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Target Preparation for KLN sputtering and optical properties of thin films deposited on Corning 1737 glass (KLN 스퍼터링용 타겟의 제조 및 코닝 1737 유리 기판위에 성장시킨 박막의 광학적 성질)

  • Park, Seong-Geun;Seo, Jeong-Hun;Kim, Seong-Yeon;Jeon, Byeong-Eok;Kim, Jin-Su;Kim, Ji-Hyeon;Choe, Si-Yeong;Kim, Gi-Wan
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.178-184
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    • 2001
  • Transparent and highly oriented KLN thin films have been grown by an rf- magnetron sputtering deposition method. A homogeneous and stable KLN target was prepared by calcine and sintering process. For KLN target, stoichiometry and composition excess with K of 30% and 60%, and Li of 15% and 30% respectively, was prepared. The targets were sintered at low temperature to prevent vaporization of K and Li. KLN thin films were fabricated by rf-magnetron sputtering method using those targets. In this experiment, using the target of composition excessed with K of 60% and Li of 30%, single phase KLN thin film was produced. KLN thin film has excellent crystallinity and highly c-axis oriented on Corning 1737 substrate. Transmittance of thin film in visible range was 90%, absorption edge is 333 nm and refractive index at 632.8 nm was 1.93.

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Validity examination of the measurement of 3D visual fatigue using EEG (EEG 생체신호 기반 3D 시각피로 측정방법에 대한 타당화 연구)

  • Li, Hyung-Chul O.;Moon, Kyung-Ae
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.17-28
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    • 2012
  • Recent development of 3D technologies made it possible that observers perceive 3D depth from two dimensional images. Despite this kind of technological development, when observers watch 3D display they experience 3D visual fatigue that they do not usually experience in real life. It is critical to measure visual fatigue in order to overcome the problem of 3D visual fatigue. The purpose of the present study was to develop a protocol to measure 3D visual fatigue based on an EEG signal and to examine its validity. The first experiment explored the possible ERP components that reflected visual fatigue in 2D and 3D conditions. The second experiment examined whether the feature of the component found in the first experiment was affected by the amount of binocular disparity. Both in Cz and Pz channels, the peak amplitude of P3 component was much lower in 3D rather than in 2D conditions, and it decreased as the amount of binocular disparity increased. The subjective 3D visual fatigue also increased with the amount of binocular disparity. These results imply that the peak amplitude of P3 component at Cz and Pz channels can be used as an index of 3D visual fatigue.

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The Study on Standard Bodytype for Korean Women between the ages of 18 and 24 years old(Part I) -focusing on the analysis of the High-frequency type and the High-frequency range- (18~24세 한국인 여성의 표준체형에 관한 연구(제1보) -다빈도유형 및 다빈도구간에 대한 분석을 중심으로-)

  • 이정임;남윤자
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.630-641
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study is to suggest the standard of bodytype which offers various data with regard to three-dimensional characteristics of body, and which offers the criterion for the sizes and shapes to interpret various bodytypes, to estimate filling, and to construct ready-made clothing. In this study, standard bodytype was defined as a typical type with beautiful proportion and shape which a large number of people have, too. In order to continue this study, there were two ways of analyzing bodytypes of subjects in the view of statistics and beauty. We primarily carried on statistical analysis in this report. Taken as a sample, the subjects were ninety-seven females who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years o1d. They were measured on November 1999. The data of seven hundred and few females, 18∼24 year-old, from the National Somatometry Survey of 1997 were used for analysis, too. Three kinds of classification methods were used for statistical analysis. The first method was based on the lateral view of the body, the second was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the photographic measurements of each of the anterior and lateral body, and the third was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the anthropometric measurements of the whole body. From the analysis on the distribution of R hrer Index the difference of width, the difference of depth, the proportion of height and head height, the High-frequency Proportion(H.P.)range were selected. The straight type from the lateral view, High-frequency type from each method, and subjects in H.P. range were compared with each other. As the result, it was confirmed that it is proper to base on the size and shape of subjects in H.P. range to analyze the standard bodytype.

