촌관광 방문객에게 제공되는 편의시설을 유형화하고 어떤 특징을 가진 방문객이 어떤 편의시설을 선호하는지를 규명하기 위한 방법과 그 분석결과를 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 우선 2단계 군집분석법을 사용하여 농촌관광 편의시설을 유형화하였다. 그 다음으로 군집분석에 사용되는 변인이 범주형 변인이 있을 경우 전통적인 군집분석 방법을 적용할 수 없기 때문에 2단계 군집분석을 하였다. 본 연구는 2단계 군집분석법이 범주형 변인으로 측정된 농촌관광의 편의시설을 유형화하는 데 매우 유용하다는 것을 보여 주고 있다. 다중로짓 모형을 사용하여 특정 편의시설 유형을 선호할 확률에 영향을 미치는 농촌관광 방문자의 사회인구학적 특성과 여행특성을 규명하였다. 즉, 다중로짓 모형을 통해 참조항(일반농가형)으로 설정된 편의시설 유형에 비해 특정 편의시설을 선호할 확률에 영향을 미치는 소비자의 특성을 규명할 수 있다는 것이 본 연구의 특징이다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.11-36
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze health behavior by comparing the difference between self-perceived health status and health examination results. The study subjects consist of 7,702 people aged over 20, surveyed by Health Interview survey, Health Examination survey, Dietary Life survey, Health Consciousness and Behavior survey. Data used in the study are drawn from raw data from a 1998 National Health and Nutrition survey. General characteristics variables are sex, age, education level, residential area, marital status, occupation, and living standard while dichotomous variables, ‘not healthy’ and ‘healthy’ are used to measure self-perceived health status. Variables for health examination results are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, liver diseases, liver inflammation, kidney diseases, normal weight, regular diet, optimum sleeping time(7-8 hours), regular health examination and health behavior practice group. Major findings of the study are as follows: 1) Analysis of self-perceived health status and health behavior by disease: Variables significantly correlated with high self-perceived health status have strong associations with high health behavior practice, which supports the hypothesis that as one has high self-perceived health status, one is more likely to practice health promoting behavior. The results of analysis of health behavior differences by dividing subjects into two categories, ‘cases of illness’ and ‘cases of no illness’ indicate that drinking, sleeping time, health examination are significant variables (p〈0.001, 0.05) whereas smoking, weight control, regular exercise, regular diet are not significant. 2) Analysis of disparity patterns between self-perceived health status and health examination: The hypothesis that health behaviors would be different according to the disparity pattern between self-perceived health status and health examination is supported as a result of χ2 test. Among Type I : Self-perceived health status is high and actual health status is good (no disease) Type II: Self-perceived health status is high and actual health status is poor(have disease) Type III: Self-perceived health status is low and actual health status is good(no disease) Type IN: Self-perceived health status is low and actual health status is poor(have disease) Type I and Type IV show no disparity, Type I shows the highest health promoting behavior whereas Type IV shows the lowest health promoting behavior. Type II, and III, compared to Type I, practise lower health promoting behavior. Multi-logistics regression analysis was conducted to find out the degree of impact on health behavior. Independent variables are general characteristics, self-perceived health status and health examination result and presence of illness, while the dependent variable is health promoting behavior. The analysis of the impact of self-perceived health status on the health promoting behavior shows that smoking, drinking, weight control, regular exercise, health examination practice, and/or regular diet are significantly correlated to self-perceived health status. High self-perceived health status is inversely related to high health promoting behavior. This finding supports the hypothesis that the higher one perceives one's health, the more likely one is to practice health promoting behavior. On the contrary, the presence of illness has little impact on health promoting behavior. 