• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.395-399
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• 1999

Backgroud: Excess abdominal fat, expressed as an increased ratio of waist to hip circumferences (WHR), is independently associated with higher levels of blood pressure. Although a WHR greater than 1.0 in men has been shown to predict complications from obesity, the WHR has not been evaluated in all ethnic groups. Methods: In order to ascertain the association between WHR and classification of blood pressure and to investigate the critical value of WHR as a predictive factor of hypertension in Korean middle-aged men, we compared the mean of WHRs according to the classification of blood pressure in Seoul Cohort participants. Results: Through a surrey of direct measurement of waist and hip girth, 452 subjects were recruited from the cohort. The mean of WHR was 0.88 and its standard deviation was 0.04. The mean of WHRs was higher in the systolic blood pressure group (above 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure group (above 90 mmHg), and hypertension group than in the systolic blood pressure group (below 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure group (below 90 mmHg), and normotensive group, respectively. And WHR of above 0.89 was associated with hypertension (z-value =6.66). Conclusion: It is necessary for Korean males with WHR greater than 0.89 to recommend the primary prevention and early defection of hypertension.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

Background Cardiovascular disease is becoming an important national health issue since its recent increase in incidence and mortality. The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the clinical identification criteria by NCEP-ATP3 and Asia-Pacific criteria. Meterials & Methods: The subjects were 759 people -male 375 and female 384 after twenties age - who had undergone medical examinations at Korea Association of Health, Daejeon- Chungnam Branch. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed as defined by the NCEP ATP3, while abdominal obesity was assessed according to the Asia-Pacific guidelines. Anthropometric variables and cardiovascular risk factors were measured, and Associated factors with metabolic syndroms was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of metabotic syndrome was 24.O% for male and 27.1% for female The high blood pressure was the highest prevalent risk factors of metabolic syndrome. In the age group of thirties, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in men than in women, however it was significantly higher in women than in men in fifties and six ties. The metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in aged people over 50 years. and .significantly associated with BMI index(odds ratio 2.58 in male, 9.87 in female)Conclusions The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is over 20%.Early detection and intervention of risk factors by health examination and promotion are needed for prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.209-223
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• 2018

The effect of high egg intake on metabolic syndrome (MetS), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), has not been clearly elucidated. This study was conducted to review the literature related to egg consumption and the risk of metabolic disease as well as to examine the association between high egg intake and MetS in Korean adults. A literature review was conducted using published papers in PubMed and EMBASE through December 2017. We have reviewed 26 articles, which were associated with egg consumption and metabolic diseases, and found that the results were controversial. Therefore, we analyzed data from 23,993 Korean adults aged 19 yrs and older. MetS was defined based on criteria from the Adult Treatment Panel III. Egg consumption of 4-6 times/wk and 1 time/day were significantly associated with reduced prevalence of MetS (Odds ratio (OR)=0.82; 95% Confidence interval (CI)=0.71-0.95 for 4-6 times/wk, OR=0.83; 95% CI=0.69-0.99 for 1 time/day) compared to those who consumed eggs less than once monthly. However, consuming two or more eggs per day was not associated with MetS. As for the components of MetS, an egg intake of once daily decreased the prevalence of abdominal obesity and an intake of 2-7 eggs weekly was shown to prevent a reduction in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. This study suggests that while consuming eggs 4-7 times weekly is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, consuming two or more eggs daily is not associated with a reduced risk for MetS.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.487-493
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has been reported to have many biological functions including anti-obesity. Leptin, peptide hormone produced by adipocytes and its concentration is increased in proportion to the amount of the adipocytes. In the present study, we examined the effects of Korean turmeric on the regulation of adiposity and leptin levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Leptin secretion, free fatty acid and glycerol contents in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured after incubation of cells with turmeric for 24 hours. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: a normal diet group (N), a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet group (HF), a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet group supplemented with 2.5% turmeric extracts (TPA group) and a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet group supplemented with 5% turmeric extracts (TPB group). Serum samples were used for the measurement of leptin concentration. RESULTS: Contents of free fatty acid and glycerol showed concentration dependent increase in response to turmeric extracts. Effects of turmeric extracts on reduction of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined by Oil Red O staining. Treatment with turmeric extracts resulted in increased expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA. The concentration of leptin from 3T3-L1 adipocytes was significantly decreased by turmeric. Proportional abdominal and epididymal fats weights of the turmeric 5% supplemented group, TPB has significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The serum levels of leptin in the TPA and TPB groups were significantly lower than those of the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we suggested that Korean turmeric may contribute to the decreasing of body fat and regulating leptin secretion.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

