• Title/Summary/Keyword: Observed quantity

Search Result 622, Processing Time 0.093 seconds

Effects of Schizandra chinensis BAILL on Lipid Lowering and Antioxidant in Hyperlipidemic Rat

  • Lim, Sang-Cheol;Lee, Eun
    • Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.7 no.3
    • /
    • pp.216-221
    • /
    • 2004
  • The present study examined the effects of Schizandra chinensis extract on the serum lipid composition and the antioxidant of rats in which obesity was induced through high fat diet. Fifty male Sprague-Dawely rats weighing 163.91$\pm$4.17g on the average were adjusted to basic diet and laboratory environment and were fed with high fat diet freely for 6 weeks to induce obesity. Forty rats, the final weight of which was 400g, were selected and were divided into a control group(C), treated groups(T I ; body weight of 100mg/kg, TII ; 150mg/kg and TIII ; 200mg/kg), 10 heads of similar weight for each, and test breeding was performed for 4 weeks. During the test breeding, all treated groups were fed with basic diet and difference in intake among the treated groups were maintained to be less than 5%. According to the result, the quantity of Triglyceride in serum was lower in all of the groups treated with Schizandra chinensis than the control group, but the difference was not significant except the treated group of 200mg (P>0.05). The quantity of Total cholesterol in serum was significantly lower in all the groups treated with Schizandra chinensis than in the control group (P<0.05) but differences according to the quantity of Schizandra chinensis applied were not observed. The quantity of HDL-cholesterol was not significantly different among all the groups including the control group (P<0.05) and no regular tendency of change in the quantity was observed according to the quantity of Schizandra chinensis applied. The quantity of LDL-cholesterol was lower in all the groups treated with Schizandra chinensis, but the treated group of 100mg was not significantly different from the control group. The quantity of TBARS in serum was lower in all the groups treated with Schizandra chinensis than in the control group (P<0.05), but no regular tendency of change in the quantity was observed according to the quantity of Schizandra chinensis applied. The quantity of liver TBARS was not significantly different among all the treated groups (P>0.05). The levels of glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and catalase activity were higher in all the groups treated with Schizandra chinensis treated group than in the control group (P<0.05), and the treated group of 200mg showed the highest activity among the treated groups.

  • PDF

How Much Discrepancy Can Happen from BIM-based Quantity Take?

  • Kim, Seong-Ah;Chin, Sangyoon
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
    • /
    • 2015.10a
    • /
    • pp.263-267
    • /
    • 2015
  • Stakeholders of a construction project expect cost savings through fast and accurate cost analysis by performing BIM-based quantity take-off (BQT). However, authors have observed that there can be discrepancies in the results of BQT depending on the level of development (LOD) and modeling methods. In addition, since quantity take-off methods are different depending on the construction work items, the combination of LOD, modeling methods of BIM, features of construction work items can cause serious overestimate or underestimate in BQT results. It is necessary to identify what kind of problems can happen and how those problems can be avoided in various construction work items, since the discrepancy of quantity take-off results has great impact on not only cost analysis but also the determination of contract amount and it can cause claims, poor construction quality, cost overruns, and many others later in the construction project. Therefore, this paper focuses the identification of issues and problems of BQT at each construction work item level based on two categorizations of structural works and interior works.

  • PDF

An Effect Analysis of Subtracting Rebar Volumes in Reinforced Concrete Members on Quantity Take-off (콘크리트 내 철근 부피 공제가 물량산출에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Jong-Min;Kim, Seong-Ah;Chin, Sang-Yoon
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
    • /
    • v.13 no.6
    • /
    • pp.24-32
    • /
    • 2012
  • Reinforced Concrete is the most dominant structure type for buildings in South Korea. Reinforced Concrete is one of materials having the most cost and quantity at construction projects. It is important to manage concrete quantity so that the total project cost is not affected due to underestimate or overestimate of its quantity. Generally the concrete quantity is taken-off based on the volume of the space inside forms without subtracting volumes of rebar embedded, which cannot be considered to make quite accurate results. Resource waste and extra cost due to over or under estimate of quantity occur since they cannot estimate accurate quantity at practices. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of the volume for rebars embedded in reinforced concrete members. By comparing the quantity based on the existing method with the one from BIM data, it was found that about 1~2% of quantity discrepancy was observed while the typical concrete waste rate is 1 % at the current practice.