3) Multiple logistics analysis on how disparity patterns between self-perceived health status and health examination affect health behavior: The results of multiple logistics analysis made on health behavior variables compared to the standard variable are as follows: When analyzed on the standard of Type I, smoking is a significant risk factor for the Type IV. In case of drinking, all the patterns show a high probability of relative risk ratio. With regard to weight control, it is a risk factor for Type II while all the patterns show high probability of not practising when analyzed on the standard of type IV. Type III and IV show high probability of not doing regular exercise while Type IV, shows a high probability of not taking appropriate sleeping time. When analyzed on the standard of type IV, all the patterns show a high probability of not taking health examinations. Type III and IV show a high probability of not having regular meals. As for overall health promoting behavior, Type III and IV show a high relative risk ratio. These two groups have low self-perceived health status. It implies that self-perceived health status has significant impact on health promoting behavior. This is also supported by the fact that Type I with high self-perceived health status and no illness shows a high practice rate of health promoting behavior. Types II and III the groups with high disparity between self-perceived health status and health examination results, show a low practice rate of health promoting behavior when compared to Type I. Type IV, that is the group with low self-perceived health status and actual illness, shows the lowest practice of health promoting behavior. It is highly probable that this type proves to be the poorest health group.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권10호
• /
• pp.4467-4474
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 노인여성의 수면의 질 영향요인을 확인하기 위해 실시된 연구로 지역사회 거주 60세 이상 노인여성 198명을 대상으로 연구가 시행되었다. 연구도구로 수면의 질 도구는 Buysse등(1989)이 개발한 PSQI(Pittsburgh sleep quality index), 요실금은 Jackson 등(1996)에 의해 개발된 배뇨증상 도구가 사용되었고, 개별면접을 통하여 자료 수집 하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS ver. 18.0을 이용하여 통계처리를 하였다. 연구결과 노인여성의 수면의 질 PSQI 점수는 $7.09{\pm}4.29$점이었으며, 67.7%이 수면 장애를 겪고 있었다. PSQI의 하위영역에서 주관적인 수면의 질, 수면잠재기, 수면방해에서 수면의 질이 낮았고, 반면 습관적인 수면의 효율성, 수면제 등과 같은 약물 복용, 낮 동안의 기능장애는 상대적으로 경미한 것으로 나타났다. 노인여성의 교육정도, 경제상태, 주관적 건강상태, 가족관계, 규칙적인 운동 등에 따라 수면의 질에 차이가 있었고, 연령, 종교, 직업, 커피섭취 등은 수면의 질에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 연구대상자의 수면의 질 척도 PSQI와 요실금은 순상관관계가 있었고(r=.51, p=.000), PSQI의 하위영역 중 수면방해 요인과 요실금의 상관성이 가장 높았다(r=.465, p=.001). 마지막으로 수면의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 통계적으로 유의하게 나타난 변수는 요실금과 주관적 건강상태이었고 이들 변수의 설명력은 31%이었다.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2012

최근 도시민의 먹거리와 관련한 환경.안전문제, 고령화로 인한 사회복지정책의 효율성 문제 등에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 도시농업의 다양한 기능이 재조명되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 공원이나 녹지, 도시농업농장 등 공공용지의 일부를 활용하여 도시텃밭을 임대하는 방안의 타당성을 검토하고자 신도시 주민들의 지불의사금액을 추정하였다. 분당과 동탄 신도시 주민들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 도시농업 도입에 대한 주민들의 지불의사와 희망 이용행태를 조사하고, 도시 내 텃밭에 대한 지불의사금액을 추정하여 실제 도시근교의 주말농장 이용자들이 지불하고 있는 텃밭임대비용 및 교통비용과 비교하였다. 신도시 내 도시농업 도입에 대한 거주자 지불의사를 1.5양분선택형 조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 이용하여 추정하고 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신도시 주민들을 대상으로 도시농업 이용의사를 조사한 결과 응답자의 72.6%가 도시공원 또는 녹지의 일부를 도시농장으로 조성하여 임대할 경우 이용할 의사가 있다고 응답하였다. 이는 신시가지의 거주자들에게 도시텃밭에 대한 충분한 수요가 잠재되어 있음을 보여주는 결과로 향후 개발사업을 추진하는 과정에서 도시농업 도입의 필요성을 뒷받침한다. 둘째, 도시텃밭 임대에 대한 지불의사금액을 추정한 결과 1구좌($16.5m^2$ 기준)당 연간 약 23만 6천원 정도로 나타났다. 이는 현재 수도권의 도시근교나 외곽에 위치한 주말농장의 텃밭임대료를 상회하는 수준으로 개발사업지구 내 도시텃밭이 조성될 경우 주민들의 지불의사금액이 기존 주말농장의 임대료 수준보다 높음을 보여주었다. 마지막으로 설명 변수 중에서 성별과 나이, 직업이 도시농업 지불의사금액에 영향을 미치는 반면 다른 사회경제적 특성 변수와 도시농장 방문가능횟수, 도시농장 방문시 희망체류시간은 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.57-101
• /
• 2002

These days, the environment of hospital marketing is changing rapidly. The level of expectation and demand of patients have become greater and more diversified, and patients have more alternatives in selecting hospitals. The standard of hospital selection and the type of using hospital have been changed, and competition among hospitals has been accelerated due to the opening of the medical market through globalization. Accordingly, differentiation strategies are critical in hospital marketing. The quality of medical service oriented toward patient satisfaction becomes a strong strategic weapon to secure a hospital's competitive advantage. Therefore, marketing and communication strategies should be focused on patient-oriented, rather than hospital-oriented. Considering the changes in the hospital environment and the increase in the patients' expectation