• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 2014

Studies were made to optimize the media composition in bag culture and conducted to determine the possibility of artificial cultivation of Auricularia auricula. Sawdust spawn of media composition for optimal growth were found to be oak-sawdust 80%combination of 20% popla-sawdust were the best of the optimal combination. And optimal substrate combination were found to be cotton-seed meal combination of 10% wheat bran 5% mixed were the best of combination. The duration of spawn run period and primordial formation period on bag(1.2 kg) were 50 days and 7 days, respectively. The weight of fruiting body and the yield(100ea, 1.2 kg) of fresh fruit-body were 24 g and 45,000 g, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.104-110
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• 2017

In order to determine the possibility of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, a study was carried out to optimize the medium composition used for bed culture. Sawdust spawn of medium composition for optimal growth was found to be the combination of 75% oak-sawdust, 10% cotton-seed meal, and 15% beet pulp. The optimal conditions for the formation of fruiting bodies were shown to be a temperature of $28-30^{\circ}C$, light intensity of 1,000-1,500 lux, and $CO_2$ concentration of 1%.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2005

To study the cultural characteristics and wood rotting ability of the secondary mycellia of Armillaria mellea, it was cultivated on the various media. The optimal mycelial growth condition was 20~27 and pH 5.0~6.5 on PDB. A. mellea grew well on MEA, PDA and GP. Lactose and mannitol as carbon sources and glutamic acid as nitrogen sources were found to be effective as additives. A. mellea employed in this study have the characteristics of white rot types. Pine and oak wood were selected as candidates for sawdust substrate.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2000

Mass loss and changes of mineral nutrients during the decomposition of mushrooms, Russula alboareolata and Lactarius violascens, were investigated for 7d from June 29 to July 5 in 1999 in an oak stand in Kongju, Korea. At 7d after installation of litterbags, the remaining mass of R. alboareolata and L. violaxcens was 9.4% and 25.9%, respectively. The mass loss rate of R. alboareolata was significantly higher than that of L. violascens. Concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg of R. alboareolata and L. violascens were 37.7 mg/g, 0.97mg/g, 38.25 mg/g, 0.04 mg/g, and 0.75 mg/g for R. alboareolata and 45.7 mg/g, 1.31mg/g, 24.0 mg/g, 0.06 mg/g, and 0.80 mg/g for L. violascens, respectively. Concentrations of nutrients in R. alboareolata and L. violascens were much higher than those in the surrounding leaf litter. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in the decomposing mushroom tissue were higher during the experimental period in both species than initial concentrations. Potassium increased during the first 3 d and then decreased in both species. Potassium contents in the mushroom were much greater than those of Ca and Mg. Except for Ca, there was no immobilization period in all the nutrients during decomposition. At 7 d after installation of litterbags, the remaining N, P, K, Ca and Mg of R. alboareolata and L. violascens were 9.8%, 8.9%, 2.7%, 47.7%, and 14.8% of the initial contents for R. alboareolata and 28.2%,30.5%, 19.6%, 199.9%, and 02.1% for L. violascens, respectively. Nutrients could be relocated spatially during the formation and decomposition of the Basidiomycetes fruiting body.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.331-333
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• 2018

The incorporation of Shiitake culture into sawdust is a widely utilized technique that can assist in reducing the cost and time consumption associated with oak cultivation. In sawdust cultivation, browning of the surface mycelia is an important stage with respect to the utility and longevity of the sawdust media. Surface browning forms a protective coating on the substrate, which can inhibit the invasion of pathogens and suppress water evaporation. Several different light sources (red LED, white LED, blue LED, and fluorescent light) were used and the intensity of illumination was carefully controlled (1.5, 10.5, $20.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ for LEDs and 10, 100, 300 lux for the fluorescent light) to induce browning. The light sources were regulated via a 1 h on/off cycle in a controlled room environment at a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$, 60% humidity, and 1200 ppm $CO_2$ concentration for 60days. The browning effect varied depending on the source and the intensity of illumination. This effect was most effectively induced at $1.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ for the red and blue LEDs. All light sources induced less browning at the highest intensity of illumination. This indicates that intensity values higher than $20.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ in the case of the LEDs and 300 lux for the fluorescent light are not effective. After harvesting of the fruit bodies, we measured the weight, length, and width of the pileus and stipe in addition to their chromaticity and hardness. Treatment with $1.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ blue LED produced the best harvest with the highest average chromaticity, weight (21.2 g), stipe length (30.8 mm), and hardness (377.9 g), with a fine length and width of the pileus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2018

