• 제목/요약/키워드: OEB

검색결과 18건 처리시간 0.025초

Protein Evaluation of Dry Roasted Whole Faba Bean (Vicia faba) and Lupin Seeds (Lupinus albus) by the New Dutch Protein Evaluation System: the DVE/OEB System

  • Yu, P.;Egan, A.R.;Leury, B.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.871-880
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    • 1999
  • The effects of dry roasting (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 45 min) on potential ruminant protein nutritional values in terms of: a), rumen bypass protein (BCP); b), rumen bypass starch (BST); c), fermented organic matter (FOM); d), true absorbed bypass protein (ABCP); e) microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available energy (E_MP); f), microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available nitrogen (N_MP); g), true protein supplied to the small intestine (TPSI); h), true absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (AMP); i), endogenous protein losses (ENDP); j), true digested protein in the small intestine (DVE); k), degraded protein balance (OEB) of whole lupin seeds (WLS) and faba beans (WFB) were evaluated by the new Dutch DV/OEB protein evaluation system. Dry roasting significantly increased BCP, BST, TPSI, ABCP, DVE (p<0.001) and decreased FOM, E_MP, AMP, N_MP and OEB (p<0.001) with increasing temperatures and times except that when temperature was at $110^{\circ}C$. The values of BCP, BST, TPSI, ABCP and DVE at $150^{\circ}C/45min$ for WLS and WFB were increased 2.2, 3.7; -, 2.0; 1.7, 1.7; 2.3, 3.7 and 1.7, 1.7 times and the values of FOM, E_MP, AMP, N_MP and OEB at $150^{\circ}C/45min$ for WLS and WFB were decreased by 15.3, 25.8; 18.1, 25.8; 18.7, 25.8; 54.6, 41.6 and 82.3% 54.7%, respectively, over the raw WLS and WFB. The results indicated that though dry roasting reduced microbial protein synthesis due to reducing FOM, TPSI didn't decrease but highly increased due to increasing BCP more than enough for compensation of the microbial protein decreasing. Therefore the net absorbable DVE in the small intestine was highly increased. The OEB values were significantly reduced for both WLS and WFB but not to the level of negative. It indicated that microbial protein synthesis might not be impaired due to the sufficient N supplied in the rumen, but the high positive OEB values in the most treatments except of $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 45 min of WLS (The OEB values: 54.8 and 26.0 g/kg DM) indicated that there were the large amounts of N loss in the rumen. It was concluded that dry roasting at high temperature was effective in shifting protein degradation from rumen to intestines and it increased the DVE values without reaching the negative OEB values. No optimal treatment was found in WLS due to the too high OEB values in all treatments. But dry roasting at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 45 min might be optimal treatments for WLS due to the very lower OEB values.

Probing Equivocal Effects of Heat Processing of Legume Seeds on Performance of Ruminants - A Review -

  • Yu, P.;Tamminga, S.;Egan, A.R.;Christensen, D.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.869-876
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    • 2004
  • Published studies show that effects of heat processing of legume seeds on animal performance are equivocal. In this article, we used a nutrition model - the DVE/OEB system to re-analyze nutrient supply (such as truly absorbed intestinal protein DVE value and protein degradation balance OEB value) to ruminants from published studies to probe reasons for such equivocal effects and provided some explanation why equivocal effects occurred. The analysis results showed that an unsuitable supply of nutrients in terms of DVE and OEB intakes (negative total OEB intake, oversupply of total DVE values) resulted in an inability to detect the effectiveness of heat processing in altering bypassing protein (BCP) and/or starch (BST) and their effects. The overall nutrient supply to animal in an experiment should be the context in which any animal performance study is developed. The information described in this article may give better understanding of animal performance in relation to nutritive changes occurring upon processing of legume seeds.

OEB(Open Electronic Book) 표준을 지원하는 Viewer의 설계와 구현 (Design and Implementation of an OEB Standard Viewer)

  • 이승란;서주하
    • 산업기술연구
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    • 제21권A호
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    • pp.199-205
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    • 2001
  • e-book is digital contents using IT technology instead of paper. It is carried in Internet and displayed wish Viewer of PC, PDA or terminal. The Open eBook specification is to provide a specification for representing the content of electronic books to these viewers. The specification is based on HTML and XML, the same core languages that define the World Wide Web, and is designed to allow publishers and authors to deliver their material in a single format. In this paper, we design and implement the viewer that can support OEB(Open eBook) standard. Viewer is composed parser part and display part. In audition, we add some functions - the book shelf, the bookmark and the dictionary - for convenience of readers.

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Model Prediction of Nutrient Supply to Ruminants from Processed Field Tick Beans

  • Yu, P.;Christensen, D.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.1674-1680
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    • 2004
  • The objective of this study was to compare the Dutch DVE/OEB system and the NRC-2001 model in the prediction of supply of protein to dairy cows from processed field tick beans. Comparisons were made in terms of 1) ruminally synthesized microbial CP, 2) truly absorbed protein in the small intestine, and 3) degraded protein balance. The results showed that the predicted values from the DVE/OEB system and the NRC-2001 model had significant correlations with high R (>0.90) values. However, using the DVE/OEB system, the overall average microbial protein supply based on available energy was 16% higher and the truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was 9% higher than that predicted by the NRC-2001 model. The difference was also found in the prediction of the degraded protein balances (DPB), which was 5% lower than that predicted based on data from the NRC-2001 model. These differences are due to considerably different factors used in calculations in the two models, although both are based on similar principles. It need to mention that this comparison was based on the limited data, the full comparison involving various types of concentrate feeds will be investigated in the future.

