• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to find obesity, biochemical indices and nutrient intakes in type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus with hypertension in Gwangju area. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the status of hypertension. Duration of 139 normotensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus was $49.8{\pm}80.2$ months while that of hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes was $79.7{\pm}95.5$ months. Anthropometric measurement revealed that subjects in both groups were in overweight determined by BMI, though there was no significant difference between two groups. Contrastingly, obesity rate and subscapular fat distribution were a good predictor to identify hypertensive group due to the significant differences between two groups, regardless of sex. Hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with more elevated cholesterol and fasting blood glucose level. Triglyceride level in the hypertensive female was prominent. Significant gender differences were shown in energy, carbohydrate, protein, Ca, Zn, vitamin $B_{6}$ and cholesterol intakes. Nutrient intakes of female normotensive group were higher than those of female hypertensive group except for riboflavin. However, different pattern on nutrient intakes in male was noted. Thus, sex is a great determinant to influence nutrient intakes in subject. Effective nutrition education program targeting type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus, especially hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus should be developed and implemented to control blood glucose and lipidemia. It might be suggested to consider the importance different approaches of nutrition education program to both genders.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 2018

Bariatric surgery has evolved from a surgical measure for treating morbid obesity to an epochal remedy for treating metabolic syndrome as a whole, which is represented by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Numerous clinical trials have advocated bariatric or metabolic surgery over nonsurgical interventions because of markedly superior metabolic outcomes in morbidly obese patients who satisfy traditional criteria for bariatric surgery (body mass index [BMI] >$35kg/m^2$) and in less obese or simply overweight patients. Nevertheless, not all diabetes patients achieve the most desirable outcomes; i.e., diabetes remission after metabolic surgery. Thus, candidates for metabolic surgery should be carefully selected based on comprehensive preoperative assessments of the risk-benefit ratio. Predictors for diabetes remission after metabolic surgery may be classified into two groups based on mechanism of action. The first is indices for preserved pancreatic beta-cell function, including younger age, shorter duration of diabetes, and higher C-peptide level. The second is the potential for an insulin resistance reduction, including higher baseline BMI and visceral fat area. Several prediction models for diabetes remission have been suggested by merging these two to guide the joint decision-making process between clinicians and patients. Three such models, DiaRem, ABCD, and individualized metabolic surgery scores, provide an intuitive scoring system and have been validated in an independent external cohort and can be utilized in routine clinical practice. These prediction models need further validation in various ethnicities to ensure universal applicability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.763-771
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary sodium intake and prevalence of abdominal obesity in Korean adults. We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-1 and analyzed data on 4,475 Koreans (${\geq}30$ years old). Subjects were divided into three groups according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG): 1) normal (FPG <100 mg/dL), 2) pre-diabetes ($100mg/dL{\leq}FPG{\leq}125mg/dL$), and 3) diabetes (FPG ${\geq}126mg/dL$ or subjects diagnosed with diabetes). The subjects in each category were stratified by dietary sodium intake as well as index of abdominal obesity. We found that dietary sodium intake was positively correlated with waist circumference (WC) (P=0.002) and was particularly high in the pre-diabetes group. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the normal and diabetes groups showed no association between dietary sodium intake and WC, whereas the pre-diabetes group with a high sodium intake exhibited a significant association (odds ratio (OR)=1.479, P=0.029) between dietary sodium intake and WC. Further, the OR for abdominal obesity in the high sodium intake group with pre-diabetes was 1.590 after adjusting for age and sex (P=0.012). In addition, the ORs for the prevalence of abdominal obesity with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were significantly higher in the pre-diabetes group with high sodium intake compared with low sodium intake. Moreover, these associations were significant even after adjusting for confounding variables (model 2: age and sex; model 3: age, sex, and total energy intake). Our results suggest a strong association between sodium intake and abdominal obesity in pre-diabetes Korean adults.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.423-426
• /
• 2013

Females are more often affected by constipation than males, especially during pregnancy, which is related to the menstrual cycle. Although still controversial, alterations of progesterone and estrogen may be responsible. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to determine whether the female sex steroid hormone itself is responsible for development of constipation in both female and male mice. Administration of estrogen resulted in a decrease in weight of accumulated feces on days 2, 3, 4, and 5 in male mice and on day 5 in female mice, compared with the control group, but progesterone administration did not. Administration of estrogen resulted in a decrease in gastrointestinal movement, compared to normal; however, no significant change was observed by administration of progesterone. In conclusion, estrogen, rather than progesterone, may be a detrimental factor of constipation via decreased bowel movement in mice.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effect of oriental obesity therapy on morbid obese patient with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods Two cases of Type 2 Diabetes patient was treated with herbal medicine, electrolipolysis, dietetic therapy, and aerobic exercise during the treatment period. Results The diagnostic index (Weight, BMI, PBF, WHR, FPG, HgbA1C) was improved at the end of treatment. Conclusion The improvement of the patient with Type 2 Diabetes is identified through receiving oriental medical treatments, dietetic therapy, and aerobic exercises. Further research on medical treatments and long-term maintenance of weight loss for obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes should be needed in order to standardize the treatment methodology.