level, this study categorizes doctors' communication styles into four different ones: trust-type, professional-type, cooperation-type, and control-type. The effects of these communication styles on patient satisfaction were empirically examined. The moderating roles of the patient's characteristics and clinical characteristics between the doctors' communication styles and patient satisfaction were also investigated to find out managerial implications for hospital management. To achieve such goals, data were collected from patients of 12 general hospitals in Busan. The data were analyzed to test research hypotheses that examine 1) the relationships between doctors' communication styles and patient satisfaction, 2) the moderating roles of the patient characteristics and clinical characteristics in the research model, and 3) the impact of patient satisfaction on positive word-of-mouth and repurchase. The following summarizes the major results of this research. First, the data showed that patient satisfaction varied across doctors' communication styles. Trust-type style had the strongest impact on patient satisfaction while control-type style had the weakest influence on patient satisfaction. Professional-type style and cooperation-type style also had positive effects on patient satisfaction but the impact of the two are not statistically different. Second, significant differences in terms of patient satisfaction were found depending upon demographic variables such as gender, marital status, age, occupation, and education. Patient satisfaction, however, was consistent across varying income groups. Third, patients' medical insurance types were also related to patient satisfaction. It implies that a doctor may need to use different communication styles depending on a patient's medical insurance type. Fourth, out-patient and in-patient showed a different level of satisfaction with varying communication styles. Fifth, highly professional knowledge and strong control can influence patient satisfaction depending on the characteristics of the patient treatment field. Sixth, patient satisfaction were proved to have significantly positive effects on word-of-mouth and repurchase. The implications drawn from this study must be tempered by its limitations. First of all, the subjects used in this study were patients in Busan and small- and medium-size hospitals were excluded from the research. Therefore, future research should examine the research model by using a variety of hospitals and clinics throughout Korea. Another research agenda has to do with finding more determinant and moderating variables which will increase an explanatory power of the model. In short, this study may be the first empirical research that investigates the effects of doctors' communication styles on patient satisfaction. Interestingly enough, the results showed that each communication style had a unique impact on patient satisfaction. The findings from this research can be very useful in developing hospital marketing strategies.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2010

최근 대형마트를 중심으로 유통업자브랜드(PB) 상품의 확대가 이루어지고 있다. 대형마트는 소비자가 상품을 구입할 때 PB를 또 하나의 고려 상표군으로 인식하길 바라고 있지만, 소비자들의 반응은 여전히 PB상품에 대해 중립적인 입장이다. 즉 소비자마다 각기 다른 평가를 내리고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 PB상품을 구매한 소비자들의 특성을 분석하여 PB상품 개발과 판매에 있어 마케팅적 시사점을 주고자 한다. 본 연구는 서울과 경기 지역에 있는 소비자 설문조사 자료를 이용하였으며 프로빗 모형을 이용하여 PB상품을 구매하는 소비자들의 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 인구통계학적 특성으로는 결혼여부, 소득수준, 거주지역이 PB상품 구매에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났으며, 구매특성으로는 대형마트 방문 빈도가 유의한 요인으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 미혼자보다 기혼자가 PB상품을 구입할 확률이 더 높게 나타나, DM(Direct Mail)발송이나 핸드폰 SMS(Short Message Service) 발송 등 PB상품 판촉활동의 타겟팅에 있어 기혼자에 대한 비중을 높일 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 소득수준과 관련해서는 고소득계층보다 중산층(월소득 301~600만원) 소비자들이, 서울지역보다는 지방 거주 소비자들이 PB상품 구매 확률이 높았다. 이러한 소비자들의 특성은 가격에 민감하기 때문에 소비자를 위한 추가 증정, 사은품 지급, 1+1행사 등을 강화할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 대형마트 방문 빈도가 월 2회 증가할 경우, PB상품을 구매할 확률이 5.3%이상 증가하는 것으로 나타나 소비자들의 내점빈도를 높일 수 있는 재미있는 매장 만들기, 찾아오는 서비스 등 다양한 집객 전략이 필요해 보인다. 결론적으로 PB상품이 단지 가격이 저렴한 일회성 구매 상품이라는 한계를 넘어 NB상품처럼 상품에 대한 로열티를 높이고 지속적 구매가 일어나도록 하기 위해서는 PB상품을 다른 제조업체 브랜드처럼 카테고리 내에서 하나의 고려 상품군(consideration commodity set)이 될 수 있도록 하는 노력이 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1973

