• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.112-123
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• 2019

Objective: Based on the results of previous studies, it is necessary to analyze gait and discuss and present the effects of aquatic exercise for chronic stroke. The purpose of this study was to present objective data on the effect of aquatic exercise on the gait of persons with stroke by performing a meta-analysis. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of 23 studies that investigated the effects of aquatic exercise performed between 2006 and 2017. The studies were searched on the basis of the participants, intervention, comparison, outcomes standard. The quality of the research method was assessed using a tool that can assess the risks posed by each study design. A meta-analysis software program was used to calculate the mean effect size, effect size by intervention, and effect size by outcome. We also performed a meta-regression analysis and an analysis of publication bias. Results: The mean effect size of the patients' gait was 0.65 (p<0.05). The largest effect size by outcome was observed at the 6-m walk test, followed by the 6-minutes walk test, 10-m walk test, and the walking equipment test (p<0.05). The meta-regression analysis showed that the effect size increased with increased duration, number, and length of sessions. Conclusions: Aquatic exercise appears to show a moderate effect on the gait of chronic stroke survivors. Meta-analyses on the effects of aquatic exercise in other patient populations are needed. This study suggests standard criteria establishments for the effect of aquatic exercise on the walking ability of persons with chronic stroke.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.979-982
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• 2007

The effect of a scattering wall surfaces on sound diffusion can be assessed by determining the scattering and diffusion coefficients in the laboratory. However, the sound field in a concert hall including scattered reflections is different from the laboratory measurement condition. Therefore, there is a need for objective investigation of diffusion in real sound fields. In this paper, possible acoustical parameters of in-situ measurements are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.720-723
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• 2004

Lever mechanisms are usually employed to enlarge output displacement in precision stages. In this study, theoretical analysis of a lever is presented including bending effect and relation between dimension parameters and an objective function. The objective function is chosen as multiplication of magnification ratio and forcedisplacement transmission. Through theoretical analysis, this study presents optimal values for the parameters and the analysis is verified by finite element method.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-86
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• 2008

In this paper, we have considered the multicriteria quadratic plant location problem. In addition to the allocation costs, the maintenance costs of the plants are also considered. The objective functions considered in this paper are quadratic in nature. The given problem is reduced to the problem with linear objective function. The method of Fernandez and Puerto (2003) is applied to solve the reduced problem. It is illustrated with help of examples. The effect of the change in the allocation and maintenance costs on allocation of plants to the clients has also been discussed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to categorize the type of family financial well-being based on objective and subjective dimension. And this study was intended to explore the relations not only those types and the demographic characteristics but also those types and family subsystem; personal subsystem and managerial subsystem. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The type of family financial well-being were categorized as ‘Adequated type’, ‘Dissatisfying type’, ‘Satisfying type’, and ‘Unadequated type’. 2. The objective variables effect the family financial well-being rather then subjective variables. 3. The family cohesion, adjustment and communication pattern and intentional managing efforts increase the family financial well-being.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.101-112
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• 2016

Purpose - The objective of this study is to identify the effects of the communication cues and anonymity on group polarization in mobile communication settings, both in terms of route and extent. Research design, data and methodology - Laboratory experiments were conducted to achieve the above research objective; the effect of communication cues on group polarization with social presence as mediation and the direct effect of anonymity, social presence, and perceived cohesion were analyzed. The experiments were conducted by the participation of 240 people, who were divided into 48 groups of 5 people. Results - According to the results, the difference in intergroup polarization due to communication cues and anonymity was insignificant. From this analysis, the structural equation model, communication cues and anonymity did not affect group polarization through social presence. Moreover, anonymity did not affect group polarization through perceived cohesion; however, anonymity directly affected group polarization. Conclusions - This research can help to explain the discussions and the related decision-making actions on internet forums, which have recently come to the rise as well as provide foundational basis in newly establishing policies for the forums.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2004

Research there is a place objective which searches the importance of physical environment. Namely, there is a place objective which defines the effect relationship of physical environment and payment price. The analysis result physical environment appeared in 6 items. (interia, hygiene, illumination, the color body and atmosphere, space, movement and the command installation). The item which causes a big effect in price appeared with the interia and atmosphere. The upgrade of the interia and atmosphere of the restaurant increases the price it will be able to pay letting with the customer is judged with the fact that role. Currently the restaurant service or importance of specialty knowledge of the work unit field is embossed. But, the customer pays an expense and the item which is important it will be able to create a value is showing is physical environment.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.19-36
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• 2018

