• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.200-205
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• 2000

Biological control of blue stain fungi, such as Ophiostoma and Leptographium spp., that reduce the quality of logs and cause economic losses in wood product industry, was carried out in laboratory and field trials by a colorless strain of Ophiostoma quercus, BSFcs-1. Inoculation of pine wood chips with the colorless strain 1 wk before inoculating wild-type strain demonstrated that BSFcs-1 colonized wood chips and excluded blue stain fungi from being established. Efficacy of BSFcs-1 was compared with colorless strain of O. piliferum, which is commercially available under the trade name of Cartapip. Inoculation of pine wood logs with the colorless strain 1 wk before inoculating wild-type strain of blue stain in isolated wood chips, while O. quercus and O. floccosum colonized 0% and 17%, respectively. Simultaneous inoculation of logs with the colorless and wild-type strains resulted in decreased colonization (28%) by BSFcs-1, but increased colonization by O. quercus (185) and O. floccosum (29%). On the other hand, BSFcs-1 and wild-type strain alone colonized 75% and 71%, respectively. Treatment of the surface of log ends with mycelial suspension of BSFcs-1 after cutting also showed good control of blue stain fungi in a pine forest stands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2003

(Sm/Y)$_{1.8}$B $a_{2.4}$C $u_{3.4}$$O_{7-x}$ [(Sm/Y)1.8] high $T_{c}$ superconductors were directionally grown by Rod-type Seed Melt Growth(RSMG) process in air atmosphere. The sintered polycrystalline N $d_{1.8}$B $a_{2.4}$C $u_{3.4}$$O_{7-x}$(Nd1.8) of rod-type seed crystal grown by extrusion mold process were used for achieving the ab-plane alignment haying large grains perpendicular to the center of (Sm/Y)1.8 samples. The observations using TEM micrographs of the melt-textured (Sm/Y)1.8 samples revealed that the nonsuperconducting (Sm/Y)211 inclusions are uniformly distributed in the superconducting (Sm/Y)123 matrix. The microstructure and superconducting properties were investigated by XRD, TEM and SQUID magnetometer. The RSMG (Sm/Y)1.8 samples showed an onset $T_{c}$ $\geq$ 90 K and sharp superconducting transition.nsition.ion.nsition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2010

The eco-friendly technologies have been extended as matter of international concern due to various diseases and syndromes according to an environmental pollution. In this study, we have manufactured a ceramic cluster with thick film type for anion generation equipment which is maximized anion but minimized ozone contents generated. To develop the formulation of ceramic cluster, we conducted the $Mg_2SiO_4$ powders doped with 10 vol% glass frits as Na-Zn-B-O system and sintered at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in air for starting materials and investigated the matching properties between the Ag-Pd electrode and the starting materials. The sintered sample for the composition of cluster has 6.7 of dielectric constant and 32 kV/mm of withstand voltage. The yield of anions was measured according to an electrode pattering, discharge gap between electrode, and thickness of electrode protective layer in the cluster of thick film type. We have manufactured the ceramic clusters with optimized thick film structure that have an anion over a hundred particles and the ozone of 0.6 ppb generated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2373-2379
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• 2023

In sodium systems, leakage is one of the safety concerns; it can cause chemical reactions, which may result in fires. There are contact and non-contact types of leak detectors, and the conventional method of non-contact type detection is by gas sampling. Because of the complexity of this method, there has always been a need for a simple gas sensor, and the resistive-type nanostructure ZnO sensor is a promising option with various advantages. In this study, a ZnO sensor was fabricated, and the concept was tested as a leak detector using a dedicated experiment facility. The experiment results showed distinctive changes in resistance with the presence of sodium aerosol under various conditions. Replacing the conventional gas sampling with the ZnO sensors is expected to enable identification of the leakage location if used as a point-wise instrumentation and to greatly reduce the total cost, making the system simple, light, and effective. For further study, more tests will be performed to evaluate the sensitivity of key parameters under various conditions.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.305-309
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• 2012

In this study, ZnO nanorods and $SnO_2$-CuO heterogeneous oxide were grown on membrane-type gas sensor platforms and the sensing characteristics for carbon monoxide (CO) were studied. Diaphragm-type gas sensor platforms with built-in Pt micro-heaters were made using a conventional bulk micromachining method. ZnO nanorods were grown from ZnO seed layers using the hydrothermal method, and the average diameter and length of the nanorods were adjusted by changing the concentration of the precursor. Thereafter, $SnO_2$-CuO heterogeneous oxide thin films were grown from evaporated Sn and Cu thin films. The average diameters of the ZnO nanorods obtained by changing the concentration of the precursor were between 30 and 200 nm and the ZnO nanorods showed a sensitivity value of 21% at a working temperature of $350^{\circ}C$ and a carbon monoxide concentration of 100 ppm. The $SnO_2$-CuO heterogeneous oxide thin films showed a sensitivity value of 18% at a working temperature of $200^{\circ}C$ and a carbon monoxide concentration of 100 ppm.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.39-40
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• 1998

Normal state EPR signals have been studied for the n-type$ high-T_c$ superconductors $Nd_{1.85}Ce_{0.15}CuO_{4-x} and Nd_2CuO_{3.6-x}F_{0.4-y}.$ Since EPR signals were observed only in quenched non-superconducting samples and were absent in furnace-cooled samples, our results suggest that no normal state EPR signals come from pure phase n-type hihg-Tc superconductors. Our observation is consistent with previously reported absence of nomal state EPR signals in the p-type high-Tc superconductors.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.339-347
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• 2015

