• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.10-19
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study is to investigate the self-healing properties of ternary blended cement(TBC) paste made with OPC, GGBFS and FA. The influence of OPC-GGBFS-FA on the self-healing ability of ternary blended cement paste was researched by ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV) measurement. The TBC paste with GGBFS-FA replacement ratios of 20%, 40% and 60% were prepared having a constant water-cementitious materials ratios os 0.5. The research focuses on behavior after 28days(after loading). Four-point bending tests are used to pre-cracked the prismatic specimens at 28days. For specimens (uncracked and cracked) submerged in tap-water and sea-water until 60days. According to the experimental results, the TBC paste system has self-healing ability increased when the fraction of GGBFS increased. Because GGBFS and FA continues to hydrate after 28days, it is likely that hydrated products from GGBFS and FA may modify microstructures, seal these cracks. From these results, it is clear that the crack in all samples experience self-healing and that this occurs mostly in the first 30days of submerging. Futhermore, most of the healing for both specimens of submerged in sea-water and tap-water occurred during the first 30days. Sea-water submerged specimens healed cracks as fast as those in tap-water. Differences in healing effects of submerged in sea-water and tap-water may be attributed to the presence of specific sea-water ions. Therefore, self-healing effects considered age-effects was more strong effect occurred mostly in the first 30days, and then gradually weaken.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.419-431
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide the correct knowledge on GDM(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) to nurses for effective care of pregnant women with GDM by investigating the knowledge of nurses about GDM. The subjects of this study were 557 nurses who work at six general hospitals in Seoul and Gyung-Gi province of Korea. The data were collected from November, 2000 to December, 2000, using a 30-item knowledge questionnaire about GDM consisted of eight areas developed by Choi et al. (2000): characteristics and diagnosis, influence on pregnancy, goal and method of management, diet therapy, exercise therapy, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and postpartum care of GDM. The data were analyzed by SAS program for t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of knowledge on GDM was 23.18. 2. There were significant differences according to age(p= 0.002), education background (p= 0.045). working period(p= 0.000), working unit(p= 0000), working experience of obstetric and gynecologic (OS & GY) units(p= 0.000), experience of pregnancy (p=0.003) and experience of delivery (p=0.014) in GDM knowledge. 3. The level of each area on GDM knowledge was as follows; 1) Area of characteristics and diagnosis of GDM The mean score of this area was 0.79. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.003), marital status (p=0.018), working period(p=0.002) working unit(p=0.007), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.005), experience of pregnancy(p=0.034) and experience of delivery(p=0.033). 2) Area of influence on pregnancy The mean score of this area was 0.93. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.006), working unit (p=0.000) and working experience of OB & GY units(p= 0.000). 3) Area of goal and method of management The mean score of this area was 0.70. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.004), region(p=0.006), education background(p=0.013), marital status(p=0.007), working period(p=0.000), working unit(p=0.011), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.002), experience of pregnancy(p=0.025) and experience of delivery(p=0.043). 4) Area of diet therapy. The mean score of this area was 0.74. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.002), region(p=0.011), marital status (p=0.001). working period (p=0.007). working unit(p=0.002), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.001), experience of pregnancy(p=0.001), experience of delivery(p=0.011) and diabetes patients in family members(p=0.032). 5) Area of exercise therapy. The mean score of this area was 0.83. There were not significant differences in all general characteristics. 6) Area of insulin therapy The mean score of this area was 0.61. Nurses' knowledges were significant differences by age (p=0.024), marital status (p=0.048), working period(p=0.027), working unit(p=0.002), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.000), experience of pregnancy (p=0.047) and experience of delivery(p=0.040). 7) Area of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The mean score of this area was 0.83. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by marital status (p=0.027), working period(p=0.001). experience of pregnancy(p=0.020) and experience of delivery(p=0.010). 8) Area of postpartum care The mean score of this area was 0.69. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by working unit(p=0.000), working experience of OB & GY units (p=0.000) and working experience of medical unit(p=0.047). The results of this study are suggested that nurses might be taught systemically and individually about GDM so that they can become more proficient in detecting and preventing GDM, and therefore they will feel confident to teach GDM to women.