Effects of Leaf Loading Quantity and Circulating Air Volume on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics during Curing in Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves. (열풍건조시 적입 및 송풍량에 따른 황색종 연초엽의 이화학성 변화)

  • 석영선;노재영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.48-56
    • /
    • 1992
  • This studies were carried out to investigate the effects of leaf loading quantity and circulating air volume during bulk curing on the variation of physical and chemical characteristics in flue-cured tobacco. The results are as follows : 1. The content of sugar in cured leaves was decreased with more circulating air volume and leaf loading quantity at bulk curing. 2. Total nitrogen and protein nitrogen were decreased with less circulating air volume and more leaf loading quantity, while amino nitrogen was increased. 3. The contents of linolenic acid and linoleic acid were increased with more leaf loading quantity and oxalic acid and citric acid had a tendency of being increased in case of high circulating air volume. 4. In general, major aromatic compounds were increased through flue-curing. Relatively high content of solanone in case of lower air volume and less leaf loading were observed, while megastig matrienone was increased when leaf loading was small. 5. The more circulation air volume with leaf loading quantity caused lowering equilibrium moisture content and higher shatter index, which resulted in poor quality of cured leaves based on quality index, nitrogen number, taste index phillips index, and sugar-nicotine ratio.

  • PDF

A Study of the Seepage through Sand-Constructed Model Dams. (모래로 축조된 댐 모형의 침투에 관한 연구(I))

  • 신방웅
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.22 no.2
    • /
    • pp.64-82
    • /
    • 1980
  • The aim of this thesis, when water permeates dam, is to study the shape of seepage line and seepage quantity. As for the process, various sand model dams of same capacity were constructed in the water tank : they are a central, middle, inclined, up and down stream point of which is paralled, and filter-installed types. And the slope of seepage line and seepage quantity in these various models for experiment were measured, observed data were analyzed, and several formulas which already published were compared and examined. As for the shape of seepage line, the relation between upstream water level and exit: slope of seepage line, near the entrance and exit point, geometrically similar model, and the shape of seepage line filter-installed were examined. As regards to the seepage quantity, several formulas which already published and testing result values were compared and examined, and relation with the slope of seepage line, the seepage quantity, the slope of upstream point, and the upstream water level were mutually studied. Particulary, when horizontal filter was installed, propriety of the existing formulas for effective filter length w as examined, and the relative position of exit point in various. conditions was also studied.

  • PDF

Variation of Non-Point Source Pollution according to AMC Condition Using Probable Rainfall (확률강우량을 이용한 AMC 조건에 따른 비점원 오염량의 변화)

  • 안승섭
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.42 no.3
    • /
    • pp.76-88
    • /
    • 2000
  • AGNPS model is applied in this study to analyze the changes of non-point source pollutant according to AMC condition using probable rainfall. Probable rainfall of H-dam area by Gumber's extreme value distribution is computed through frequency analysis for each return period. 35 coarse grids are subdivided into 134 find grids of finite differential network to analyze peak flow soil loss quantity and nutrients of study area and the modified CN estimation equation shows good result about rainfall events-peak flow relationship. And as the consequence of estimation of soil loss quantity for each rainfall event soil loss quantity shows 120%-170% of actual soil loss quantity Regression analysis for the observed and calculated values of flow T-P AMC has an important effect on nutrients concentration of outflow and it if found that the excessive fertilization under AMC III condition may cause eutrophication by nutrients because the range of increase of outflow concentration appears relatively high.

  • PDF

Effects of Mixed Seeding of Main Revegetation Plants Treated with Different Seeding Amounts of Pennisetum alopecuroides on Cut-Slope Revegetation (수크령 파종량에 따른 주요녹화식물의 혼파가 비탈면 녹화에 미치는 영향)

  • Ham, Kyung-Sik;Shim, Sang-Ryul
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
    • /
    • v.18 no.1
    • /
    • pp.25-35
    • /
    • 2015
  • Pennisetum aloperculoides is a key revegetation species mixed with other plants species and used for revegetating cut-slopes. The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of mixed seeding of revegetation plants on cut-slope revegetation with respect to the quantity of Pennisetum aloperculoides seeds. The coverage ratio and appearance frequency of Pennisetum aloperculoides, and other revegetation species were measured to assess the cut-slope revegetation. We divided Pennisetum treatments into four groups with different Pennisetum seed quantities of $0g/m^2$, $5g/m^2$, $10g/m^2$, and $15g/m^2$. For each treatment group, we mixed identical quantities of seeds from herbaceous flowers (bird's-boot trefoil, aster, chrysanthemums, golden coreopsis and china pink), cool-season turfgrasses, and woody plants (korean lespedeza, indigo and silk tree). The increase in the quantity of the Pennisetum seeds resulted in the higher coverage ratio for Pennisetum, but in the lower coverage ratio for herbaceous flowers, cool-season turfgrasses, and woody plants. We observed a short-term succession process in which the dominant species shifted in the following order: the initial species Pennisetum, herbaceous flowers, and then lastly woody plants. In case of the appearance frequency, we also observed the higher appearance frequency for Pennisetum and the lower appearance frequency for the other plants due to the increase in the quantity of Pennisetum seeds. Pennisetum, bird's-foot trefoil and china pink showed the tendency to decrease the appearance frequency from one month after seeding while cool-season turfgrasses became extinct due to summer drought. In the woody plants, the appearance frequencies of korean lespedeza and indigo were high due to the decrease in quantity of Pennisetum seeds. The silk trees were damaged from winter frost and none emerged at all in 2013 (the following year after the seeding). Korean lespedeza and indigo appeared to have the short-term rapid dominance over other treated revegetation plants.

