• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.309-313
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• 1998

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis was conducted to Schisandra nigra plants in order to select the specific markers for monoecious and dioecious individuals. RAPD results using eighty random 10-mer primers revealed that S. nigra had a different banding pattern from S. chinensis and Kadsura japonica. When DNA isolated from leaves of monoecious and dioecious plants were used as PCR template, only five primers, OPA-17, OPA-19, OPB-03, OPB-09 and OFB-16, showed polymorphic band patterns. No variation in banding profiles within male or female individuals was observed when these five primers were used whereas three monoecious plants (No 1, No 2 and No 3) showed different banding patterns one another, A 750 bp segment was amplified by primer OPB-3 from male individuals. On the other hand, two segments, 950 bp and 1690 bp, with OPA-19 and 700 bp of segment with OPB-3 were amplified in female individuals. These result indicate that the specific buds of male and female S. nigra could be used as genetic markers for the early discrimination of male and female individuals.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2000

In this paper CPLD design of cryptographic coprocessor which implements SEED algorithm is described. To satisfy trade-off between area and speed, the coprocessor has structure in which 1 round operation is divided into three subrounds and then each subround is executed using one clock. To improve clock frequency, online precomputation scheme for round key is used. To apply the coprocessor to various applications, four operating modes such as ECB, CBC, CFB, and OFB are supported. The cryptographic coprocessor is designed using Altera EPF10K100GC503-3 CPLD device and its operation is verified by encryption or decryption of text files through ISA bus interface. It consists of about 29,300 gates and performance of CPLD chip is about 44 Mbps encryption or decryption rate under 18 Mhz clock frequency and ECB mode.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2013

Aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterial in cosmetics and medical materials. For this reason, Al-NP exposure is very likely to occur via inhalation in the environment and the workplace. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of Al-NP neurotoxicity via inhalation exposure. In this study, we investigated the effect AL-NPs on the brain. Rats were exposed to Al-NPs by nasal instillation at 1 mg/kg body weight (low exposure group), 20 mg/kg body weight (moderate exposure group), and 40 mg/kg body weight (high exposure group), for a total of 3 times, with a 24-hr interval after each exposure. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis indicated that the presence of aluminum was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the olfactory bulb (OFB) and the brain. In microarray analysis, the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activity (GO: 0043405), including Ptprc, P2rx7, Map2k4, Trib3, Trib1, and Fgd4 was significantly over-expressed in the treated mice than in the controls (p = 0.0027). Moreover, Al-NPs induced the activation of ERK1 and p38 MAPK protein expression in the brain, but did not alter the protein expression of JNK, when compared to the control. These data demonstrate that the nasal exposure of Al-NPs can permeate the brain via the olfactory bulb and modulate the gene and protein expression of MAPK and its activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 1996

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phosphate, aimno acid, and BSA on in vitro development of mammalian embryos. In vitro-matured and -fertilized(IVM/IVF) bovine embryos were cultured in simple, chemically defined, protein-free medium(mTLP-PVA0. When the phosphate concentration of mTLP-PVA supplemented with 19 amino acid were adjusted to 0.0, 0.10, 0.35, 1.05 and 2.10mM by the concentration of sodium phoshpate, there were no significant different in development ability of IVM/IVF bovine embryos cultured in the medium containing from 0.00 to 1.05mM phosphate until 48 hours post-insemination, However, proportion of embryos developing to $$8-cell and morula at 96 and 144 hours post- insemination, respectively, was significantly increased in the medium with o.35 mM phosphate(p<0.05). There was significant difference between O.10(18%)-0.35(24%)mM phosphate and 1.05(13%)-2.10(1%)mM phosphate in supporting development to blastocyst(p<0.05). When IVM/IVF bovine embryos were cultured in the medium supplemented with 19 amino acids, significant different was observed in the proporton of embryos reaching $$8-cell(49-50%), morula(38-40%) and blastocyst (29-32%) stages at 96, 144, and 192 hours post-insemination, respectively(p<0.05). Glutamine alone had no benefit on embryo development. When BSA was added to mTLP-PVA with 0.35mM phosphate, glutamine and 19 amino acids at 8, 48, 120 hours post-insemination, BSA significantly enhanced the development ability ofb embryos reaching $$2-cell (74-77%), $$8-cell (49-53%), morula(43-47%), and blastocyst(38-42%) stages at 48, 96, 144, and 192 hours post-insemination, respectively, regardless of the time of BSA addition.