• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1611-1616
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sodium nitrate consumption on egg quality and quantity, and some blood parameters of native breeder hens of West Azerbaijan province. One hundred native hens were used from wk 25 to 32 of age. These birds were divided into two groups. One group was fed the control diet (CD) but the other fed the same diet supplemented with 4.2 g/kg sodium nitrate (ND). After 2 wks of adaptation, eggs were collected daily and egg mass and egg production were measured weekly for five weeks. To assess the egg quality parameters, two eggs from each replicate pen were collected for three consecutive days each week. At the end of experimental period (wk 32 of age), blood samples of 5 birds per replicate were collected from the wing vein into anticoagulant tubes. Dietary sodium nitrate didn't affect the egg production, shell stiffness, shell thickness and Haugh unit (p>0.05) but it decreased the both egg production and egg mass during the last three weeks (wks 30, 31 and 32) (p<0.05). Furthermore, a treatment effect was observed for yolk colour (p<0.05). Both the egg production and egg mass were increased over time (p<0.05). No significant treatment${\times}$time interaction was observed for egg weight, egg production and egg mass (p>0.05). No effect of time or treatment${\times}$time were observed for shell stiffness (p>0.05). Over time, shell thickness was decreased while Haugh unit increased (p<0.05). None of the blood TP and TG or the activity of ALT, AST and LDH enzymes were affected by dietary consumption of sodium nitrate at wk 32 of age (p>0.05). Sodium nitrite decreased both the TAC and TC at wk 32 of age (p<0.001). It was concluded that the lower body antioxidant capacity of nitrate fed birds resulted in the lower performance (egg weight, egg production and egg mass).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.643-648
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• 2008

본 연구는 효모와 젖산균을 이용하여 sourdough을 제조하고 이것을 첨가하여 만든 식빵의 제조 특성, 식미 및 저장성에 미치는 효과를 연구하였다. Sourdough 30, 50, 100%를 각각 첨가 시 1차 발효 후 젖산균과 효모의 생육에서 젖산균수는 $10^{9-10}CFU/g$로 크게 증가함을 나타내었고, 효모는 젖산균의 생육에 의해 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 빵의 관능적 평가는 sourdough가 첨가된 빵인 경우 다소 신맛을 나타내었고 식감과 조직감은 대조구와 유의성이 없었으며 종합적 기호도에서는 sourdough 100% 첨가한 빵이 선호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 빵의 저장성에서 sourdough 첨가 식빵은 6일만에 곰팡이가 발생하여 3일만에 곰팡이가 발생한 대조구에 비해 보존기간이 늘어나는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 세균과 곰팡이의 오염도에 있어서도 sourdough 첨가량이 증가할수록 미생물의 균수가 적게 나타났다. Sourdough 첨가시 빵의 노화속도는 sourdough가 30, 50 및 100%로 첨가량이 증가할수록 대조구에 비해 각각 13, 20 및 36% 지연되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2012

Background Many topical hemostatics are widely applied for bleeding control. They can be classified into two categories according to their mechanism of action on the clotting cascade in a biologically active or passive manner. Passive hemostatics include cellulose and gelatin. We performed an experimental study to compare the effect of passive hemostatics in wound healing by applying them to a rectus abdominis muscle defect of white mice. Methods Surgicel is a sterile absorbable knitted fabric prepared by the controlled oxidation of regenerated cellulose. Spongostan is an absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge. In 30 mice, a $1{\times}1$ cm defect was created on the rectus abdominis muscle and the materials were applied in three ways: control group, cellulose (Surgicel) group, gelatin (Spongostan) group. For the histologic analysis, biopsies were performed at 3 and 28 days. Results After 3 days, the cellulose group showed limited granulation formation with acute inflammatory reactions similar to the control group. At the 28th day, moderate amounts of granulation tissue formation was observed with milder inflammatory reactions than the control group. In the gelatin group, after 3 days, gelatin remnants were observed surrounded by severe inflammatory changes. After 28 days, the same quantity of gelatin remnants could be still observed. Conclusions This study suggests that cellulose is associated with minimal morbidity in wound healing, while the use of gelatin shows severe adverse tissue reactions with delayed wound healing. Consequently, cellulose is better than gelatin when considering wound healing.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.356-356
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• 2017