한국 전자책 문서표준 및 관련 표준과의 변환 기법에 관한 연구 (A Study of Conversion Techniques between Korea eBook Documents Standard and Related eBook Standards)

  • 손원성;고승규;이경호;임순범;최윤철
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제6권5호
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    • pp.876-888
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    • 2003
  • 미국과 일본 그리고 한국에서는 전자책 문서 포맷의 표준화에 대한 필요성을 인식하고 정부기관과 관련업계 및 학계가 주축이 되어 OEB PS 및 JepaX, 그리고EBKS 표준안을 제정 한 바 있다. 그러나 EBKS는 미국의 OEB 및 일본의 JeapX와 비교하여, 제정 목적은 물론이고 내부적으로 서로 다른 구조를 포함하고 있다. 그 결과 이러한 표준 문서간의 변환을 위해서는 서로간의 문서 구조에 대한 정확한 분석이 요구되며, 실제 문서 변환시 정보 손실을 최소화 하여야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 표준 문서간에 정확한 교환 및 문서 구조 손실을 최소화하기 위한 방법을 제시하고 이에 대한 실례를 살펴본다. 그 결과 본 연구에서는 EBKS 및OEB, JepaX간의 컨텐츠 교환 가능성을 제시하며, 이러한 결과는 전자책 표준 및 기타 포맷간의 교환시에도 적용 가능하다.

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전자책 유통을 위한 리더 시스템 개발 (Development of E-Book Reader System for Q+Platform)

  • 이은정
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2001
  • XML 기반의 전자책 리더 시스템인 Q+-리더의 개발을 소개한다. 이 시스템은 정보가전 용 내장형 플랫폼 Q+를 목표로 개발되었다. 본 리더 시스템은 OEB 표준에서 규정한 XML 기반의 컨텐트 형식과 CSS에 의한 스타일을 지원한다. 본 시스템은 전자책 컨텐츠를 사용자에게 랜더링해 주는 역할을 하는데, 이러한 랜더링 기능을 내재함으로서 전자책 리더 시스템은 컨텐츠의 사용에 대한 제어가 가능하게 된다. 본 시스템은 자바 언어로 개발되어 여타 플랫폼에서도 사용 가능할 뿐 아니라 개방형 구조로 설계되어 OEB 이외의 다른 표준에 대해서도 쉽게 확장 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

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모형수조에서 정적 상사성을 지닌 절단계류선 모델링에 관한 연구 (Study on Design of Truncated Mooring Line with Static Similarity in Model Test Basins)

  • 김윤호;김병완;조석규
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.257-265
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    • 2017
  • In this study, a series of numerical simulations was conducted in order to design a truncated mooring line with a static similarity to the prototype. A finite element method based on minimizing the potential energy was utilized to describe the dynamics of mooring lines. The prototype mooring lines considered were installed at a water depth of 1,000 m, whereas the KRISO ocean engineering basin (OEB) in Daejeon has a water depth of 3.2 m, which represents 192 m using a scaling of 1:60. First, an investigation for the design of the truncated mooring line was carried out to match the static characteristics of the KRISO Daejeon OEB environment. Then, the same procedure was performed with the KRISO new deepwater ocean engineering basin (DOEB) that is under construction in Busan. This new facility has a water depth of 15 m, which reflects a real scale depth of 900 m considering the 1:60 scaling factor. A finite element method was used to model the mooring line dynamics. It was found that the targeted truncated mooring line could not be designed under the circumstances of the KRISO OEB with any material properties, whereas several mooring lines were easily matched to the prototype under the circumstances of the KRISO DOEB.

Determination of Optimal Conditions of Pressure Toasting on Legume Seeds for Dairy Deed Industry : I. Effects of Pressure Toasting on Nutritive Values of Lupinus albus in Lactating Dairy Cows

