• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.333-354
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• 1990

This study was designed to analyse vertical dysplasia such as open bite or deep bite in persons with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The subjects consisted of 60 control patients, 40 Class III open bite patients and 40 Class III deep bite patients. The mean age was 19.8 years in the control group, 17.8 years in the Class III open bite group and 16.5 years in the Class III deep bite group. The results were as follows: 1. In Class III malocclusion patients, the characteristics of the vertical dysplasia are under the palatal plane. 2. In Class III malocclusion patients, the items showing the characteristics of the vertical dysplasia are mandibular plane angle, lower gonial angle, lower facial height, dental height & inclination of the upper first molar, interincisal angle, maxillary & mandibular occlusal plane angle. 3. In Class III malocclusion patients, LPFH/LAFH ratio shows the highest significance among the facial height ratios. 4. In Class III malocclusion patients, open bite group has a upward cant of maxillary occlusal plane & downward cant of mandibular occlusal plane. And deep bite group has a downward cant of maxillary occlusal plane & upward cant of mandibular occlusal plane. 5. In Class III malocclusion patients, the molar teeth of the open bite group are measially inclined and those of the deep bite group are upright.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.705-717
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• 1995

In clinical prosthetic dentistry the occlusal planes were represented to the dental arch form sagittally and composed of the occlusion morphologically. From now on the determinations of the occlusal planes were done through the facebow transfer and the cephalometric radiography, but they were not exact method for the diagnosis of the stomagnathic function. The purpose of this study is to examine the sagittal characteristics of occlusal planes using panoramic view between the normal subjects and the subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction. 60 normal subjects and 16 subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction were slectec for this investigation. We measured the inclination of occlusal planes to Frankfurt Horizontal plane. The occlusal planes were divided into 4 groups : 1) The plane between the midpoint of upper central incisor and the mesiobuccal cusp of upper 1st molar, 2) The plane between the midpoint of upper central incisor and the mesiobuccal cusp of upper 2nd molar, 3) The plane between the midpoint of upper central incisor and the distobuccal cusp of upper 2nd molar, 4) The plane between the mesiobuccal cusp of 1st molar and the distobuccal cusp of 2nd molar. The results were as follows : 1) The occlusal planes could be determined very easy by using panoramic view, 2) Among the angles between the occlusal planes and the FH plane, the angles related with the 2nd molar were more steep than those of the 1st molar. The angle between the 1st molar and the 2nd molar is the most steep in the other angles. 3) In the angles between occlusal planes and FH plane, the subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction were more significant steep(p<0.05) than the normal subjects.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2017

The popularity of clear overlay retainers (CORs) has increased recently because of their advantages such as better esthetics, cost effectiveness, easy fabrication, and good compliance. However, a deficiency in posterior occlusal settling is a reported limitation of CORs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior occlusal contact changes in a new type of clear orthodontic retainer called Oral-treaper (OTP), which consists of three layers and has stronger mechanical characteristics than do conventional retainers. Three patients who completed fixed orthodontic treatment received OTP as a removable retainer. Cast models were fabricated after the removal of fixed appliances (T1) and after 4 to 11 months of using the retainers (T2). We evaluated all the cast models to compare the post-orthodontic settling pattern during the use of the OTPs. The depth of occlusal contacts was evaluated using color maps. The OTP did not prevent vertical settling in all patients but resulted in an improvement in posterior occlusal contact points.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2022

Objective: Planning of incisal position is crucial for optimal orthodontic treatment outcomes due to its consequences on facial esthetics and occlusion. A systematic summary of the proposed parameters is presented. Methods: Studies on Google Scholar^©, PubMed^©, and Cochrane Library, providing quantitative information on optimal central incisor position were included. Results: Upper incisors supero-inferior position (4-5 mm to upper lip, 67-73 mm to axial plane through pupils), antero-posterior position (3-4 mm to Nasion-A, 3-6 mm to A-Pogonion, 9-12 mm to true vertical line, 5 mm to A-projection, 9-10 mm to coronal plane through pupils), bucco-lingual angulation (4-7° to occlusal plane perpendicular on models, 20-22° to Nasion-A, 57-58° to upper occlusal plane, 16-20° to coronal plane through pupils, 108-110° to anterior-posterior nasal spine), mesio-distal angulation (5° to occlusal plane perpendicular on models). Lower incisors supero-inferior position (41-48 mm to soft-tissue mandibular plane), antero-posterior position (3-4 mm to Nasion-B, 1-3 mm to A-Pogonion, 12-15 mm to true vertical line, 6-8 mm to coronal plane through pupils), bucco-lingual angulation (1-4° to occlusal plane perpendicular on models, 87-94° to mandibular plane, 68° to Frankfurt plane, 22-25° to Nasion-B, 105° to occlusal plane, 64° to lower occlusal plane, 21° to A-Pogonion), mesio-distal angulation (2° to occlusal plane perpendicular on models). Conclusions: Although these findings can provide clinical guideline, they derive from heterogeneous studies in terms of subject characteristics and reference methods. Therefore, the optimal incisal position remains debatable.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2004