A field experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of tillage systems and fertilizer management on yield and nutrient uptake in Soybean. The plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of conventional tillage were much higher those observed for no-tillage. Significant differences in plant height were observed under tillage practices combined with fertilizer treatment. However, the greatest plant height (128.47 cm) was observed in conventional tillage with chemical fertilizer, and the lowest (45.4 cm) was observed in the no-tillage with green manure treatment. The highest fresh weight (172.4 g) and dry weight (44.1 g) were observed from the no-tillage chemical treatment in the late flowering stage of soybean. The plant concentration of nitrate was higher (2.29%) in no-tillage with green manure than it was with chemical fertilization. However, nitrogen increased steadily in all treatments, and the highest quantity of total nitrogen (476.7 Kg/ha) was observed in no-tillage with green manure. The N content in the soil decreased gradually just after the vegetative stage. Tillage practices and additional fertilizer application had an adverse effect on the uptake of N, P and K in soybean seeds. The nitrogen concentration in seeds was found to be increased in the no-tillage with green manure treatment. The uptake of more nitrogen induced a better yield. Thus, the no-tillage with green manure treatment had the greatest yield, although no significant difference was observed among foliar-applications and additional fertilization. Additionally, the phosphorus and potassium concentrations in seeds remained the same between the conventional tillage and no-tillage treatments. The results obtained in this study indicate that no-tillage strategies with fertilizers may influence the growth characteristics and mineral uptake in soybean.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제8권
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• pp.101-111
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• 1967

일당(日當) PMA $30{\gamma}$제I군(第I群), $3{\gamma}$제II군(第II群),그리고 $0.3{\gamma}$제III군(第III群)씩 90 일간(日間) 투여(投與)한 가토(家兎)에 있어서, 주요(主要) 장기(臟器)에 일어난 병리조직학적변화(病理組織學的變化)와 배설물(排泄物) 및 간장중(肝臟中)의 수은함유량(水銀含有量) 분석결과(分析結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 신장(腎臟) : 제I군(第I群)에 있어서는 근위곡뇨세관상피세포(近位曲尿細管上皮細胞)에 심(甚)한 공포형성(空胞形成)과 혼탁종창(混濁腫脹)이 있었고, 근위직뇨세관상피세포(近位直尿細管上皮細胞)에 심(甚)한 혼탁종창(混濁腫脹) 및 응고괴사(凝固壞死)가 있었다. 또한 다수(多數)의 초자양원주(硝子樣圓柱)를 집합관내(集合管內)에서 볼수 있다. 제II군(第II群)에있어서나 위곡뇨세관상피세포(爲曲尿細管上皮細胞)에 중정도(中程度)의 공포형성(空胞形成) 및 혼탁종창((混濁腫脹)이있었고, 근위직뇨세관상피세포(近位直尿細管上皮細胞)에 중정도(中程度)의 혼탁혼탁종창(混濁混濁腫脹) 및 응고괴사(凝固壞死)가 있었다. 집합관내(集合管內)에는 소수(少數)의 초자양원주(硝子樣圓柱)가 있었다. 제II군(第II群)에 있어서는 근위곡세뇨관(近位曲細尿管) 및 근위직세뇨관상피세포(近位直尿細管上皮細胞)에 경도(輕度)의 혼탁종창(混濁腫脹)만을 보였다. 2. 간장(肝臟): 제I군(第I群)에 있어서, 간소엽(肝小葉)은 중심(中心)으로 혼탁종창(混濁腫脹), 지방변화(脂肪變化) 및 응고괴사(凝固壞死)를 보였고, 간세포색(肝細胞索)의 해리(解離)가 있었다. 제II군(第II群)에 있어서는 간소엽(肝小葉)은 간세포색(簡細胞索)의 정상구조(正常構造)를 유지(維持)하면서 활발(活潑)한 간세포증생(肝細胞增生)을 보였다. 제III군(第III群)의 간장조직(肝臟組織)은 병리학적변화(病理學的變化)를 보이지 않았다. 3. 비장(脾臟): 제I군(第I群)에있어서 혈철소(血鐵素)의 침착(沈着)이 현저(顯著)하였고 제II군(第II群)에서는 소량(小量)의 혈철소침착(血鐵素沈着)을 보였다. 제III군(第III群)에서는 별(別)다른 병리학적소견(病理學的所見)이 없었다. 4. 부신(副腎), 결장(結腸) 및 심장(心臟)은 각군(各群)에 있어서 아무런 병리적변화(病理的變化)를 보이지 안항T다. 5. 배설물중(排泄物中)의 수은함유량(水銀含有量)은 제I군(第I群)에 있어서는 총급여수은량(總給與水銀量) 0.45g에 대(對)해서 약(約) 76.5%가 배설(排泄)되었고 제II군(第II群)에 있어서는 85.44%, 제(第)III에 있어서는 79.89%가 각각(各各) 배설(排泄)되었다. 6. 간장중(肝臟中)의 수은함유량(水銀含有量)을 보면 제I군(第I群)에서 0.0348 g, 제II군(第II群)에서는 0.00378 g, 그리고 제III군(第III群)에서 0.00066 g이었다. 7. 일반적(一般的)으로 수은(水銀) 투여량(投與量)이 많으면 많을수록간장(肝臟)에서의 수은(水銀) 축적농도(蓄積濃度)가 높으나 총투여량(總投與量)에 대(對)한 축적량(蓄積量)은 이와 반대(反對)의 경향(傾向)을 보였다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1985