This study is to evaluate moisturizing effect and durability of UV A/B blocking activity with multiple (W/O/W) emulsion system. Most of the sun protective products come to be hot issue having both high SPF and long-lasting activity as using special products when is going out, mountain climbing and sports. Also, many consumers prefer the products which have the excellent waterproofing activity of sun care cosmetics as well as the non-sticky feeling that carried out the study of the sensorial science and texture preference. Therefore, development of the specific formulation using this multiple (W/O/W) emulsion technology, it has O/W type hydro skin feel having soft and moist texture when it is treated on the skin. Finally, this formulation is instantly changed to W/O type feel after adsorbed into the skin. The purpose of this study is to get high SPF lasting effect having high water resistance tactivity with high functional multiple (W/O/W) emulsion cream. We used major ingredients, UV-B absorbers were selected with ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate, ethylhexylsalicylate, and octocrylene, UV-A absorbers were selected with butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxy phenyltriazine. SPF effect of O/W type cream was 34.1. SPF effect of W/O/W type cream was 40.6 (increased about 19%). Water resistance effect after 4 hours, SPF effect of O/W type cream was 3.6 (quickly drop down). SPF effect of W/O/W type cream having 81.0 % waterproofing effect was 32.7 (decreased about SPF 7.9). Moisturizing effect of O/W cream at first was superior comparing multiple emulsion. But after 3 hours quickly was drop-down. Moisturizing effect of multiple emulsion was high comparing O/W type and other sun block creams after 4 hours was constantly maintaining water-content.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2005

To investigate the electrical properties of the ZnO films which are interested in the next generation of short wavelength LEDs and Lasers, our ZnO thin films were deposited by RF sputtering system. At sputtering process of ZnO thin films, substrate temperature, work pressure respectively is $300^{\circ}C$ and 5.2 mTorr, and the purity of target is ZnO 5N. The thickness of ZnO thin films was about $2.1\;{\mu}m$ at SEM analysis after sputtering process. Phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As) were diffused into the undoped ZnO thin films sputtered by RF magnetron sputtering system in ampoule tube which was below $5\times10^{-7}$ Torr. The dopant sources of phosphorus and arsenic were $Zn_3P_2$ and $ZnAs_2$. Those diffusion was perform at 500, 600, and $700^{\circ}C$ during 3 hr. We found the diffusion condition of the conductive ZnO films which had n- and p-type properties. Our ZnO thin film has not only very high carrier concentration of above $10^{17}/cm^3$ but also low resistivity of below $2.0\times10^{-2}\;{\Omega}cm$.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.6
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• pp.789-793
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• 2018

All transparent metal oxide photoelectric device based on $V_2O_5$ was fabricated with structure of $V_2O_5/ZnO/ITO$ by magnetron sputtering system. $V_2O_5$ was deposited by reactive sputtering system with 4 inch vanadium target (purity 99.99%). In order to achieve p-n junction, p-type $V_2O_5$ was deposited onto the n-type ZnO layer. The ITO (indium tin oxide) was applied as the electron transporting layer for effective collection of the photo-induced electrons. Electrical and optical properties were analyzed. The Mott-Schottky analysis was applied to investigate the energy band diagram through the metal oxide layers. The $V_2O_5/ZnO/ITO$ photoelectric device has a rectifying ratio of 99.25 and photoresponse ratios of 1.6, 4.88 and 2.68 under different wavelength light illumination of 455 nm, 560 nm and 740 nm. Superior optical properties were realized with the high transmittance of average 70 % for visible light range. Transparent $V_2O_5$ layer absorbs the short wavelength light efficiently while passing the visible light. This research may provide a route for all-transparent photoelectric devices based on the adoption of the emerging p-type $V_2O_5$ metal oxide layer.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 1993

The influence of emulsion type of tegafur, an oral anticancer agent, on lymphatic transport was studied in rats. The water-in-oil-type of emulsion and the oil-in-water-type emulsion of tegafur each in 50 mg, calculated in terms of tegafur, were prepared by adding tegafur aqueous solution to sesame oil containing hydrogenated castor oil following ultrasonic treatment, and then the prepared emulsions and aqueous solution as a comparative formulation were administered orally to rats (50 mg/5 ml/kg). The concentration levels of tegafur in plasma of femoral artery and lymph from thoracic duct cannula were measured simultaneously along a time course after administration and the pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. At the same time, we examined the above described factors of 5-FU which is known as an active metabolite of tegafur. In comparison with tegafur solution, AUC and mean residence time of plasma tegafur were significantly increased in w/o-emulsion but significantly decreased in o/w-emulsion. Lymph flow rates were similar in both solution and w/o-emulsion but half in o/w-emulsion. Ratios between area under the lymph and plasma concentration time curves were always less than 1 reflecting the passive lymphatic delivery after oral administration of the prepared tegafur emulsions, but those to the 5-FU in the case of w/o-emulsion were more than 1. These results suggested that lymphatic delivery of tegafur by w/o-emulsion was more effective than that by o/w-emulsion due to its differences of formation ability of chylomicrons.