Overstock in aquaculture is a matter of concern in aquaculture management. To sort fish based on fingerling size in case of overstocking is an important problem in aquaculture farm. This study aims to determine the amount of fry overstock and sorting time in aquaculture farm. This study builds a mathematical model that finds the value of decision variables to optimize objective function summing up the fingerling purchasing cost, aquaculture farm operating cost and feeding cost under mortality and farming period constraints. The proposed mathematical model involves following biological and economical variables and coefficients: (1) number of fingerlings, (2) sorting time, (3) fish growth rate and variation, (4) mortality, (5) price of a fry (6) feeding cost, and (7) possible sorting periods. Numerical simulation is presented herein. The objective of numerical simulation is to provide decision makers to analyse and comprehend the proposed model. When extensive biological data about growth function of fry becomes available, the proposed model can be widely applicable to real aquaculture farms.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.201-219
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• 2003

Background: The perceptual assessment is generally performed by the voice specialist. The objective evaluation is performed in a voice laboratory. Research in voice laboratories has generated a variety of different objective tests and parameters. The perceptual evaluation is one of the most controversial topics in voice research. Review of literature reveals a wide variety of rating scales and reliability data fluctuating from study to study. Unfortunately, there is no widely accepted valid method for classifying voice disorders and assessing outcome after voice treatment. Objectives: The goals of this research were to identify important objective acoustic parameters of vocal quality, and to establish an objective and quantitative correlate of the perceived vocal quality. Materials and Methods : We evaluated the voice analyzed data from 122 dysphonic patients and 20 normal volunteers. A computerized speech lab. 4300B(CSL) was used to carry out the analysis of each voice sample. Results: Three dysphonia severity indices(DSI) were created using discriminant analysis. DSI is based on the weighted combination of the following selected set of acoustic parameters: absolute jitter(Jita in us), smoothed pitch period perturbation (sPPQ in %), amplitude perturbation quotient(APQ in %), soft phonation index(SPI), average fundamental frequency(Fo in Hz), lowest fundamental frequency(Flo in Hz), and smoothed amplitude perturbation quotient(sAPQ in %). The DSI, being the discriminating rule calculated by the logistic regression, consists of three equation based on statistically significant acoustic parameters. Three DSI were created to reflects best the degree of hoarseness as expressed by G from the GRBAS scale. The more positive this DSI is for a patient, the worse the vocal quality. The more it is negative, the better it is. The effect of sex is included implicitly in the DSI-1 and DSI-2, so that a separate DSI-1 and DSI-2 for males and females need not be used. The DSI is objective because no perceptual input is required for its calculation. Conculsion : This research demonstrates that the voice function values calculated from three different multivariate objective dysphonia severity indices are significantly associated with subjective voice assessments. These multivariate objective dysphonia severity indices may be appropriate for use in clinical trials and outcomes research on treatment effectiveness for voice disorders.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to develop the blind control strategy and method which reduce negative effect of incoming daylight on visual comfort of occupants, minimize psychological anxieties caused by frequent motions of a blind, and maximize positive effect of incoming daylight and solar irradiation by opening/closing of a blind. As previous researches on blind controls have limited outdoor environmental conditions to those in specific regions, orientations and dates, these resulted in problems at various conditions for general-purpose application. Major problem is that the time interval and amount of blind movement do not meet the control objective at the end of control zone and discontinuous curve. To overcome these limitations revealed in the previous researches, following tasks were performed in this study. 1) To establish the control objective to accomplish the goal of this study. 2) To develop the control methods and algorithms which prevent glare on the work-plane at any time and which control the time interval and amount of blind movement to follow the control objective at various profile angle curves. 3) To validate the general-purpose applicability and performance of the developed control methods and algorithms by simulation and its data analysis at various conditions. It was found that the proposed methods and algorithms can prevent the direct glare on the work-plane at all the time and also increase the incoming daylight and solar irradiation.