• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.345-364
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• 2013

This paper analyzed the Trade Structure of environmental industry in Korea and some major countries in preparation for The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) Trade Liberalization Negotiation in the environmental goods. Based on 161 environmental goods list proposed by OECD, this paper examined the Trade Returns of worldwide environmental goods during the past 10 years from 2002 to 2011. The analysis showed that Korean environmental goods' International Market Share(IMS) in the world was 3.2%; trade specialization index(TSI) -0.128; Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA) 1.002 in 2011. And Korea Export Similarity Index(ESI) to Japan was the highest rank in the world market. According to the results of investigation, it is clear that International Competitiveness of the Korean Environmental Industry was received a relatively poor evaluation compared with Korean trade scale. To strengthen the competitiveness, it is required that Korean government should make an effort to boost domestic environmental industry and promote systematically Trade Liberalization Negotiation including the enforcement of transient period for Korean environmental goods in the next DDA Negotiation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.45-57
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• 2019

The digital economy has created a new platform-based business model and raised the issue of the international taxation system in line with rapid economic development. Voices of fair taxation have also grown due to tax breaks to countries with low tax rates, problems caused by the gap between traditional and digital companies, and problems of business-oriented taxation systems. As a result, the international movement to lay the foundation for the international taxation system based on the business model suitable for the digital economy has become active. The stances of foreign organizations and countries are different, and the necessity of domestic policy introduction is increasing when cooperation at the international level is needed. This study was conducted to analyze the policy network and to help decision making. The results of the study showed that there were differences among domestic stakeholders depending on the actors. The EU suggested SDP in the long term, Digital Service Tax in the short term, and OECD suggested SEP in the long term. It was found that a careful approach to decision making and an in-depth study of the policy process are necessary.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

Utilizing OECD-WTO's Trade in Value Added (TiVA) data, this study investigates the effects of economic integration (EI) on TiVA Empirical results obtained from structural gravity specifications reveal that EI increases trade between member countries, irrespective the types of exports in final goods and intermediate goods as well as foreign value added in total exports and domestic value added in total exports. The empirical results also reveal that EI does not decrease the share of domestic value added in total exports.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.211-230
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of digital co-teaching between teachers online on improving students' reading literacy. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a pre-test was conducted on first-year high school students, and a post-test was conducted after conducting the co-teaching over two sessions. For statistical analysis, the data of 101 students with no missing values in pre- and post-tests were used. Through the OECD's PISA reading literacy evaluation framework and factor analysis, a reading literacy test tool consisting of expression, comprehension, and information literacy was developed and the degree of change in reading literacy was measured through a self-report with the tool. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the digital co-teaching had a statistically significant positive effect on the expression, comprehension and information literacy of high school students. This study is meaningful in that it shows that digital co-teaching can be applied as a way to improve reading literacy in PISA organized by the OECD.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.153-169
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• 2008

This paper examines the recently empirical test for the two types of endogenous growth models, which one is more fitted to real data. We adopt the non-stationary panel data methodologies for seeking empirical implication by using productivity and R&D data in the OECD over the past two decades. The Empirical tests show that there is a robust relationship Total Factor Productivity and R&D variables implied by semi-endogenous growth model. The relationship suggested by fully endogenous growth theory, however, is sensitive to R&D variables. Therefore, the estimation results provide empirical evidence in favour of endogenous growth theory of R&D expenditure role for sustaining economic growth. The sustained Total Factor Productivity, however, is maintained by more increasing R&D inputs for overcoming diminishing return to R&D efforts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.1167-1188
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• 2017

최근 4차 산업혁명 등 대외적 R&D 환경의 급속한 변화와 이로 인한 과학기술의 융 복합 및 첨단화가 가속화됨에 따라 이에 대응하기 위해 신산업분야를 중심으로 국가 간 공동협력이 점차 활발해짐에도 불구하고, 우리나라는 연구개발 주체의 연구역량 열위, 연구주체의 폐쇄성, 국가 R&D 제도적 미흡 등으로 인해 국가 간 공동연구 활동도가 매우 미흡한 편이다. 2016년 국가과학 기술혁신역량평가 국제협력 항목에서도 우리나라의 국제협력 항목지수는 0.206으로 2015년(0.182) 대비 0.024p 상승하였으나, 여전히 OECD 30개국 중 16위에 머무르는 것으로 나타났으며, 국제협력 상위 3개국에 대한 상대수준에서도 평균 10.3% 수준에 불과하여 국제 공동연구 활동도를 높이기 위한 다각적인 개선방안 확립에 대한 요구가 점차 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2015년 연구에 이어 미래 신산업 분야에서 우리나라와 해외 주요국의 국제 공동연구 현황을 중심으로 핵심연구자 간(연구 활동도 상위 5위 이하) 국제공동연구에 대한 활동도 비교 분석을 통해 정확한 현황을 진단하고, 향후 우리나라 연구주체의 연구개발 개방화, 국제 협력 전략적 분야 및 대상 발굴, 국제공동연구 활성화 등에 대한 발전방안을 고찰하고자 하였다. 국내 및 글로벌 핵심 연구자 간 글로벌 공동연구 현황을 분석하기 위해서 KDD/KM 방법론을 활용한 공동연구자 분석(Co-author analysis)네트워크 기법을 활용하였으며, 동 방법론의 활용을 통해서 신산업 분야 중 가사로봇분야의 상위 10개 국가, 기관, 연구자에 대해 분석하고, 논문 활동도가 높은 글로벌 및 한국의 상위 5위까지의 핵심 연구자를 대상으로 연구자 간 국제공동연구에 대한 현황 및 활동도에 대한 공동연구 네트워크 분석을 수행하였다.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2001

