• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2012

The marine medaka Oryzias dancena choriogenin H gene (odChgH) and its mRNA expression during estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) exposure were characterized. At the amino acid level, the choriogenin H protein is predicted to possess the conserved repetitive N-terminal region, as well as zona pellucida (ZP) and Trefoil factor family (TFF) domains. At the genomic level, odChgH has an eight-exon organization with a distribution pattern of transcription factor binding sites in the 5'-upstream region, which is commonly found in other estrogen-responsive genes. The tissue distribution pattern of odChgH mRNA was found to be gender-specific, whereby females showed a higher expression level and wider tissue distribution than did males. During embryonic development, odChgH mRNA was robustly detected from the stage of visceral blood vessel formation. Experimental E2 exposure of males resulted in odChgH mRNA being induced not only in the liver, but also in other several tissues. The E2-mediated induction was fairly dose-dependent. The basal expression levels of hepatic odChgH mRNA were lower in males that were acclimated to 30 ppt salinity than in those acclimated to 0 or 15 ppt salinity. In contrast, the inducibility of odChgH mRNA during E2 exposure was greater in seawater-acclimated fish than in brackish water- or freshwater-acclimated fish.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2018

Objectives. The age-based Cole formula has been employed for the estimation of endotracheal tube (ETT) size due to its ease of use, but may not appropriately consider growth rates among children. Child growth is assessed by calculating the body surface area (BSA). The association between the outer diameter of an appropriate uncuffed-endotracheal-tube (ETT-OD) and the BSA values of patients at 24-96 months of age was our primary outcome. Methods. Cole formula, BSA, age, height, weight and ultrasound measurement of subglottic-transverse-diameter were evaluated for correlations with correct uncuffed ETT-OD. The Cole formula, BSA, and ultrasound measurements were analyzed for estimation rates in all patients and age subgroups. The maximum allowed error for the estimation of ETT-OD was ${\leq}0.3mm$. Patients' tracheas were intubated with tubes chosen by Cole formula and correct ETT-OD values were determined using leak test. ETT exchange rates were recorded. Results. One-hundred twenty-seven patients were analyzed for the determination of estimation rates. Thirteen patients aged ${\geq}72months$ were intubated with cuffed ETT-OD of 8.4 mm and were accepted to need uncuffed ETT-OD >8.4 mm in order to be included in estimation rates, but excluded from correlations for size analysis. One-hundred fourteen patients were analyzed for correlations between correct ETT-OD (determined by the leak test) and outcome parameters. Cole formula, ultrasonography, and BSA had similar correct estimation rates. All three parameters had higher underestimation rates as age increased. Conclusion. The Cole formula, BSA, and ultrasonography had similar estimation rates in patients aged ${\geq}24$ to ${\leq}96months$. BSA had a correct estimation rate of 40.2% and may not be reliable in clinical practice to predict uncuffed-ETT-size.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 1990

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) of paragonimiasis iloktsuenensis rat sera was performed using crude antigens of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis(PIA), P. westermani (PWA) and Clonorchis sinensis(CSA). Three crude antigens(PIA, PWA, CSA) were prepared to saline homogenated supernatants of whole adult worms. Infected rat sera were obtained biweekly from the albino rats fed 50∼.80 metacercariae of P. iloktsuenensis through gastric catheter. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups: GI(controls), GII, GIII and GIV according to 1∼7 worms as GII, 10∼19 worms as GIII and 22∼40 worms as GIV, respectively, In ELISA, the mean OD values of each group for the homologous antigen(PIA) were increased significantly compared to the control sera at the 4th week of infection. With the progress of duration of infection, the mean OD values of infected sera of GII & GIV continuously increased up to the 12th week(last week), but in GIII the mean OD value increased until the loth week. No significance was noted among the infection dose groups (GII, GIII and GIV), after the 6th week of infection. Also, the OD values of all infected rats did not show any Proportional relytionships to the number of worms recovered. In brief, the antibody productivity of individual rats were strongly different. The rat sera infected with p. iloktsuenensis cross-reacted with those infected with P. westermani or C. sinensis, as identified by OD values.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