非姙娠 女子, 姙娠된 女子 및 正常인 男子의 血漿蛋白質을 SDS/polyacrylamide 젤 電氣泳動으로 分析하였다. 分子量 10,000에서 110,000 dalton 사이의 正常인 男子와 非姙娠 女子의 血漿蛋白質의 패턴은 同一하였다. 本 硏究에서 非姙娠 女子와 姙娠된 女子의 血漿蛋白質을 比較하였을 때 새로운 band들이 나타나지는 않았지만 어떤 蛋白質 band들은 姙娠의 初期, 中期 및 末期에 따라서 量的으로 增加 EH는 減少되었다. 各 band들의 分子量을 測定한 結果 分子量 76,000 dalton 以上의 蛋白質들이 姙娠中 增加 또는 減少되어 짐을 알 수 있었다. 즉 分子量 86,00 dalton의 蛋白質은 姙娠 中期 까지는 增加되지 않았으나 姙娠 末期에는 增加되었다. 分子量 91,000-105,000 dalton 사이의 蛋白質들은 姙娠의 期間이 길어짐에 따라 대체로 量이 增加되었다. 反面에 分子量 94,000 dalton의 蛋白質은 姙娠 中期 까지는 量이 若干 減少 되었으나 末期에는 오히려 增加되었다. 그리고 分子量 99,000 dalton의 蛋白質은 姙娠 初期까지는 變化가 없었으나 中期에서 末期로 감에 따라 漸次的으로 增加되었다. 그러므로 우리들은 姙娠된 女子 血漿의 蛋白質 패턴을 調査함으로써 姙娠의 期間을 알 수 있음을 提示하는 바이다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2006

In oral and maxillofacial surgery, bone graft is very important procedure for functional and esthetic reconstruction. So, many researcher studied about bone graft material like autogenous bone, allograft bone and artificial bone materials. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quantity of bone generation induced by $Grafton^{(R)}$ graft, human allogenic demineralized bone matrix. Total 24 sites of artificial bony defects prepared using trephin bur(diameter 8 mm) on parietal bone of six adult New Zealand White rabbits. Experimental group had six defect sites which grafted $Grafton^{(R)}$(0.1 cc). Active control group had nine defect sites, into which fresh autogenous bone harvested from own parietal bone was grafted and passive control group had nine defect sites without bone graft. After six weeks postoperatively, the rabbits were sacrificed. The defects and surrounding tissue were harvested and decalcified in 10% EDTA, 10% foamic-acid. Specimens were stained with H&E. New bone area percentage in whole defect area was measured by IMT(VT) image analysis program. Quantity of bone by $Grafton^{(R)}$ graft was smaller than that of autograft and larger than that of empty defects. In histologic view $Grafton^{(R)}$ graft site and autograft site showed similar healing progress but it was observed that newly formed bone in active control group was more mature. In empty defect, quantity and thickness of new bone formation was smaller than in $Grafton^{(R)}$-grafted defect. $Grafton^{(R)}$ is supposed to be a useful bone graft material instead of autogenous bone if proper maintenance for graft material stability and enough healing time were obtained.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권6_1호
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• pp.1483-1490
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• 2023