Influence of the Mechanical Properties on Drapability in the Peach Skin-like Finished Fabrics (피치스킨 가공직물의 역학적 특성이 드레이프성에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Jeong-A;Sung, Su-Kwang;Kwon, Oh-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.684-695
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the mechanical properties on drapability in the peach skin-like finished fabrics. For this study, the samples used were 50 kinds of peach skin-like finished fabrics. The mechanical properties such as tensile, shearing, bending, compressional, surface characteristic values, thickness and weight were measured with a KES-F system and drupe coefficient by drape tester. The relationship between the characteristic values and drape coefficicients of the peach skin-like finished fabrics results were obtained. 1. Peach skin-like finished fabric had $\pm$2o range of shearing, bending, compression, surface. properties, thickness and weight as compared with Japanese women's thin fabrics. The characteristic mixing values were better with the values of WC/T, W/T, etc. as compared with that of japanese women's thin fabrics. Accordingly, the peach skin-like finished fabrics had a little volume, excellent hanging and drapability as compared with japanese women's thin fabrics. 2. The drape coefficient of peach skin-like finished fabric had a high level of correlation between 2HB, G, WC, MIU, WT, MMD, 2HG, RT, W, B etc. of the mechanical properties. The blocked properties that contributed to the drape coefficient of peach skin-like finished fabrics were in the order of the bending> tensile> thickness> weight properties. This drape coefficients(DC) were found by measuring the mechanical properties according to the obtained regress on equate on. DC=99.0179+17.9023 log G -17.0543 log 2HG5+17.2104 log 2HG+35.7685 log 2HB+ 4.6082 log B-30.5906 log T+4.2308 log W 3. The contribution to the drape coefficient of the characteristic mixing values of peach skin-like finished fabric was in the order of > 2HB/W> 2HB/B> B/W The drape coefficients were found by measuring the characteristic mixing values according to the obtained regression equation. 4. The drape coefficients of peach skin-like finished fabrics were influenced by the differences between the bending of warp direction, bending of weft direction, shearing etc which in turn determine the level of hanging. The regression equation was as follows; 5. The drape coefficients of peach skin.like finished fabrics had a highly positive correlation with the node index. It has an negative correlation with number of nodes.

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Effect of Feeding Wild Ginseng Culture By-products on Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens (산삼 배양액의 급여가 산란계의 생산 능력 및 계란의 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Park J. H.;Shin O. S.;Ryu K. S.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.269-273
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    • 2005
  • The wild ginseng culture by-products(WGCB) was added to the laying hens diets. A total of 420 Lohmann Brown laying hens were alloted to five levels of drinking water containing WGCB 0, 0.4, 0.8 1.6, $3.2\%$with seven replications and fed com-soybean meal based diets contained ME 2,800 kcal/kg, CP $16\%$. Laying Performance, egg quality, egg yolk fatty acid and cholesterol concentration were measured. Egg Production and daily e99 mass were significantly lower(p<0.05) in birds fed the WGCB $3.2\%$ compared with no WGCB group, but showed no significant effect in other treatments. Feed efficiency of birds fed $0.4\%$ WGCB showed the lowest of all treatments(p<0.05). Eggshell thickness was increased(p<0.05) by WGCB supplementation, whereas eggshell breaking strength, haugh unit and yolk color index were not affected. No significant change in yolk fatty acids and cholesterol were observed by the addition of WGCB.

Effect of Fine Sand and Briquette Ash Dressing on Diluvial Clayey Soils (Hwadong Series) (홍적태지(洪積台地)의 식질답(埴質畓)(화동통(華東統))에 대(對)한 세사(細砂) 및 연탄(煉炭)재의 객토효과(客土效果))

  • Jung, Youn-Tae;No, Young-Pal;Park, Eun-Ho;Park, Chang-Young;Seong, Jae-Duk
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.90-95
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    • 1984
  • To improve the physico-mechanical characteristics of heavy clayey paddy soils(Hwadong series) on Diluvial terrace after application of fine sand and briquette ashes, barley and rice were cultivated for 2 years. The influences of sand and briquette ashes on soil properties and on the crops were summarized as follows: 1. Application of the adding materials could not affect the yield of rice but barley yields were increased significantly about 18-19% in the plots of sand 100t/10a(clay 15% adjusted) and in the plots of briquette ashes. 2. The porosity and the content of water stable aggregates were decreased in the plots of sand and briquette ash adding. The chemical properties were slightly decreased in the plots of sands while the contents of av. $SiO_2$: and extr K were increased in the plots of briquette ashes. 3. Soil mechanical properties such as cone penetration resistance, shearing resistance and plastic index etc. were decreased while the friction resistance increased in the plots of sand and briquette ash treatments. Consequently, the adaptability to mechanization was increased. 4. The content of rice roots in subsoils (10-20cm) were increased in the plots of sand and briquette ash treatments.

