• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제40권9호
• /
• pp.1725-1727
• /
• 2015

본 논문은 MIMO 시스템을 위한 QR 분해 기반의 순차적 신뢰 전파 검출 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 매 반복 과정마다 가장 작은 차수를 가지는 관측 노드의 메시지부터 순차적인 갱신 과정을 진행하여 수렴 속도 향상을 도모한다. 모의실험을 통해 제안 기법이 기존 기법들 대비 향상된 오류 성능을 달성함과 동시에 수렴 속도를 크게 개선함을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1287-1300
• /
• 2018

Target-tracking algorithm based on ad hoc camera sensor networks (ACSNs) utilizes the distributed observation capability of nodes to achieve accurate target tracking. A compressed sensing-based multiple-target tracking algorithm (CSMTTA) for ACSNs is proposed in this work based on the study of camera node observation projection model and compressed sensing model. The proposed algorithm includes reconfiguration of observed signals and evaluation of target locations. It reconfigures observed signals by solving the convex optimization of L1-norm least and forecasts node group to evaluate a target location by the motion features of the target. Simulation results show that CSMTTA can recover the subtracted observation information accurately under the condition of sparse sampling to a high target-tracking accuracy and accomplish the distributed tracking task of multiple mobile targets.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 1993

Observation was made on early ontogeny of vascular cambium in the cotyledonary node of Pinus koraiensis seedling in order to clarify the cambial ontogeny of the node which was hardly elongated. In transverse view, the derivatives by the early periclinal divisions at the outer region of the procambial strands differentiated to protophloem with establishing a certain degree of radial seriations. Later, some cells in the central region of the procambial strands begin divide periclinally, eventually the cells, differentiate gradually to the vascular cambium. In tangential view, early procambium is consisted of homogeneous short cells with transverse end walls which are tansformed into the long cells and short cells gradually. The long cells continue intrusive growth and the short cells repeat transverse division. Finally, the long and short cells differentiated to cambial fusiform initials and ray initials respectively. In tangential section, the differentiation pattern of cambial initials resembles that of the stem of Ginkgo biloba. But in transverse view, the characteristics in the origin of vascular cambium of the cotyledonary node resembles that of root. The vascular cambium in cotyledonary node is completed after eleven prophylls were formed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2019

Purpose: We evaluated failure pattern and treatment outcomes of observational approach on regional lymph node (LN) in cutaneous melanoma of extremities and sought to find clinico-pathologic factors related to LN metastases. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 73 patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities between 2005 and 2016. If preoperative 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings were non-specific for regional LNs, surgical resection of primary tumors with adequate margins was performed without sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and/or complete lymph node dissection (CLND), irrespective of tumor thickness or size. In patients with suspicious or positive findings on PET/CT or CT, SLNB followed by CLND or CLND was performed at the discretion of the surgeon. We defined LN dissection (LND) as SLNB and/or CLND. Results: With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 6 to 138 months), the dominant pattern of failure was regional failure (17 of total 23 events, 74%) in the observation group (n = 56). Pathologic LN metastases were significant factor for poor regional failure-free survival (hazard ration [HR] = 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-10.33; p = 0.044) and overall survival (HR = 3.62; 95% CI, 1.02-12.94; p = 0.047) in multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis for cN0 patients according to the preoperative PET/CT findings, LND group showed the better trend of LRFFS (log rank test, p = 0.192) and RFFS (p = 0.310), although which is not statistically significant. Conclusion: Observational approach on regional LNs on the basis of the PET/CT in patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities showed the dominant regional failure pattern compared to upfront LND approach. To reveal regional lymph node status, SLND for cN0 patients may of importance in managing cutaneous melanoma patients.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
• /
• 제16C권2호
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2009

신뢰 기반 네트워크에서 상호 통신 연결을 위해 상대 노드가 얼마나 믿을만한 노드 인지를 결정하는 문제가 가장 중요하다. 현재의 신뢰 기반 네트워크에서는 노드의 상태를 관찰함으로써 신뢰 값을 생성하고, 통신 노드를 평가하는 과정을 통해 상호 통신 연결을 수립한다. 본 논문에서는 애드혹 환경에서 새로운 노드가 클러스터 내로 진입하여 통신을 설정하고자 하는 대상 노드를 찾을 때, 사용될 수 있는 4가지의 신뢰모델을 제안한다. 제안된 모델들은 평판 서버의 유무와 신뢰의 평가 방법들에 따라 분류 되었다. 제안된 모델을 통해서, 평판 서버가 클러스터내에 존재하고 신뢰 평가 시 자신의 경험 정보뿐만 아니라 이웃 노드의 평판을 고려하는 경우 더 신속하게 대상 노드를 찾을 수 있음을 보인다. 제안된 모델의 성능 분석은 각 모델에서 노드의 최종 신뢰 값을 생성하기 위해 소요 되는 통신지연시간의 측정에 초점을 맞추었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제39A권5호
• /
• pp.271-279
• /
• 2014

