• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2013

'Okhan' (Avena sativa L.), an oat cultivar for winter use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2011. It was derived from an original cross between 'Early80', exhibiting early heading, and 'Maine PI-590' (CI 7518), exhibiting large-size grain, in 1995. Subsequent generations as well as cross-bred cultivars were handled in bulk, and pedigree selection programs took place at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A promising line, 'SO95027-B-45-16-10-6-2-Y7-10', was selected in 2004, and was designated 'Gwiri74' after being selected from a yield trial for three years from 2005 to 2008. The breeding line 'Gwiri74' was subsequently evaluated for earliness of heading and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2009 to 2011, and was finally named as 'Okhan'. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Okhan' was about 6 days earlier than that of the check cultivar 'Samhan', and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at the milk-ripe stage was 15.0 ton $ha^{-1}$, compared with 14.1 ton $ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar. Cultivar 'Okhan' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (9.2% and 9.9%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (58.5%, and 59.3%, respectively), while the TDN yield per ha was more than the check (8.70 and 8.36 kg, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Okhan' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-7^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2017

A new naked oat cultivar, 'Jungmo2005'(Avena nuda L.), was developed for food and forage use by National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010. It was derived from a cross between $F_1$['Early80'/'Gwiri33'] and $F_1$['Early80'/'Gwiri23']. 'Early80', a covered oats, has early heading and high yielding, while 'Gwiri23' of covered type and 'Gwiri33' of naked type has early heading with large-size grain. 'Jungmo2005' has the characteristics of narrow and long leaves of pale green color, middle diameter culm of yellow color and medium grain of whitish yellow color. Cultivar 'Jungmo2005' had 2 days earlier heading date (May 9) than the check cultivar 'Seonyang' (May 11) in field condition. The 'Jungmo2005' showed better winter hardiness than that of the check cultivar, and similar to the check cultivar in respect to lodging resistance. The 'Jungmo2005' had 105 cm of culm length, 21.5 cm of spike length, 658 spikes per $m^2$, 82 grains per spike, 23.3 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 622 g of test weight. The grain yield of 'Jungmo2005' was averaged $3.38MT\;ha^{-1}$, which was 6% higher than that of the check. Average forage fresh and dry matter yield of 'Jungmo2005' harvested at milk-ripe stage were 44.8 and $12.6tone\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, compared with 47.5 and $12.5tone\;ha^{-1}$ of the check. The protein content of the 'Jungmo2005' was similar to the check (7.6% and 7.5%, respectively), while ADF (28.6%) and NDF (51.5%) were lower than the check (31.4% and 57.0%, respectively). TDN content and RFV were higher than those of the check (66.3%, 120.3 and 64.1, 105.2, respectively). 'Jungmo2005' is recommended for fall sowing cropping only in the south area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than $-4^{\circ}C$ in January, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damages is likely to occur. The areas would do better only to sow in spring season.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

'Taehan' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crops, NICS, RDA in 2012. It was derived from a cross between 'Malgwiri' and 'CI8015'. Subsequent generations were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. After 2 years of preliminary and advanced yield tests, 'SO00020B-YB-15-5-9-4-3', designated as 'Gwiri78', were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four regions such as Yesan, Iksan-1 (Paddy), Iksan-2 (upland), and Jeju from 2010 to 2012, and finally named 'Taehan'. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Taehan' was about 6 days earlier than that of the check cultivar 'Samhan' (May 8 and May 14, respectively), and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at the milk-ripe stage was 14.5 tone $ha^{-1}$, compared with 14.1 tone $ha^{-1}$ for the check cultivar. The cultivar 'Taehan' was lower than that of the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of protein content (6.3% and 7.7%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (60.7%, and 62.1%, respectively). The TDN yield was more than that of the check cultivar (9.1 tone $ha^{-1}$ and 8.0 tone $ha^{-1}$, respectively). Fall cropping of 'Taehan' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are > $-6^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountainous areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 2017

Due to increased consumption and demand for oat-related foods and processed food, this study examined physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and ${\beta}-glucan$ contents of 5 Korean naked oat cultivars. Oat seeds had long-grain appearance in all cultivars except for Seonyang. The contents of main components such as protein, starch, and crude fat were significantly different among cultivars. The total ${\beta}-glucan$ content was 3.78-4.60% and the soluble ${\beta}-glucan$ ratio was 71-83%. Fatty acid composition was C18:1, C18:2, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:3. Unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) content was 75.4-81.2%. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethyl-benzo-thiaxoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity were significantly different for each cultivar. Daeyang had the highest ${\beta}-glucan$, USFA content, and antioxidant activity. Protein content showed a negative correlation with starch content (r = -0.775). Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with total phenol content (r =0.760). Ash content and flour whiteness showed a positive correlation (r =0.732).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2023