This study is designed to meet the following objectives: (1) To study attitude and behavior regarding marriage and age at marriage, (2) To learn correlates of age at marriage and to examine their relations, (3) To measure relative importance of the correlates of age at marriage, and (4) To study relations of age at marriage and family planning practice to fertility and their relative importance as correlates of fertility. The data are obtained by an independent cross-sectional survey in three study areas purposively selected to represent metropolitan. semihuman. rural population. The study population is confined to women age 17-50 as of survey. The overall response rate is 90%. Reliability of data is measured by . individual and aggregate inconsistency based upon a 15% subsample of the original interviews. The individual inconsistency (31%) is found to be high compared to the aggregate inconsistency (6%) for all 85 variables. However, the magnitude of differences between means is small, and the mean absolute shifts and proportional shifts are also small on the whole. In a word respondents did not change their answers too extremely or radically. The study populations of each study area are compared on some basic characteristics. It is found that the three study populations have more dissimilarities than similarities. The findings on seven different attitudinal positions of women toward marriage indicate that there have been tremendous changes in all study areas Iron "traditional" attitudes which have been prevalent for a long time in Korean society to "liberalized" or "modernized" attitudes. An apparent tendency is that women generally take a position of a "golden mean" attitude by not preferring either extreme of marriage attitudes. Nevertheless, the young, single, educated, and urbanite appears more "liberalized. " There has been some increase in ideal age at marriage from 1958 to 1970 for both sexes. No age group, marital status, or study area differentials in ideal age at marriage are found, the average ideal age at marriage in every sub-group being 24-25. Awareness of existing legal marriageable ages is low; only 4.4% are aware that "with parental permission: minimum age for males is 18 years and for females 16 years,"and only 3.7% are aware that "without parental permission: 27 years for males and 23 years for females." People in Korra tend to marry spouses who are in various social ways like themselves: the similarities include (a) education, occupational status of father, (c) economic status, (d) usual residence before marriage, and (e) religion. Both singulars and actual mean ages at marriage in this study confirm the trend of rising age at marriage previously established by other independent studies. The urban-rural differential in age at marriage is observed, but the differential narrows down gradually from 1935 to 1970. All socio-economic, demographic, and other variables pertaining to wife before and at first marriage, excluding (a) religion, (b) father′s of occupation, and (c) as: of menarche, are correlated with respondent's age at first marriage, whereas only three variables out of all socio-economic variables relating to husband before and at wife′s first marriage, viz., (a) education, (b) usual residence, and (c) economic level of his old home, are correlated with respondent′s age at marriage. Among socio-economic and modernity variables related to either husband or wife at the time of survey, only education and duration of residence are correlated with wife′s age at first marriage. Among the correlates of respondent′age at first marriage, education is in general the most important variable. However, it is found that wife′s education is more important than husband′s. The combined effects or the correlates studied explain no more than about 40% of variance for any of the selected groups of variables. Points which might counteract the effects of late marriage on fertility are not serious in Korea. For each of the correlates of the three fertility indices chosen for this study. namely, (a) number of living children, (b) number of live births, and (c) number of pregnancies, age at marriage is the major contributor to the variance in all age groups except the age group of 20-29 in which the index of family planning practice is the major contributor. The proportion of variability in fertility indices accounted for by the correlates