• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.393-409
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• 2005

This study examined effects of self-perceived obesity, peer victimization, stress, and maternal child rearing behaviors on self-esteem in an obese group(OG) and a normal weight group(NWG) of elementary school children. Subjects were 1,501 elementary school children in the 4th to the 6th grades in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Andong and their mothers. Major findings were that maternal child rearing behaviors and stress related to parents and home environments influenced children's self esteem only in the NWG; school-related stress was an influential variable on children's self esteem in both the NWG and OG. Peer victimization influenced children's self-esteem in both NWG and OG. Self-perceived obesity influenced some domains of children's self-esteem, especially in girls.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the obese program on BMI, body composition, physical fitness, knowledge, eating behaviors among the elementary school obese children. Method: They ranged from the third to sixth grades with over 30% body fat ratio. The subjects consisted of 31 obese children who participated in the obese program and 34 obese who did not participate in the program. The contents of the programs for nine weeks from contained obese education, counseling and exercises once a week. The program lasted from Oct. 8 to Dec. 22, 2001. The Data were analyzed using SPSS program. Result: Flexibility was significantly higher for the program participants than the nonparticipants at the post-test. Agility was significantly higher for the program participants than the nonparticipants at the post-test. Knowledge were significantly higher for the program participants than the nonparticipants at the post-test. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that obese program is effective in changing the flexibility, agility, knowledge in obese elementary children over 9 weeks.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Child obesity has become a significant health issue in Korea. Prevalence of obesity in school-age children in Korea has been alarmingly rising since 2008. Prevalence of obesity among infants and preschool-age children in Korea has doubled since 2008. Obese children may develop serious health complications. Before nutritional counseling is pursued, several points should be initially considered. The points are modifiable risk factors, assessment for child obesity, and principles of treatment. Motivational interviewing and a multidisciplinary team approach are key principles to consider in managing child obesity effectively in the short-term as well as long-term. Nutritional counseling begins with maintaining a daily log of food and drink intake, which could possibly be causing obesity in a child. Several effective tools for nutritional counseling in practice are the Traffic Light Diet plan, MyPlate, Food Balance Wheel, and 'Food Exchange Table'. Detailed nutritional counseling supported by a qualified dietitian is an art of medicine enabling insulin therapy and hypoglycemic agents to effectively manage diabetes mellitus in obese children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in behavioral characteristics and their awareness of obese school children. The results were as follows 1. In comparison with eating habits and food preference, the girls had more irregular breakfast and were likely to have vegetables / fruits than the boys. 2. In characteristics related to exercise and activities, boys did more exercise than girls. Particularly, in lunch free time, boys participated in playing various active excercise with friends, but girls participated in more non-active behaviors (such as, chattering, reading, or playing jack-stones). 3. In comparison with their awareness related to obese persons, about a half of boys had positive opinions (e. grong, healthy.), but about only 20% of girls had positive opinions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in environmental and psychological factors in children with obesity and to offer useful information for obesity treatment and prevention. 123 children of 5-6th grade in elementary school and their mothers were included in this study and divided into either the obese group and normal group(obese group: 61, normal group: 62) according to the Weight-Length Index(WLI). Results showed that between the two groups there no significant differences in family income, mother's occupation status, educational level, and anthropometric measurement. Nutritional knowledge in the obese group was significantly higher than that of the normal group(p<0.05). The mothers of children with obesity had a higher level of nutritional knowledge than the mothers of normal children(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in food behavior between the obese and normal groups. There were no significant differences in maternal child-rearing practices and in maternal attitude on flood behavior of children. Considering psychological factors ; 72.1% of the children with obesity appraised their body image as obese(p<0.05), and 54.1% of the mothers in obese group perceived their child's body shape as obese(p<0.05). The level of self-esteem were not significantly different when compared between the obese and normal groups. From these results, it was suggested that effective measures for obesity treatment and prevention should include nutritional monitoring, and such efforts need to be maintained in order to help the obese children and their mothers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2022