Aqua/ MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 위성의 노후화에 따라 Suomi-NPP/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) 위성영상을 활용한 작황 평가 가능성을 분석하기 위해 미국 일리노이주 옥수수, 콩 재배지를 대상으로 2012년부터 2022년까지 11년동안 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 변화 특성을 분석하였다. MODIS, VIIRS NDVI는 0.98 이상의 높은 상관계수를 보였다. 그러나 작물이 급격히 성장, 쇠락하는 시기에는 VIIRS NDVI가 MODIS에 비해 0.12~0.14 정도 높은 값을 보였다. NDVI를 기반으로 생육이상 등급을 추정한 결과 2018, 2019년 옥수수, 콩의 생육이상 등급은 유사한 변화 경향을 보였다. 그러나 2022년에는 생육등급의 차이가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. MODIS 및 VIIRS 위성영상 NDVI와 옥수수, 콩 수량의 상관계수는 0.8 이상의 높은 값을 보여 MODIS 위성영상뿐 아니라 VIIRS 위성영상을 활용한 수량 추정 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. VIIRS 위성영상 NDVI의 경우 콩 수량 추정에서 작물 증가 추세를 제외하는 것이 상관성을 높여주는 것으로 나타났으며, MODIS에 비해서 NDVI와 수량의 상관성이 16일 정도 이른 시기부터 높은 경향을 보여 조기 추정에 대한 가능성도 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권4호통권94호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to promote the substitution of rice flour for wheat flour in making bread and thus the consumption of rice by examining the effect of particle size of rice flour on leavening rice bread. For this purpose, several experiments were carried out. With regard to particle size distribution, 59.45% of wheat flour had passed 200 mesh and 3 kinds of rice flour milled to penetrate into 20, 35, and 45 mesh (S1, S2 and S3) had passed 21.88%, 33.1% and 36.38% of those for 200 mesh, respectively. To leaven the rice flour dough to bread, 25% of vital gluten was needed. To determine the optimal water quantity for rice bread dough, the hardness of wheat and rice flour dough was measured by rheometer. The appropriate water quantity for S1, S2 and S3 was set at 285 ml , 295 ml and 335${\sim}$340m1, respectively. The loaf volume index of the wheat flour bread was 6.24, while that of and rice flour bread S1, S2 and S3 was 5.38, 5.50 and 5.75, respectively. These results indicated that the loaf volume index of rice flour bread is lower than that of wheat flour bread, but that the volume of rice flour bread was increased with fuel particle size of rice flour. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), image of the wheat bread tissue at a magnification of 35 times showed long, large, oval-shaped, air cells and thin cell membrane, as well as small air cells, whereas the images of rice flour showed angular, circular, air cells and rough and thick cell membrane. The size and number of air cells in the rice bread were larger in S2 and S3 with fuel particle flours than in S1. In particular, the bread made with S3 contained many air cells that were as large as those in the wheat bread were. In addition, when the inner cell wall was magnified 1500 times, almost no small air cell was observed in C and S3, whereas many fine air cells were observed in the cell wall of S1 and S2.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2004

Nutrient utilization and plasma level of minerals were studied in lactating crossbred cows fed diet supplemented from different source of minerals. Twelve crossbred cows of first to third lactation during their mid stage of lactation were distributed equally under two groups and were fed concentrate mixture, green fodder (para grass) and finger millet straw as per requirement. Cows in group I were fed concentrate mixture supplemented with 1% mineral mixture whereas cows in group II were not supplemented with mineral mixture in the concentrate mixture but were offered additional quantity of green fodder (1 kg DM/cow/day) to compensate for the requirement of minerals. Balance study conducted towards the end of 120 days of feeding experiment indicated that the total dry matter intake in both the groups did not differ significantly. The cows in group II offered additional quantity of green fodder consumed significantly (p<0.05) more of green fodder (5.11 vs. 4.51 kg /animal/day) and the cows in group I consumed significantly (p<0.01) more of finger millet straw (1.71 vs. 0.92 kg/animal/day). The digestibility of major nutrients did not differ between the groups except for ether extract which was significantly (p<0.05) lower in cows fed additional green fodder. The total daily intake of P, Cu, Fe and Co did not differ significantly in both the groups whereas significantly higher intakes of Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn were observed in cows supplemented with inorganic source of minerals. However, supplementation through both the sources could meet the mineral requirement in group I and group II. The gut absorption (%) of all the minerals was comparable between the groups except for Mg which was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cows supplemented mineral mixture. The net retention of all the minerals was significantly more in the group supplemented with inorganic source of minerals. Except for P, Mg and Co the retention as percentage of total intake was comparable for all minerals in both the groups. Irrespective of source of mineral supplementation the average monthly blood plasma mineral levels (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe) were within the normal range and comparable between the groups. Lower level of Cu observed at the start of the experimental feeding in both the groups increased with the advancement of supplemental feeding. The plasma Zn and Fe content in cows of both the groups did not vary. The blood plasma level of some minerals (Ca, P, Mg and Cu) was significantly higher towards the end of experimental feeding as compared to the initial values due to the reduction in milk yield with advancement of lactation or due to supplemental effect of minerals. It could be concluded that supplementation of minerals through inorganic source is better utilized in terms of retention as compared to green fodder (para grass), which is a moderate source of most nutrients.