There is no doubt that electronic commerce facilitates international trade and lower transaction cost and help firms make the best of the opportunities of market access. The comprehensive programs had been implemented to provide better electronic commerce environments by international organizations such as OECD, UNCITRAL, APEC and etc. Especially, WTO plays the most important role to implement efficient forms and rules on electronic commerce after Seattle 3rd Ministerial Conference. Member countries recognize the need to conduct the electronic commerce in compliance with the principles and rules of WTO. However, there are many issues to be solved such as the clarifications of concepts and definitions, the possibility of adaptation of technological neutrality In GATS, the Imposition of taxation in electronic commerce transactions and the methods of protecting copyright as well as trademark. The Implementation of concrete forms and rules of electronic commerce in the WTO will be influential to international trade as the member countries have to adapt them In their transactions. Considering that further discussion will be continued in GATS, we need to analyze the problems and strategies for electronic commerce.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.343-359
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• 2014

This study investigates how cultural differences between countries affect bilateral trade volumes, using Hofstede's cultural index that reflects nations' cultural characteristics. Empirical analyses of the impacts of Hofstede's five cultural characteristics on bilateral trade volumes are conducted either in each separate equation or simultaneously. Bilateral trade data of OECD countries plus China as of year 2010 is used for regression analysis on gravity model. Regression results from individual equation for each cultural index variable show tthe smaller the index gaps of power distances and uncertainty avoidance among countries, the larger bilateral trade volumes. On the contrary, the larger the index gaps of long-term orientation among countries, the larger bilateral trade volumes. If five Hofstede cultural indexes are regressed in a single equation, however, only variables of power distance and long-term orientation are significant. The analysis largely confirms that bilateral trade among countries with similar culture have much potrential to grow. It implies that policy actions for cultural proximity are very important for furthering bilateral trade.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.71-96
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• 2010

This article firstly reviewed Permanent Established(PE) concept of OECD and UN model tax treaty and compared it with that of Korean Corporate Income Tax Law(CITL). The various factors regarding profit like ways of deciding the local source profit, scope and calculation method which will be imputed to PE were also reviewed. Based on above, standard PE judgement basis and calculation method of local source profit were also studied by using actual cases in foreign corporation which performs plant construction & sales in Korea. Accordingly to properly solve the conflict regarding international tax and to protect the tax authority against the foreign corporation in Korea, by standing on equality, I now propose followings for the better concept of PE in Korea. Firstly, the article that a building site or construction or installation project constitutes a PE only if it lasts more than 6 months should be modified to reflect OECD model convention's criteria of 12 months. Second, the scope of 'subordinate attorney' which is regarded as PE under CITL is now including 'holding-delivery attorney', 'order attorney', and 'assurance attorney' as well as 'contract attorney'. This is overly limit the activities of foreign corporation. It had better be loosened only to include 'contract attorney' as OECD provisions. Third, the CITL limits the cases of preparatory and/or auxiliary place which is not regarded as PE, thus limit the foreign corporations' business by expanding the concept of PE. This had better be eased. Fourth, in deciding the amount of local source profits, the CITL stipulates to split the profits by the relevant contribution of transaction parties through 'profit split method'. To solve the conflict, the ways of profit split must be better clarified through providing object and detailed standard and basis.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-117
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• 1997

이 논문에서는 이산화탄소 배출 감축을 위한 국제적 협력이 구체화 될 경우 동아시아에서 잠재적 상호 협력 대상국이 될 수 있는 한국, 중국, 일본을 대상으로 그리고 논의의 주요한 시기적 기점이 되는 1990년에 대해 이산화탄소 배출량을 추정하고 삼국간의 배출량의 차이를 산업별로 비교하고 그 차이를 발생시키는 요인에 대해 분석을 시도하고 있다. 여기서 중국은 지구온난화 가스 배출에 있어서도 세계에서 주요한 비중을 차지하고 있다는 점에서 그리고 한국은 새로운 OECD 회원국이 된 대표적인 신흥공업국으로서 지구 온난화 가스 감축을 위한 국제적 압력의 대상이 되고 있다는 점에서, 그리고 일본은 동아시아에서 환경문제에서도 유일한 선진국으로서 국제적 협력관계에서 지원국의 입장에 서게 될 것이라는 점에서 각각 중요한 의의가 있다. 한편 1990년은 1992년의 지구온난화 협약에서 논의의 기준연도이기도 하지만 한국과 일본에서 산업연관분석 통계가 이용 가능한 최근의 연도이기도 하다. 그러나 중국의 경우 이용 가능한 1987년도 산업연관분석 통계자료가 사용되었으며, 삼국에 대해 각각 에너지 및 이산화탄소 배출 원단위 통계 등을 이용하여 이산화탄소 배출량의 추정 및 배출 요인의 비교 분석이 이루어 졌다.