In order to select high-quality winter cereal crops with high yield and to increase self-sufficiency rate of forage, their growth, yield, and feeding value of several cereal crops cultivated in winter were investigated in the paddy field of the southern region. Four wheat cultivars and green barley headed in early and mid-April, while oat and Italian ryegrass headed in early May. Fresh forage yields of wheats, green barley, and oat were significantly higher than that of Italian ryegrass, and dry forage yields of wheats and green barley were significantly higher than those of not only Italian ryegrass but also oat. In particular, the yield of a wheat cultivar 'Cheongwoo' was the highest. Mineral contents of wheat forages, even though low, were in the range 27.8~33.7mg·g^-1 DW suitable for feeding cattle and young female cows. Crude protein content of a wheat cultivar 'Cheongwoo' was high up to 7.6%, similarly to 7.0% requiring for feeding cattle. Feeding values such as total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) of wheats and green barley were superior to those of oat and Italian ryegrass. In addition, dry matter rates of 4 wheat cultivars and green barley were in the range 30~40%, indicating that wheat cultivars and green barley could be used for various feeding purposes such as green or dried forage, and silage. Based on these results, wheat cultivars including 'Cheongwoo' and green barley could be encouraged to be cultivated in paddy fields, as high-quality winter forage crops with high yield.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

'Jungmo2501' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010. The following is the characteristics of 'Jungmo2501' that is characterized as light green leaf, yellow brown culm and whitish yellow grain. The heading date of 'Jungmo2501' was about 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Samhan'(May 7 and May 10, respectively). Its plant height was 11 cm longer than 103 cm of the check, and the leaf blade ratio of aerial parts was 26 % higher than the check (11.8% and 9.4%, respectively). The cold tolerance, resistance to lodging and wet injury of 'Jungmo2501' were similar to those of the check. The average forage dry matter yield of 'Jungmo2501' harvested at milk-ripe stage was 5% higher than the check ($15.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ and $14.7ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). 'Jungmo2501' was higher than the check in terms of protein content (6.6% and 5.9%, respectively), neutral detergent fiber (58.5% and 57.6%, respectively), and acid detergent fiber (34.5% and 32.1%, respectively), while total digestible nutrients was lower than the check (61.6% and 63.6%, respectively), and TDN yield was $0.37ton\;ha^{-1}$ more than that of the check ($9.71ton\;ha^{-1}$ and $9.34ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). The silage grade of 'Jungmo2501' estimated by Flig score showed level II, meaning good quality. Fall sowing cropping of 'Jungmo2501' is recommended only for areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-6^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.302-302
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluated the effects of different sowing time(October 22, February 20, March 3, March 13, and March 23) and sowing quantities(150kg/ha, 200kg/ha, 250kg/ha, and 300kg/ha) on growth of naked oat(Avena sativa L.) cultivar(Choyang-Gwiri) at a cultivation area in Iksan, south Korea. Heading times were delayed with later sowing times. In autumn seeding(Oct. 22) the ear was headed at April 30, in spring seeding(Feb. 20, Mar. 3, Mar. 13, and Mar. 23) heading times were respectively May 14, May 14, May 15, and May 19. Heading time of spring seeding was delayed about 3 weeks than autumn seeding. Ripening times were similar trends to the heading times. In autumn seeding ears were ripened at June 7, in spring seeding each times were respectively Jun. 15, Jun. 13, Jun. 20, and Jun. 20. Ripening time of spring seeding was delayed about 2 weeks than autumn seeding. Culm length and ear length were shortened in spring seeding, but number of plants per $m^2$ were increased. Number of grains per a ear were 106 in autumn seeding, but grains per a ear in spring seeding were respectively 88, 83, 83, and 73. Weight of 1,000 grains in spring seeding was heavier than that in autumn seeding, the weights were tend to light as later seeding times. Yield of grains was declined as later seeding times, yield of in autumn seeding was 2,900kg/ha, whereas that in spring seeding was 2,180kg/ha. The highest yield of spring seeding time was in Mar. 13, before this seeding time soil surfaces were severely dried as few rain fall, so germination was poor in those seeding times. As several seeding quantities were seeding, earing and ripening times were not different. but increasing seeding quantity, culm length was lengthened and ear length was shortened, number of plants per $m^2$ were increased and grains per a ear were reduced. Yield of grains were increased more seeding quantities, yield was highest up to 250kg/ha seeding quantity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to efficiently produce forage crop seed of spring oat (Avena sativa L., cultivar High Speed) in Gyeongbuk area. Forage crop oats (130 kg/ha) were sown with a randomized block design. They were sown in triplicates in 2015 and 2016 using basal fertilizer of 70 kg N, 74 kg P, and 39 kg K/ha. Agronomic traits and seed production of oats were investigated to determine the influence of seeding dates (February 28/29th, March 10th, and March 20th). Heading, flowering, and maturing dates of these oats sown on February 28/29th and March 10th were almost close to each other with 1-2 days of difference for all test plots. For oats sown on the last day (28/29) of Feb., plant heights (111.6-122.6 cm) were significantly longer than those sown in March each year. In addition, panicle number ($416.7per\;m^2$) and panicle length (17.3 cm) of oats sown on the last day of February were also significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those of oats sown in March in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended to sow these oats on the last day of February to have better agronomic traits in terms of plant height, stem length, panicle length, and panicle number $per\;m^2$. Grain numbers (56.3 and 63.3) and kernel weights (1.72 and 2.00 g) per spike in plots of oats sown on the last day of February were also significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those of oats in other plots in 2016 and in the average of 2015~2016, respectively. The highest grain yield (6,243 kg/ha) was obtained when oats were sown on the last day of February. Feed value of harvested oats was good in terms of proximate compositions including fiber contents and TDN contents. In conclusion, sowing on the last day of February is the most effective way to increase seed production of spring oats in Gyeongbuk area of Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the changes in physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and contents of functional compounds, such as avenanthramides (AVNs), vitamin E, and ${\beta}$-glucan, in oats by accelerated age-conditioning (temperature: $45^{\circ}C$, relative humidity: 20%). No significant differences were observed in crude protein, crude fat, and AVNs contents of three oat cultivars, up to 63 days of storage; however, their antioxidant activities, as well as ${\beta}$-glucan, vitamin E, and fatty acid contents were significantly different (p < 0.05). ${\beta}$-glucan and fatty acid contents and the antioxidant activities of Deayang (DY) cultivar did not change during storage. ${\beta}$-glucan and unsaturated fatty acid contents of Choyang (CY) and Jopung (JP) increased during the storage period, while antioxidant activities did not (DPPH-CY; 48.1 to 26.9 mg TEAC/100 g, JP; 49.4 to 26.7 mg TEAC/100 g. ABTS-CY; 88.4 to 56.3 mg TEAC/100 g, JP; 80.0 to 55.8 mg TEAC/100 g). The total vitamin E content in DY (1.20 to 0.85 mg/100 g) and CY (1.73 to 1.33 mg/100 g) decreased, but it was maintained in JP. This study indicated that the changes in physicochemical properties and functional compounds of oat grains during storage depends on the cultivars. The result showed that DY, which has the highest AVNs content, has more stable functional compounds and antioxidant activities during storage. These results can serve as essential data for post-harvest management and development of functional food materials for extending the use of oats.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2021