이 논문에서는 임시 애드 혹 네트워크 기반 무선 영상 관측이 가능한 임베디드 시스템의 두 가지 설계 기법을 제안하고 구현한다. 첫 번째 방법은 실시간에 가까운 단기 관측 적용 서비스를 위한 임베디드 시스템 설계 기법에 기반을 둔 것으로 $160{\times}128$ 영상을 최대 1 fps(초당 프레임) 속도의 무선 영상 전송 능력을 가지며, 영상처리 기능이 내장된 특수한 원격 관측노드를 가진다. 두 번째 방법은 일반 무선 영상 장기 관측을 위한 임베디드 시스템을 사용하며, 1/3 fps 무선 영상 전송 능력을 가지고, 영상처리가 내장된 시스템 제어기, 주노드, 관측노드로 구성이 된다. 제안 시스템은 저전력 근거리 양방향 디지털 통신 방식으로 잘 알려진 애드 혹 무선 네트워크를 사용하며, 제안 시스템의 하드웨어는 일반 개발 보드, 소형 카메라, 그리고 시스템 제어를 위해 PC로 구성되며, 지그비 스택에 기반을 둔 임베디드 소프트웨어와 시스템 제어용 사용자 인터페이스 소프트웨어가 개발되고 구현된 하드웨어 모듈에 내장되어 동작된다. 또한 프로토콜 분석기를 사용해 무선 환경 분석을 수행한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.3789-3808
• /
• 2017

This paper studies a multi-antenna wireless relay network in the presence of a jammer. In this network, the source node transmits signals to the destination node through a multi-antenna relay node which adopts the amplify-and-forward scheme, and the jammer attempts to inject additive signals on all antennas of the relay node. With the linear beamforming scheme at the relay node, this network can be modeled as an equivalent Gaussian arbitrarily varying channel (GAVC). Based on this observation, we deduce the mathematical closed-forms of the capacities for two special cases and the suboptimal achievable rate for the general case, respectively. To reduce complexity, we further propose an optimal structure of the beamforming matrix. In addition, we present a second order cone programming (SOCP)-based algorithm to efficiently compute the optimal beamforming matrix so as to maximize the transmission rate between the source and the destination when the perfect channel state information (CSI) is available. Our numerical simulations show significant improvements of our propose scheme over other baseline ones.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2021

As the resolution of climate change scenario data applied with regional models increased, Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) was established around major climate-related organizations to jointly operated and manage large-scale climate data. ESGF developed standard software to provide model output, observation data management, dissemination, and analysis using Peer to Peer (P2P) computing technology. Roles of each institution were divided into index and data nodes. Therefore, ESGF data node was established at APEC Climate Center in Korea on behalf of Asia to share data on climate change scenarios of CORDEX-East Asia (CORDEX-EA) to study climate changes in Eastern Asia. Climate researchers are expected to play a large role in researching causes of global warming and responding to climate change by providing CORDEX-EA regional model data to the world through ESGF data node.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1982

This study was taken to clarify the clinical signs and macroscopical lesions of pigs naturally infected with hog cholera. The clinical and macroscopical observation on the natural cases of hog cholera and experimental cases inoculated with ALD Virus and isolated virus strains were carried out. The results obtained are as follow; In clinical inspection of the natural cases, diarrhea (73.1%) blotching of ear (50.0%), staggering (42.3%), erythema of skin (40.0%), constipation (38.5%), conjunctivitis (32.7%) and dyspnea (30.8%) were observed. Dyspnea, constipation and erythema of skin were observed mainly in the experimental cases, however, staggering and conjunctivitis in pigs infected with ALD virus were found and convulsion and hemorrhage of skin of pigs infected with isolated virus were seen, respectively. The gross lesions of natural cases were hemorrhage of lymph node (82.5%), enteritis and hemorrhage of large intestine (65.0%), splenic infarction (57.5%), pneumonia (55.0%), gastritis and hemorrhage (52.5%), cardiac hemorrhage (40.0%) and renal petechiation (37.5%), while in the experimental cases, hemorrhage of lymph node, pneumonia, gastritis and hemorrhage, enteritis and hemorrhage of laryge intestine and splenic infarction were seen mainly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.3937-3940
• /
• 2013

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CA15-3, CA125 and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) expression in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients with breast cancer undergoing operations in the general surgery department were considered as the observation group, and 50 healthy outpatients of our hospital as the control group. Cubital venous blood was drawn in the morning from fasting patients in the two groups and chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect the levels of CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in serum. The follow-up duration was from 4 months to 2 years, and change in levels of the indicators was detected by dynamically drawing blood. After surgery, cancer tissue samples of patients in observation group remained on file (the non-recurrent patients were biopsied). Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression of ER, PR and VEGF in tissue. Results: The effective rate of 12 patients with negative ER and PR expression was 33.3% in the observation group, being associated with prognosis to varying extents. Serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in the observation group were all significantly higher than in control group (p<0.01). With increase in pathological staging, levels of serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA gradually increased (p<0.01). Levels in patients with lymph node metastasis were markedly higher than in those without (p<0.01). In addition, values with distal lymph node metastasis were notably higher than with adjacent lymph node metastasis (p<0.01). The postoperative follow-up results revealed that positive VEGF and levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in recurrence group were obviously higher than in non-recurrence group (p<0.01). Conclusions: Joint detection of ER and PR expression as well as levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA is meaningful and can guide the diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.