Atherosclerosis and post-angiography restenosis are associated with intimal thickening and concomitant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Obovatol, a major biphenolic component isolated from the Magnolia obovata leaf, is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. The goal of the present study was to enhance the inhibitory effects of obovatol to improve its potential as a preventive or therapeutic agent in atherosclerosis and restenosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) was examined in the presence or absence of a newly synthesized obovatol derivative, OD78. The observed anti-proliferative effect of OD78 was further investigated by cell counting and [$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation assays. Treatment with 1-4 ${\mu}M$ OD78 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and DNA synthesis of 25 ng/ml PDGF-BB-stimulated RASMCs. Accordingly, OD78 blocked PDGF-BB-induced progression from the $G_0/G_1$ to S phase of the cell cycle in synchronized cells. OD78 decreased the expression levels of CDK4, cyclin E, and cyclin D1 proteins, as well as the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen; however, it did not change the CDK2 expression level. In addition, OD78 inhibited downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) $p27^{kip1}$. However, OD78 did not affect the CKI $p21^{cip1}$ or phosphorylation of early PDGF signaling pathway. These results suggest that OD78 may inhibit PDGF-BB-induced RASMC proliferation by perturbing cell cycle progression, potentially through $p27^{kip1}$ pathway activation. Consequently, OD78 may be developed as a potential anti-proliferative agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and angioplasty restenosis.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.100-111
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• 2019

The existing selected station analysis (SSA) method analyzes the link transfer mode data between origin and destination of individuals passing through stations from a microscopic standpoint. As such, existing SSA is insufficient as it uses integrated analysis using macroscopic data such as subway lines. This research builds a line chain OD based on path search of individual passenger's movement through the subway, and explores means to utilize the findings. First, a method is proposed that searches the traversed subway path from the linked passage modes that the passenger uses and applies the results to SSA line analysis. Compared to the existing SSA, this method provides for analysis of commonly conflicting features such as the line on which the station is passed, and the stations included on the line thanks to the presence of complete information of the individual passenger's traversed path. It also allows for integrated observation of the line chain OD that approaches a certain station. For enhanced understanding, Seoul Metro Line 9 is used as a case study to demonstrate the integrated formulation concept of line chain OD centered around a certain station as well as the macroscopic features of the traversed path that approaches stations included on the line.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

The specific antibody response of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus to different water temperature were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the rearing temperature of $15^{\circ}C$, first anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody titer was appeared after 14 days of immunization, whereas 24~48 days post-immunization (PI) resulted maximum antibody titer in all 5 experimental fish with optical density (OD) values 1.94~3.04. At the end of the experiment (84 days), 0.03~1.28 OD values were observed. In the rearing temperature of $12{\sim}13^{\circ}C$, first antibody titer was found 28 days PI in 2 out of 5 fish. Three fish shown high OD titer (1.88~2.68) between 56 and 70 days and OD values of 0.49 to 2.35 were observed at 84 days. However, the anti-BSA antibodies of two fish showed less than 0.8 OD values until 84 days. In the rearing temperature of $10^{\circ}C$, specific antibody appeared at 56 days, maximum antibody titer was observed at 70 days in 2 out of 5 fish (OD values: 1.37~1.53) and 1.00 to 1.11 OD values were observed at 84 days. Rest 3 fish showed OD values of 0.12 to 0.68 much below to that of other 2 fish, throughout the experimental period. In conclusion, specific antibody response of olive flounder at high temperature was much faster, higher and longer than that at lower temperature.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2019