Background: The growing prevalence of overweight and/or obese children is an important public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Although the association of obesity between parents and their children is well known, its underlying mechanisms are not well established. Purpose: This meta-analysis examined parent-child (PC) relationships in obesity and identified factors such as world region and country income level that may influence this relationship. Methods: We identified all related studies published between January 1, 2015 and May 31, 2020 by conducting a literature search using the MeSH terms "obesity," "overweight," "body mass index," "parent," "child," "associate," and "relate" in the PubMed database in English. Results: The meta-analysis of 23 studies that reported an odds ratio (OR) for parent and child obesity associations found a significant association between parents and children who were overweight or obese (pooled OR, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.85-2.10). A meta-regression analysis was used to examine the sources of interstudy heterogeneity. The association between parent and child obesity was higher in Asia than in Europe and the Middle East and higher in high-income countries than in middle-or low-income countries. In addition, a higher association between parent and child obesity was found when both parents were obese than when only the father or mother was obese. This study from multiple countries indicates a significant PC relationship in weight status that varies according to PC pair type, parent and child weight statuses, world region, and country income level. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the risk of childhood obesity is greatly influenced by parental weight status and indicate that parents could play an important role in preventing child obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 1998

This study was carried out to provide information on the related factors for child obesity through investigation of children aged 6-12. Data was obtained on family history, dietary habits and physical examinations. Children were classified into normal(98 persons) and obese (108 persons) groups using combinations of the height f3r age, weight fir age, and weight fir height standards used by the World Health Organization. Children's height, weight and BMI showed significant differences between groups except children aged 8 for height. Birth weight, breast feeding and unbalanced diet were not associated with obesity. Overeating was a risk factor in the obese group(Odd ratio : 3.417, 95% CI 1.879-6.212). Taking nutrition pills was correlated to obesity. Odd ratio for taking nutrition pills was 0.109(95% CI : 0.024-0.492) between normal and obese group. Number of brothers didn't have any correlation to obesity. Obesity was not correlated to mother's education level or employmental status. As the result of this study, children's obesity was related to overeating and taking nutrition pills. Therefore, these results suggest that systematic dietary education and continuous parental supervision are necessary to avoid child obesity. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1158-1164, 1998)

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.300-310
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• 2004

Purpose: To compare normal weight children with obese children in terms of family factors, eating habits, and sociocognitive factors. Method: This study compared 217 obese children with 231 normal standard weight children of 4th-6th graders from 7 elementary schools in Kangwon province. The study also surveyed 817 their parents using questionnaires in which familial factors, eating habits, and sociocognitive factors such as dietary self-efficacy, locus of control and self-esteem were included. Result: Obese children had more obese family members, more family members with chronic metabolic disease, and lower breast-feeding rate than normal weight group. Dietary self-efficacy was positively correlated with eating habits and locus of control while no correlation was found with obesity index.. Self-esteem was negatively correlate with obesity index. Both the parents and the childrens eating habits showed significant positive correlation to the obesity index. Conclusion: These results implied familial factors, eating habits, and sociocognitive factors influenced childhood obesity. Thus, further research targeting to positive attitude toward familial dietary practices combined with significant sociocognitive factors, may lead to prevention and effective management of childhood obesity.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2011

Objectives: The childhood obesity causes not only physical problems but also psychosocial ones, thus making it difficult to treat than adult obesity. To prove this, study was performed to examine an obese child who was on an oriental medical treatment. Methods: This study was based on the obese child, visited the oriental medical center from March 13th, 2010 to December 22th, 2010. The patient has taken herbal medicine, moxibution, low frequency acupuncture, auricular therapy, and behavior modification. Results: While the patient was treated, his Body weight, Body Mass Index, Fat percents were reduced and the effect lingered for five more months since the treatment. Conclusions: This study shows that herbal medicine is effective on developmental disorder induced. However, further clinical studies are needed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior in obese elementary school children. Methods: The participants for this study were 280 students from seven elementary schools, located in Chonbuk Province. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and simple linear regression were used with SPSS WIN ver 15.0 Program. Results: The mean scores for self-efficacy and health promotion behavior were $2.95{\pm}0.60$ and $2.99{\pm}0.39$ respectively. There were significant positive correlations between health promotion behavior and self-efficacy (r= .614, p<.001). The main predictor of health promoting behavior in obese elementary school children was self-efficacy, which explained 37.7%. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate a need to develop nursing intervention programs to health promotion behavior in obese elementary school children including the promotion of self-efficacy.