Isaria sinclairii (Cicada Dongchunghacho) was studied as a potential crude natural food in powdered form. The role of tissue fatty acids in relation to the anti-obesity effects of I. sinclairii (IS) was examined by feeding the powder to SD rats ad libitum at 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% (calculated about 8 g/kg) of the feed for a period of 3 months and 6 months. The fatty acid composition profile as indicated GC-MS, showed significantly slight dose-dependent increases in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly, arachidonic acid (C20: 4n6), oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20: 5) concentration in the the ad libitum IS-fed groups compared to the control group in SD abdominal fat over 6 month period. Over viewing of the SD and Ob mice treated Isaria sinclairii powder; there were increases in the single (mono) unsaturated fatty acids ratio but decreases in polyunsaturated fatty acid. In IS-fed groups in proportion to the treatment period, this Dongchunghacho also induced an increase in the level of same result of unsaturated fatty acid in C57BL/6 obese (ob/ob) mice over a 6-month period treatment compared to those given 10% dry mulberry leaf powder (ML) or silkworm powder mixed with the standard diet.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.275-286
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• 2016

Purpose: This study explored influencing factors on quality of life (QoL) above middle-aged women in relation to demographic factors, health-related factors, menopausal status, metabolic syndrome (MS) and its risk factors. Methods: This study was secondary data analysis from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2015 that utilized a complex, multi-stage probability sample design. Study sample of 2,310 was inclusive of (28.8%) of women who were over 40. To evaluate the factors that would influence an impaired quality of life, $x^2$ test, GLM, and logistic regression analysis were done. Results: Level of quality of life was lower in women with late post-menopause(over 10 years since menopause) than women with pre-menopause. Factors influencing impaired QoL were as follows: graduated middle school and elementary school or less (OR=2.43, 4.42, respectively, p<.05), no job (OR=1.92, p<.001), stress (OR=1.92, p=.001), depression (OR=1.93, p=.001), insufficient sleep (OR=1.64, p=.003), late post-menopause (OR=2.61, p=.044) and over 85cm of waist circumference (OR=1.76, p=.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that late post-menopause may be an independent factor influencing an impaired QoL. To promote post-menopausal womens' health, a nursing strategy is required to teach women how to manage levels of stress, depression, insufficient sleep, and abdominal obesity through health education, nutritional counselling, and physical activity program.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.412-419
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a walking and resistance exercise on body composition and lipid profile in obese women. Methods: Fourty three women were assigned to experimental group (n=21) or control group (n=22). The walking and resistance exercise using elastic band was provided three times a week for 12 weeks. Weight, height, body mass index, body fat percentage, abdominal fatness, skeletal muscle mass, body fatness, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were measured before and after the program. Paired and independent t-tests were performed using SAS program. Results: Weight (t=-5.35, p<.001), body mass index (t=-4.12, p<.001), body fat percentage (t=-2.33, p =.026), and body fatness (t=-4.32, p<.001) were significantly decreased and skeletal muscle mass (t=2.09, p =.044) was significantly increased after the walking and resistance exercise. Also, total cholesterol (t=-3.03, p =.006) and LDL cholesterol (t=-2.70, p =.011) were significantly decreased and HDL cholesterol (t=2.05, p =.046) was significantly increased after the exercise program. Conclusion: According to the study result, exercise led a positive outcome on obese women in their 30~40s. The walking and resistance exercise will contribute to the improving body composition and lipid profile in this population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.745-752
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• 2007