Introduction: To prevent and manage the societal and economic burden of occupational diseases (ODs), countries should develop strong prevention policies, health surveillance and registry systems. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of OD surveillance at national level as well as to identify priority actions in Turkey. Methods: The history and current status of occupational health studies were considered from the perspective of OD surveillance. Interpretative research was done through literature review on occupational health at national, regional and international level. Analyses were focused on countries' experiences in policy development and practice, roles and responsibilities of institutions, multidisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration. OD surveillance models of Turkey, Belgium and the Netherlands were examined through exchange visits. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the peculiarities of legislative and institutional structures, the best and worst practices, and approach principles. Results: Some countries are more focused on exploring OD trends through effective and cost-efficient researches, with particular attention to new and emerging ODs. Other countries try to reach every single case of OD for compensation and rehabilitation. Each practice has advantages and shortcomings, but they are not mutually exclusive, and thus an effective combination is possible. Conclusion: Effective surveillance and registry approaches play a key role in the prevention of ODs. A well-designed system enables monitoring and assessment of OD prevalence and trends, and adoption of preventive measures while improving the effectiveness of redressing and compensation. A robust surveillance does not only provide protection of workers' health but also advances prevention of economic losses.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.2 s.7
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• pp.53-66
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• 2005

Microscopic simulation models, which focus on individual vehicles, are used extensively in the transportation operations in order to capture vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to traffic controls. There are many important factors involved when a micro simulation model is applied as an evaluation tool for the traffic system. They typically include test bed, software, simulation time period, measure of effectiveness, parameter for a software, OD matrix, and random seed number. To evaluate the effects of those factors, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the effects of those factors based on CORSIM and TRANSIMS results. Three freeway corridors, two in Houston (I-10 and US 290) and one in Sin Antonio (I-37), were chosen as test beds. Three time periods (AM, PM, off-peak) and three OD matrix estimates were used for the analysis. It was found that the micro-simulation results were highly sensitive to the model Parameter sets and the OD information. The degree of sensitivity was a function of the test bed and time period.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-306
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• 2019

In this study, the observational arc-length effect on orbit determination (OD) for the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) in the Earth-Moon Transfer phase was investigated. For the OD, we employed a sequential estimation using the extended Kalman filter and a fixed-point smoother. The mission periods, comprised between the perigee maneuvers (PM) and the lunar orbit insertion (LOI) maneuver in a 3.5 phasing loop of the KPLO, was the primary target. The total period was divided into three phases: launch-PM1, PM1-PM3, and PM3-LOI. The Doppler and range data obtained from three tracking stations [included in the deep space network (DSN) and Korea Deep Space Antenna (KDSA)] were utilized for the OD. Six arc-length cases (24 hrs, 48 hrs, 60 hrs, 3 days, 4 days, and 5 days) were considered for the arc-length effect investigation. In order to evaluate the OD accuracy, we analyzed the position uncertainties, the precision of orbit overlaps, and the position differences between true and estimated trajectories. The maximum performance of 3-day OD approach was observed in the case of stable flight dynamics operations and robust navigation capability. This study provides a guideline for the flight dynamics operations of the KPLO in the trans-lunar phase.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.391-399
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• 2020

Every port is competing for attracting loyal customers from other ports to achieve more profits stably. This paper proposes a data-mining scheme to facilitate this process. For resolving the problem, the OD (Origination-Destination) data are gathered from the AIS (Automatic Identification System) data. The OD data are clustered according to the arrival dates and ports. The FP-growth algorithm is applied to mine the frequent patterns of ships arriving at ports. Maintaining a loyal customer list for port updates and accuracy is critical in establishing its usefulness. These lists are critical as they can be used to provide suggestions for new products and services to loyal customers. Finally, based on the frequent patterns of the ships and the mode of arrival times, a formula proposed in this paper to derive shipping companies' loyalty to ports was applied. The case of Kaohsiung port was shown as an example of our algorithm, and the OD data of ships in 2017-2018 were processed. Using the results of our algorithm, other rival ports, such as Shanghai or Busan, may attract customers no longer loyal to Kaohsiung ports in the last two years and attract them as new loyal customers.