It is the purpose of this study to characterize oral symptoms and to comprehend the cause and the relapse possibility of patients with open bite. This case study examines the orthodontic treatment of a group of female patients with open bite and Angle's Class I malocclusion. A cephalograph of the patient was taken and tracing of the radiograph was completed. In addition to Bjork and Ricketts analysis, additional measurements of specific areas were taken. The occlusal plane was determined by drawing a line connecting the mesiobuccal cusp tip of the maxillary first molar and the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisors. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the relationship between the marginal ridge of the maxillayy first premolar and the drawn line. Those patients with marginal ridges above the occlusal plane were placed into Group 1, while Group 2 subjects exhibited marginal ridges lower than the occlusal plane. The common characteristics within each group and the characteristic differences between each group both prior to and after orthodontic treatment were examined, and finally, the functional oral volume of each patient was analyzed. The results of the case study were as follows: 1. An examination of the skeletal relationship and anatomical form for both Group 1 and 2 showed that all subjects exhibited hyperdivergent skeletal forms, but Group 2 subjects generally demonstrated underdevelopment of the mandible and a smaller articular angle, resulting in an anterior positioning tendency of the mandible. 2. An analysis of the maxillary arches of Group 1 subjects prior to and after orthodontic treatment showed that the antero-inferior direction had changed to an antero-superior directional tendency, while the maxillary arches of the Group 2 patients showed a trend from an antero-superior direction to an antero-inferior relationship. The mandibular arches in both groups showed a change to an antero-superior direction. 3. Functional space analysis showed that Group 2 patients exhibited a greater tendency of haying palatal planes that drop in a postero-inferior direction, resulting in a more severe open bite than their Group 1 counterparts. The results of this case study show that although patients belonging to either Group 1 or 2 exhibited few external differences in the appearance of open bite, an examination of the dental and skeletal relationships by analyzing patient cephalographs showed that patients presenting with flat maxillary occlusal planes exhibited more severe open bite relationships than patients with curved occlusal planes.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of occlusal stability to identify action mechanisms of mouthguards, known to have a modulatory effect on limb muscle function. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included 20 male subjects to perform the isokinetic muscle tests and the Wingate anaerobic power test on both knee joints under five closed-mouth conditions: without or with 4 types of mouthguards with thickness of 2 mm based on premolar area: (1) full-coverage, (2) anterior partial-coverage, (3) right posterior partial-coverage, and (4) left posterior partial-coverage. The obtained results were subjected to One-way ANOVA with repeated measures, followed by post hoc test of the contrast method (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. There was no significant difference between the closed position with and without a full-coverage mouthguard in all variables. However, significant differences were observed between with and without a partial-coverage mouthguard in muscular endurance during extension of the left knee, muscular power and endurance during flexion of the right knee. Additionally, significant differences were found between occlusal states with full- and partial-coverage mouthguards in muscular power and endurance during extension of the left knee. CONCLUSION. These findings indicate the elevation of vertical dimension by 2 mm or the inducement of occlusal stability had little effect on isokinetic muscle strength and anaerobic performance, while uneven distribution of occlusal force might have some positive effects.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.247-273
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental arch morphology and the occlusal characteristics in the Koreans from the dental-anthropological point of view. The sample consisted of dental stone casts obtained from 120 Korean adults and 142 Japanese adults. Japanese casts and Caucasian data had been preserved at the Dept, of Orthodontics of Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Tooth size and dental arch morphology of the Koreans were compared with that of the Japanese. On the other hand, the variations of 30 crown traits, categorized and quantitatively graded, were compared between two peoples and the frequency distribution of each crown traits were analyzed by means of Chi-square test. The results were summerized as followings ; 1. There was a significant sexual difference in dental arch length and width in the Korean, in which male had a longer and wider dental arch than female. There was a close resemblance for dental arch morphology between the Koreans and the Japanese, except for a little longer mandibular arch of the Japanese. 2. In general, Korean male had wider crown than female, particulary in central incisor,canine,1st molar of maxilla and canine, 1st and 2nd molar of mandible with significance. The Korean had wider maxillary first molar, smaller mandibular first and second molar than the Japanese in both sex. 3. In crown traits of the Korean, shovel-shaped incisor showed lower frequency distribution than in the Japanese, but higher than in the Caucasians. Frequency of incisor reduction was shown higher distribution than in the Japanese and the Caucasians. Carabelli's tubercle showed higher frequency distribution than in Japanese, but remarkably lower than in Caucasians.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.367-394