is never more than 40% of the total variance in any age group. Based upon the findings from this study, it could be concluded that in the foreseeable future (a) celibate group will no! be increased to a point that would slow down population growth rate in Korea, (b) age at marriage will not increase continually, (c) although education stands out as the major contributing variable which independently explains the variation in age at marriage, it seems probable that education may not be the major variable in the near future, and (d) despite the fact found by this study that age at marriages has been the major contributor to the variance of each of the fertility indices used, family planning practice will play a more important role in the reduction of fertility in the Korean society. Therefore, factors interrupting practice of family planning must be eliminated and family planning program should be strengthened if further fertility reduction is needed.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.20-37
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the differentials in life styles and their effect on the epidermal facial tissue in order to provide a basis for health professionals so that they might better be able to maintain and promote healthy skin care and further delay the premature ageing of the epidermal facial tissue. The subjects consisted of 145 females of various ages who visited skin care room in cerming health promoting behaviors(Park In sook's Profile) and questions on their behavioral practices pertaining to personal skin care were used. The investigation also ess of the four parts of the epidermal facial tissue studied. All data collected wee entered into the SAS program and analyzed for frequency, percentages, the utilized Pusan. The study dates ranged from May 1, 1998 to May 30, 1998. The methods used for this investigation were a questionnaire survey consisting of general objective questions. The questions con a "skin analyzer" to measured levels of moisturizing hydrated, facial oils, and roughnmean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Epidermal facial oil was at its highest levels in the chin area with additional decreasing levels in the forehead and nose regions. The least regions were those of the cheeks. The highest levels of hydration on the other hand started with the forehead followed by the area of the chin, the cheeks and the lowest level of epidermal facial hydration was in the region of the nose. 2. The average score of the performance in the health promoting behaviors variable was 139.51. The variables with the highest degree of the performance were rest and sleeping(35.71). The lowest degree was hiegenic life(23.44). 3. The relationship health promoting behaviors and epidermal condition was not correlated with oil, hydration and roughness of the skin surface. 4. Skin care behavioral characteristics related to epidermal condition were washing style and temperature of washing water. 5. General characteristics related to epidermal condition were occupation, education level, acne and melasma. In conclusion, this study showed that several factors were significant in the behavior of skin care. Clear knowledge of both internal and external factors which affect the epidermal condition will help women to pursue active and appropriate practices in their health behaviors and skin care.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제11권12호
• /
• pp.4833-4842
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 치매노인을 돌보는 가족구성원의 일반적인 특성에 따른 스트레스 차이를 파악하고 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 관련요인을 분석하여 치매노인을 돌보는 가족구성원의 스트레스를 줄이는데 도움을 주고자 시도되었다. 조사대상은 서울 및 경기지역의 치매노인을 돌보는 가족구성원 72명이었다. 치매노인을 돌보는 가족구성원의 성, 연령, 거주지, 결혼상태, 동거가족수, 자녀수, 종교유무, 교육수준, 직업유무, 가계월수입, 치매노인과의 관계, 치매노인 수발년수, 치매노인수발로 인한 증상유무에 따른 스트레스를 t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test 및 다중회귀분석으로 검정하였다. 연구결과 치매노인을 돌보는 가족구성원의 스트레스가 높은 경우는 동거가족수가 1인인 치매노인과 단둘이 사는 경우, 교육수준이 초등학교 졸업 이하인 경우, 한 달 월수입이 200만원 이하인 경우, 치매노인을 돌보면서 증상이 생긴 경우이었다. 본 연구에서 치매노인을 돌보는 가족구성원의 스트레스와 관련이 있는 변수는 여자, 나이가 60-69세인 경우, 동거가족수가 1명으로 치매노인과 단둘이 사는 경우, 교육수준이 초등학교 졸업 이하인 경우, 한 달 월수입이 100-299만원인 경우, 며느리와 아들인 경우이었다. 본 연구에서는 특히 치매노인과 단둘이 사는 경우, 교육수준이 낮은 경우, 가계 월 수입이 적은 경우가 치매노인을 돌보는 가족구성원의 스트레스에 차이를 나타내는 변수이면서 관련요인이 되는 주요변수임을 제시하였다. 따라서 치매노인을 홀로 돌보는 가정, 교육수준이 낮은 가정, 가계 월 수입이 적은 가정에 대한 지원이 치매노인을 돌보는 가족구성원의 스트레스 줄이는데 기여할 것으로 추정된다.