Effects of noe-economic factors on the cyclcal fluctuations of price level in Korea

  • Yoon, Suk-Bum
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
    • /
    • v.3 no.1
    • /
    • pp.17-30
    • /
    • 1974
  • There are a number of studies on the peculiarities of inflation in underdeveloped economies. These studies are, however, confined to the cases of Latin American countries, and the essence of methodologies applied in the studies is basically estimations of linear parameters of an extended quantity equation with lagged variables. As it is generally observed, inflation in most of underdeveloped economies are, to some extent, affected by non-economic factors such as political instability, social disorder, abrupt institutional changes, etc. Sometimes, these factors underlying the basic movement of price level change are reflected in such variables as quantity of money supply, income velocity, gross national product.

  • PDF

Prediction of free magnetic energy stored in a solar active region via a power-law relation between free magnetic energy and emerged magnetic flux

  • Magara, Tetsuya
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
    • /
    • v.39 no.1
    • /
    • pp.69.2-69.2
    • /
    • 2014
  • To estimate free magnetic energy stored in an active region is a key to the quantitative prediction of activity observed on the Sun. This energy is defined as an excess over the potential energy that is the lowest energy taken by a magnetic structure formed in the solar atmosphere including the solar corona. It is, however still difficult to derive the configuration of a coronal magnetic field only by observations, so we have to use some observable quantity to estimate free magnetic energy. Recently, by performing a coordinated series of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of an emerging flux tube that transfers intense magnetic flux to the solar atmosphere we have found an universal power-law relation between free magnetic energy and emerged magnetic flux, the latter of which is a possibly observed quantity. We further investigate what causes this relation through a comparison with a model of linear force-free field.

  • PDF

The Optimal Seeding Quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miquel and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria MATSUMURA as Leguminous Woody Plants for the Cut-slope Revegetation (훼손비탈면 복원을 위한 콩과목본류로서 참싸리 및 낭아초의 적정파종량에 관한 연구)

  • Yu, Byeong-Deuk;Shim, Sang-Ryul
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
    • /
    • v.19 no.1
    • /
    • pp.61-71
    • /
    • 2016
  • The purpose of the research is to identify the optimal seeding quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria as leguminous woody plants for the cut-slope revegetation. To investigate the coverage ratio and appearance frequency, we divided Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria into five treatment groups with various quantities of $0.0g/m^2$, $1.0g/m^2$, $2.4g/m^2$, $3.8g/m^2$, and $5.2g/m^2$. For each treatment group, we mixed the identical quantities of herbaceous flowers (Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus, Dianthus sinensis, Aster yomena and Pennisetum alopecuroides) seeds and cool-season turfgrasses (Festuca arundinacea and Poa pratensis) seeds. In this result, as the seeding quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria increased in the spray, the coverage ratio for leguminous woody plants appeared to increase whereas the coverage ratio decreased in herbaceous flowers and cool-season turfgrasses. However, when the seeding quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria exceeded $3.8g/m^2$ in the spray, the coverage ratio of leguminous woody plants rather decreased compared to four treatment groups less than $3.8g/m^2$ seeding ratio. Based on the longitudinal data of coverage ratio in five treatment groups, we observed the gradual process of a short-term succession in which the dominant species shifted in the following order: First, cool-season turfgrasses; Second, herbaceous flowers; Third, leguminous woody plants. Comparing the appearance frequency of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya appeared more frequent in 2014 whereas Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria appeared to be relatively more frequent in 2015. As a result, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria was discovered to be a dominant species among woody plants. In this study, we observed that the optimal seeding quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria was $2.4g/m^2{\sim}3.8g/m^2$. Moreover, the coverage ratio of 29.1%~35.4% and appearance frequency of 4.6plants~5.8plants were found in the condition of optimal seeding quantity.