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate self perception of occlusal status and recognition for orthodontic treatment as well as the prevalence of orthodontic treatment need objectively and subjectively. 3979 (male 2107, female 1872) school students of age 7~18 were analyzed by questionnaire and clinical examination and the results were as follows, 1. Perception of occlusal status on one's own was more generous than that of orthodontist's and it was affected by the factors such as age, patterns of malocclusion. 2. Recogniuon of subjective need for orthodontic treatment was more generous than that of objective need for the treatment, and factors such as age and sex of patient, parents' age and rate of education, income, occupation, classification of malocclusion and regional discrepancy were influenced. 3. Negative aspect of orthodontic treatment was influenced by the environmental factors. 4. A survey of want for orthodontic treatment showed one's alteration in recognition of the occlusal status with age and esthetic component was much more emphasized than functional component. 5. The multivariate discriminanat analysis for orthodontic treatment group showed that mother's rate of education, classification of malocclusion, demographic characteristics were critical in the determination of treatment group. 6. Test of inter-examiner reliability showed moderate coincidence.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is designed to analyse etiology and bone pattern at the first visit using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate the treatment outcome of conservative treatment in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: One hundred condyles in 50 subjects with RA were chosen among the patients who presented to the Department of Oral Medicine of Pusan National University Dental Hospital, diagnosed as TMD. Condylar bone changes were classified by normal, erosive bony change, proliferative bony change and combined group (erosive bony change+proliferative bony change). They were treated conservatively with physical therapy, medication, behavioral therapy and/or occlusal stabilizing splint therapy. After 3 months on average, patients were re-evaluated with regards to subjective symptoms and the clinical findings were investigated. Results: TMD patients with RA have behavioral contributing factors such as parafunctional habit. The results that analyse bone pattern at the first visit using CBCT proliferative bony changes group (32.6%) were more common than erosive bony changes group (15.2%). In comparison between unilateral and bilateral bony change in temporomandibular joint, the ratio showed no significant differences. After 3 months of conservative treatments, pain, noise, limitation of motion (LOM) were markedly improved regardless of occlusal splint therapy. However only LOM was significantly improved through occlusal splint therapy during 3 months. Conclusions: TMD patients with RA had similar behavioral contributing factors and characteristics of CBCT images shown in general TMD patients and also similar response to conservative treatment so it is difficult to differentiate. Therefore when TMD patients show symptoms corresponding to clinical diagnostic criteria of RA at the first visit, serological testing should be conducted and through this, early diagnosis and treatment of RA should be initiated.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the characteristics of malocclusions in scoliotic patients through clinical examinations. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and 48 patients with congenital scoliosis (CS) participated in the study. A randomly selected group of 152 orthopedically healthy children served as the control group. Standardized orthodontic and orthopedic examination protocols were used to record the occlusal patterns and type of scoliosis. Assessments were made by three experienced orthodontists and a spinal surgery team. The differences in the frequency distribution of occlusal patterns were evaluated by the chi-squared test. Results: In comparison with patients showing IS, patients with CS showed a higher incidence of Cobb angle ≥ 45° (p = 0.020) and included a higher proportion of patients receiving surgical treatments (p < 0.001). The distribution of the Angle Class II subgroup was significantly higher in the IS (p < 0.001) and CS (p = 0.031) groups than in the control group. In comparison with the healthy controls, the CS and IS groups showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) frequencies of asymmetric molar and asymmetric canine relationships, upper and lower middle line deviations, anterior deep overbite, unilateral posterior crossbite, and canted occlusal plane, with the frequencies being especially higher in CS patients and to a lesser extent in IS patients. Conclusions: Patients with scoliosis showed a high frequency of malocclusions, which were most obvious in patients with CS.