• Integrative Medicine Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.4-10
• /
• 2014

Green tea and coffee consumption have been widely popular worldwide. These beverages contain caffeine to activate the central nervous system by adenosine receptor blockade, and due to the caffeine, addiction or tolerance may occur. In addition to this caffeine effect, green tea and coffee consumption have always been at the center of discussions about human health, disease, and longevity. In particular, green tea catechins are involved in many biological activities such as antioxidation and modulation of various cellular lipid and proteins. Thus, they are beneficial against degenerative diseases, including obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and various inflammatory diseases. Some reports also suggest that daily consumption of tea catechins may help in controlling type 2 diabetes. However, other studies have reported that chronic consumption of green tea may result in hepatic failure, neuronal damage, and exacerbation of diabetes, suggesting that interindividual variations in the green tea effect are large. This review will focus on the effect of green tea catechins extracted from the Camellia sinensis plant on type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the possible mechanistic explanation for the experimental results mainly from our laboratory. It is hoped that green tea can be consumed in a suitable manner as a supplement to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.139-160
• /
• 2004

The obesity is detrimental to the health of people living in affluent societies. Individual differences in energy metabolism are caused primarily by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), some of which promote the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several different genes and environmental factors. In this review, five major conclusions are reached: (1)To be clinically significant, SNPs must be relevant, prevalent, modifiable, and measurable. (2)Differences in SNPs may have been caused by famine, ultraviolet light, alcohol, climate, agricultural revolution. livestock, lactase persistence, and westernized lifestyle. (3)Candidate obesity genes of calorie intake restriction are SIM 1, MC3R, MC4R, AGRP, CART, CCK, CNTFR, DRD2, Ghrelin, 5-HT receptor, NPY, PON and those of energy metabolism are LEP, LEPR, UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, B2AR, B3AR, PGC-1, Androgen receptor and those of fat mobilization are AGT, ACE, ADA, APM1, Apolipoproteins, PPAR, FABP, FOXC2, GCGR, $11-{\beta}HSDI$, LDLR, Hormonal sensitive lipase, Perilipin, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $TNF-{\beta}$ (4)Candidate obesity genes in the eastern are NPY, LEP, LEPR, UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, B2AR, B3AR, ACE, APM1, PPAR, and FABP. (5)Candidate obesity genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus are MC3R, MC4R, B2AR, B3AR, ADA, APM1, PPAR, FABP, FOXC2, PC1, PC2, ABCC8, CAPN10, CYP19, CYP7, ENPP1, GCK, GYS1, IGF, IL-6, Insulin receptor, IRS, and LPL. The discovery of SNPs will lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and to better diagnostics, treatment, and eventually prevention.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.7
• /
• pp.710-717
• /
• 2006

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents has been increasing for last 10 years. The increase in frequency of type 2 diabetes appears to parallel the increase in prevalence and severity of obesity in children and adolescents. The metabolic syndrome, cluster of potent risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, consists of insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are rarely seen in the young, but the pathologic processes and risk factors are associated its development have been shown to begin during childhood. In pediatrician it is important to recognize early and treat aggressively for prevention of future cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.12-27
• /
• 2006

"본 논문은 대한내과학회지 2006년 제70권 제3호에 실렸던 논문으로 대한내과학회 편집위원회의 승인을 득하고 본 협회지에 게재함. Background : Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. In recent years non-invasive high resolution B-mode ultrasound methods have been developed to measure the intima-media thickness(IMT) of the carotid artery as an indicator for early atherosclerosis. Itis known that obesity plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and it has also been reported that not only the amount but also the distribution of body fat is important. This study investigated the relationship between obesity and the development of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Carotid IMT was measured by ultrasound B-mode imaging in 144 patients with type 2diabetes mellitus. All subjects underwent assessment for the degree and distribution of obesity, the presence of coronary artery disease risk factors, and the presence of diabetic complications. Resuts: Carotid IMT was increased in the abdominal obese group defined by waist circurference. However, there was no significant difference in carotid TMT between the non-obese group and obese group as defined by body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and total body fat percent measured by bio electrical impedance analysis. There were positive correlations between carotid IMT and age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the variable that interacted independently with carotid IMT was age in type 2 diabetic patients. Carotid IMT was significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patients with macrovascular complications and microvascvlar complications .Conclusion: This study suggested that abdominal obesity rather than general obesity was associated with carotid atherosclerosis reflected by increment of carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to compare the correlation of clinical characteristics and patterns of disease. Subjects of the study were the adults(207) living in Geoje City, the diabetes mellitus and the hypertension patients(166) and the normal people(41). In the diabetes mellitus group and the hypertension group, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholestero LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index(AI) were significantly high. As the obesity index was getting higher, the blood pressure of the diabetes mellitus group was high, and the HDL-cholesterol of the hypertension group was low, but AI of it was significantly high. The AI was significantly high as serum lipid index were getting higher in both groups. The rate of the prevalence was very high in the diabetes mellitus group(74.3%) and the hypertension group(73.7%). The pattern in the diabetes mellitus group was in order of the hypertension, the hyperlipidemia, and the obesity but, in the hypertension group was the hyperlipidemia, and the obesity. The obesity index and serum lipid index of complex patient group were higher than single patient group.