While metabolic syndrome(MS) is rapidly expanding and dietary pattern, the known risk factor of MS, goes through heavy transition to western diet, not many researches have been done on the association between dyslipidemia and dietary factors in Korean adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between compliance with dietary guidelines and dyslipidemia among Koreans. The subjects of 399 adults who visited health examination center were classified into dyslipidemia(n=180) and control(n=219). Diagnosis of dyslipidemia was based on NCEP-ATPIII criteria(triglyceride>=150mg/d, HDL-C<50mg/dl for male, HDL-C<40mg/dl for female). A questionnaire based interview was done to collect information on compliance with dietary guidelines, general characteristics and health related behaviors. Anthropometric variables were measured during the survey. Mean compliance score of dietary guideline was significantly lower in dyslipidemia group than in control. It was associated negatively with waist circumference and positively with serum HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). Risks of dyslipidemia were significantly decreased in the group with highest dietary guideline score, high serum triglyceride levels(OR=0.484, 95% CI=0.268-0.875), abdominal obesity(OR=0.296, 95% CI=0.159-0.553), and dyslipidemia(OR=0.481, 95% CI=0.266-0.869). These results indicated that increasing compliance with dietary guidelines could be an effective strategy to lower the risk of dyslipidemia among Koreans.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.788-794
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• 2011

Purpose: Reduced heart rate variability significantly increases cardiovascular mortality. Metabolic syndrome increases the cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Recently, increasing cardiovascular mortality has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. This study was done to compare heart rate variability between adults with and without schizophrenia and to compare the relationship of heart rate variability to metabolic syndrome in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a descriptive and correlational study in which 719 adults without schizophrenia and 308 adults with schizophrenia took part between May and June 2008. We measured the following: five-minute heart rate variability; high-frequency, low-frequency, the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency, and the Standard Deviation of all the normal RR intervals. Data was also collected on metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose. Results: The Standard Deviation of all the normal RR intervals values of heart rate variability indices were $1.53{\pm}0.18$. The low-frequency and high-frequency values of heart rate variability indices were significantly higher in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia ($3.89{\pm}1.36$; $3.80{\pm}1.20$) than those in the healthy participants ($2.20{\pm}0.46$; $2.10{\pm}0.46$). There were no significant differences between the schizophrenic patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that schizophrenia patients have significantly lower cardiac autonomic control, but they have significantly higher low-frequency and high-frequency values than those of healthy adults. Use of antipsychotic drug may affect the autonomic nervous system in schizophrenic patients. Metabolic syndrome was not associated with cardiac autonomic control in schizophrenia patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.406-416
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this secondary data analysis study were first to identify the number of Korean adults achieving goals set by the American Diabetes Association for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and secondly to identify the characteristics associated with lack of goals attainment. Methods: The sample was 413 Koreans with diagnosed diabetes aged thirty years or older who participated in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Goals attainment for HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C were presented in percentages. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations between participants' characteristics and lack of goals attainment. Results: About 48% had HbA1c<7%, 48.2% had BP<130/80mmHg, and 34.1% had LDL-C<100mg/dL. Only 8.7% of the sample achieved all three parameters. In multivariate analysis, younger age, longer diabetes duration, insulin use, and abdominal obesity were associated with not meeting HbAlC goal. Smoking and use of antihypertensive medication were associated with BP${\geq}$130/80 mmHg. No use of lipid lowering agents was associated with LDL-C${\geq}$100 mg/dL. Conclusion: Many Koreans with diabetes were not at goals for HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C. For optimal control, appropriateness of therapy and poor lifestyle habits should be assessed periodically and managed accordingly.