To select rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars suitable for forage-rice double cropping system, the growth and grain quality of four early maturing rice cultivars (Joun, Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Unkwang), and the chemical properties of soils were investigated under single- (fallow-rice) and forage-rice double-cropping systems in paddy fields in Miryang, southern Korea. The soil where two forage crops [Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)] were cultivated during winter had a slightly lower pH; an increase in total nitrogen (T-N), K, Ca, and Na contents; and a slight decrease in organic matter and available P₂O₅ contents, compared with the soil fallowed during winter. This shows that the chemical properties of paddy soils can be improved by winter forage cropping. At the heading stage, the culm length, panicle length, panicle number, and leaf color of all cultivars, except for Haedamssal, were generally higher under double-cropping than under single-cropping. For Haedamssal, the culm length and leaf color did not differ between the cropping systems, but the panicle length was slightly shortened and its panicle number increased under double-cropping. After harvest, the yield of milled rice decreased for all cultivars except Haedamssal, but increased in Haedamssal under double-cropping. The head rice rate was slightly higher under double cropping, particularly in Jopyeong and Haedamssal, than under single-cropping. The protein content of milled rice under double cropping was higher and its amylose content was similar or slightly lower compared to those of rice under single cropping, resulting in decreased Toyo values for rice under double-cropping. The pasting temperature did not differ significantly between the cropping systems. However, Haedamssal had a low pasting temperature but a high Toyo value under double cropping, compared to the other three cultivars, suggesting that its palatability is relatively high. Furthermore, panicle number increased and milled rice yield did not decrease, even under double cropping. Therefore, Haedamssal seems to be the best cultivar for paddy-based double cropping with forage crops.