We aimed to increase the utility of Broussonetia kazinoki (paper mulberry) by using its woody parts as a substrate for Lentinula edodes cultivation. Using different mixing ratios of paper mulberry and oak tree sawdust, five types of column-type media were prepared (1.2 kg each). Two L. edodes strains (NIFoS 2462 and NIFoS 2778) were used in this study. In the first flush, numerous small mushrooms were harvested because the fruited mushrooms were densely packed on the small media. The highest productivity was obtained with a 3:1 mixture of paper mulberry and oak tree sawdust (Q. acutissima:Q. mongolica, 1:1). In particular, for NIFoS 2462, the proportion of paper mulberry in the medium positively correlated with productivity. The size of NIFoS 2778 was uniform in all media tested. By contrast, the mushroom weight of NIFoS 2462 decreased, but the other characteristics were not significantly affected. Collectively, these findings suggest that B. kazinoki sawdust could be used to grow shiitake mushrooms and that some oak sawdust substitution is also possible. Our results could increase the utility of discarded by-products, such as sawdust.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.120-128
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• 2012

Recently sawdust cultivation of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is increasing. It is important to make mycelia to be brown on the substrate surface. This browned surface in sawdust cultivation plays an important role like as artificial bark of the oak log, which protects the other pests and suppresses water evaporation in the substrate. In order to isolate genes which related to brown color formation, differential display method was used. Two cDNA fragments obtained by DD-PCR were 1.2 and 1.6kb and these were expressed in white colored mycelia from L. edodes, but not brown colored mycelia. Partial sequencing of these cDNA fragments showed that the 1.6kb cDNA had 100% identity with the microsatellites gene from Dugenia polichroa. However, the other 1.2kb cDNA fragment had poly T tail on 3' region of partial open reading frame on 5' region. The new primer designed based on the sequence of 1.2kb cDNA was constructed. RT-PCR analysis using the newly designed 0.12kb cDNA specific primer showed that the gene was only expressed in white color mycelia, but not in brown color mycelia. Sequence analysis of 5' region of this 1.2kb cDNA revealed that this gene contained partial open reading frame consisted of 110 amino acid. Homology search using DNASIS database showed that this gene had high sequence homology of 66.7% in DNA level and 69.2 % in amino acid level with dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratases gene from Arabidopsis thaliata. The dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratases gene was known to be function to have tolerance with oxidation stress. These results strongly suggest that this gene isolated from white mycelia of L. edodes might have a function of repressor against mycelia browning. Therefore I designated this gene as BCR (Brown Color Repressor) gene.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2015

Vitamin D contents in agricultural products and foods were quantified by high performance liquid chromomatography (HPLC) with a UV/Vis detector, using external standard methods. The results were confirmed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After homogenization, samples were hydrolyzed by direct alkali saponification. Thereafter, fat-soluble components were extracted with n-hexane containing 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Vitamin D contents in cereals were found to be in the range of $1.882{\sim}4.856{\mu}g/100g$. Juda's ear and oak mushroom contained high amounts of vitamin D, at 363.85 and $199.42{\mu}g/100g$ of edible portion, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.808-811
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• 1988

Antithiamine activities of dried wild vegetables consumed in Korea were evaluated by means of the thiochrome fluorescence and Lactobacillus viridescens bioassay methods and compared with the phenolic content and the degree of browning of the samples. Eggplant, sweet Potato stalk, bracken, red pepper leaf, Aster scaber and mugwort had higher antithiamine activities than Codonopsis lanceolata, doraji, taro stalk, pumpkin, oak mushroom and acorn starch. Wild vegetables with high antithiamine activity tended to have a high phenolic content and degree of browning. It is recommended that wild vegetables should not be cooked with thiamine-rich foods and be eaten immediately after cooking in order to minimize the thiamine decomposition.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 1981

Three edible species and one species utilized as drug were selected from wild mushrooms collected from mountains and fields throughout Korea during 1977 to 1979 for artificial cultivation. The media, MES for G. lucidum, MHS for P. rudis and MSES and MHS for P. adipose and Pluteus sp. were selected. The range of optimum pH was 4.0 to 5.0 in citric acid-sodium phosphate dibasic for the tested species. The range of optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of G. lucidum and P. adiposa was 25 to 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 30 to 35$^{\circ}C$ for P. rudis and Pluteus sp. For the moisture content 75 to 80% (w/w) in the substrates, the mycelial growth of most tested species was rapid. As the spawning substrates, poplar sawdust for G. lucidum and Pluteus sp., oak sawdust for P. rudis and wheat for P. adipose were selected, respectively. In this experiment, the fruit bodies of all tested species were appeared. Among them, G. lucidum for medicinal purpose and P. adiposa and Pluteus sp. for sources of new edible mushrooms seems to be possible. However, the sporophores of P. rudis were not adequate as an edible mushroom for the commercial due to the leathery flesh.