  • Yu, P.;Goelema, J.O.;Tamminga, S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제12권8호
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    • pp.1205-1214
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    • 1999
  • Whole lupinus albus seeds were pressure toasted at temperatures of 100, 118 and $136^{\circ}C$ for 3, 7, 15 and 30 min to study rumen degradation and post-rumen digestion and to determine optimal heating conditions for the Dutch dairy feed industry. In sacco nylon bag and mobile bag techniques were employed for rumen and intestine incubations to determine ruminal degradation characteristics and intestinal digestion of crude protein (CP) in 4 lactation rumen cannulated and 4 lactating intestinal cannulated Dutch dairy cows fed 47% hay and 53% concentrate according to Dutch dairy requirements. Measured rumen degradation characteristics were soluble fraction (S), undegradable fraction (U), potentially degradable fraction (D), lag time (T0) and rate of degradation (Kd) of insoluble but degradable fraction. Percentage bypass feed protein (BCP), ruminal microbial protein synthesized based on available nitrogen (N_MP) and that based on available energy (E_MP), true protein supplied to the small intestine (TPSI), truly absorbed BCP (ABCP), absorbed microbial protein (AVP) in the small intestine, endogenous protein losses in the digestion (ENDP), true digested protein in the small intestine (TAP or DVE in Dutch) and degraded protein balance (PDB or OEB in Dutch) were totally evaluated using the new Dutch DVE/OEB System. Pressure toasting decreased (p<0.001) rumen degradability of CP. It reduced S (p<0.05) and Kd (p=0.06), increased D (p<0.05) and U (p<0.01) but did not alter T0 (p>0.05), thus resulting in dramatically increased BCP (p<0.001) with increasing time and temperature from 73.7 (raw) up to 182.5 g/kg DM ($136^{\circ}C/15min$). Although rumen microbial protein synthesized based on available energy (E_MP) was reduced, true protein (microbial and bypass feed protein) supplied to the small intestine (TPSI) was increased (p<0.001) from 153.1 (raw) to 247.6 g/kg DM ($136^{\circ}C/15min$). Due to digestibility of BCP in the intestine not changing (p>0.05) average 87.8%, the absorbed BCP increased (p<0.001) from 62.3 (raw) to 153.7 g/kg DM ($136^{\circ}C/15min$). Therefore DVE value of true digested protein in the small intestine was significantly increased (p<0.001) from 118.9 (raw) to 197.0 g/kg DM ($136^{\circ}C/15min$) and OEB value of degraded protein balance was significantly reduced (p<0.001) from 147.2 (raw) to 63.1 g/kg DM ($136^{\circ}C/15min$). It was concluded that pressure toasting was effective in shifting degradation of CP of lupinus albus from the rumen to small intestine without changing intestinal digestion. Further studies are required on the degradation and digestion of individual amino acids and on the damaging effects of processing on amino acids, especially the first limiting amino acids.

Modeling Nutrient Supply to Ruminants: Frost-damaged Wheat vs. Normal Wheat

  • Yu, Peiqiang;Racz, V.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.333-339
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    • 2010
  • The objectives of this study were to use the NRC-2001 model and DVE/OEB system to model potential nutrient supply to ruminants and to compare frost damaged (also called "frozen" wheat with normal wheat. Quantitative predictions were made in terms of: i) Truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein in the small intestine; ii) Truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein in the small intestine; iii) Endogenous protein in the digestive tract; iv). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; and v). Protein degraded balance. The overall yield losses of the frozen wheat were 24%. Results showed that using the DVE/OEB system to predict the potential nutrient supply, the frozen wheat had similar truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (65 vs. 66 g/kg DM; p>0.05), tended to have lower truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein (39 vs. 53 g/kg DM; p<0.10) and had higher endogenous protein (14 vs. 9 g/kg DM; p<0.05). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was significantly lower (89 vs. 110 g/kg DM, p<0.05) in the frozen wheat. The protein degraded balance was similar and both were negative (-2 vs. -1 g/kg DM). Using the NRC-2001 model to predict the potential nutrient supply, the frozen wheat also had similar truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (average 56 g/kg DM; p>0.05), tended to have lower truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein (35 vs. 48, g/kg DM; p<0.10) and had similar endogenous protein (average 4 g/kg DM; p>0.05). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was significantly lower (95 vs. 108 g/kg DM, p<0.05) in the frozen wheat. The protein degraded balance was not significantly different and both were negative (-16 vs. -19 g/kg DM). In conclusion, both models predict lower protein value and negative protein degraded balance in the frozen wheat. The frost damage to the wheat reduced nutrient content and availability and thus reduced nutrient supply to ruminants by around 12 to 19%.

한국전자책 문서표준(EBKS) 기반 e-Book의 설계 및 구현 (Design and Implementation of e-Book Based on EBKS)

  • 황병연;심진규
    • 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보처리학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표논문집 (중)
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    • pp.775-778
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    • 2003
  • 전자책이란 책의 내용을 디지털 형태로 가공, 저장한 출판물을 의미한다. 인터넷의 급속한 확산에 따른 디지털 컨텐츠 시장의 급성장 속에서 전자책 서비스는 전세계적으로 많은 관심을 집중시키고 있다. BSP 들의 각기 다른 전자책 문서 포멧의 사용에 따라 전자책 컨텐츠의 교환 및 공유가 어렵게 되자 미국과 일본에 이어 한국에서도 2001년 한국전자책문서표준(EBKS)이 한국전자책 컨소시엄(EBK)에 의해 제정되었다. 한국전자책문서표준은 OEB(미국전자책표준안), JepaX(일본전자책표준안)와는 달리 고정된 문서의 구조를 정의하여 전자책 컨텐츠의 교환을 보장하고 있으며, XML을 기본으로 하여 기존의 HTML, PDF 방식의 전자책의 단점을 극복하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 한국전자책 문서표준(EBKS)을 기반으로 웹 상에서 유연하게 서비스가 가능한 전자책의 모델을 제시하고 구현된 전자책을 소개한다.

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