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Interpretation of Weeding Efficacy by Mixture Use of Herbicide Combination, Oxyfluorfen and Glyphosate (Oxyfluorfen과 Glyphosate 조합처리(組合處理) 모형(模型)의 혼용효과(混用效果)에 대한 해석적연구(解釋的硏究))

  • Guh, J.O.;Cho, Y.W.;Lee, K.H.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.236-242
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    • 1987
  • The study was conducted to interprete the fluctuation of weed vegetation in plant-sociological impacts as affected by the mixture use of oxyfluorfen and glyphosate with various dosages. Also, intended to know the real interaction between two herbicides in weeding efficacies. The better efficacy from the above mixture was recognized than from the oxyfluorfen + paraquat mixture on the perennial-sites. In lower rate mixture of oxyfluorfen, the dominance index was increased by the annual grass species (ie. Digitaria), and of glyphosate by the biennial Stellaria and perennial species (ie. Artemisia). Also, the positive maximum action of both oxyfluorfen and glyphosate in various mixture rates was categorized upto 0.55kg ai/ha for oxyfluorfen and 0.35kg ai/ha for glyphosate, respectively. However, the interaction between the above two herbicides recognized actually as negative. Consequently, the use of mixture compound of oxyfluorfen with glyphosate are expected rather to promote the control efficacy of specific weed species, to enlarge the weeding spectrum and to prolong the weeding periods than to reduce the application rate of both chemicals depending on any synergic interactions.

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Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Kimchi-Flavored Steak Sauce (김치를 이용한 스테이크소스의 휘발성 향기성분)

  • Cho, Yong-Bum;Park, Woo-Po;Jung, Eun-Joo;Lee, Mi-Jeong;Lee, Yang-Bong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.351-355
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    • 2002
  • Volatile compounds of kimchi-flavored steak sauce were isolated using simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction methods and identified by matching mass spectrum and retention index (RI) with the reference data. Twenty-three compounds including five aldehydes, four alcohols, four acids, three sulfur-containing compounds, one ketone, and six others were identified, among which the most abundant compound was eugenol. Sulfides such as dimethyl dis- and trisulfides, and acids such as acetic and dodecanoic acids showed strong effects on the kimchi flavor. Aroma extract dilution analysis with three fold dilution factor shown in over the FD value 34 identified 2-butanal, 2-pentylfuran, methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, and 2-furanmethanol. Strong good aroma was detected in the RI range between 1030 and 1357, bad aroma in RI 1561, sweety aroma in RI 2057, clover aroma of eugenol in RI 2122, and rancid flavor in RI 2251.

Environmental Geochemistry and Heavy Matel Contamination of Ground and Surface Water, Soil and Sediment at the Kongjujuil Mine Creek, Korea (공주제일광산 수계에 분포하는 지하수, 지표수, 토양 및 퇴적물의 환경지구화학적 특성과 중금속 오염)

  • 이찬희
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.611-631
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    • 1999
  • Enviromental geochemisty and heary metal contamination at the Kongjueil mine creek were underaken on the basis of physicohemical properties and mineralogy for various kinds of water (surface, mine and ground water),soil, precipitate and sediment collected of April and December in 1998. Hydrgeochemical composition of the water samples are characterized by relatively significant enricant of Ca+Na, alkiali ions $NO_3$ and Cl inground and surfore water, wheras the mine waters are relatively eneripheral water of the mining creek have the characteristics of the (Ca+Mg)-$(HCO_3+SO_4)$type. The pH of the mine water is high acidity (3.24)and high EC (613$\mu$S/cm)compared with those of surface and ground water. The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}O$ values (relative to SMOW) in the waters are shpwn in -50.2 to -61.6% and -7.0 to -8.6$\textperthousand$(d value=5.8 to 8.7). Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbiste, kaolinite and smectite are superaturated in the surface and ground water, respectively. Calculated water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that weathing of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite owing to the continuous water-rock reaction. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic heavy metals may exist larfely in the from of metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^2)$and free metal $(M^{2+})$ in nmine water. These metals in the ground and surface water could be formed of $CO_3$ and OH complex ions. The average enrichment indices of water samples are 2.72 of the groundwater, 2.26 of the surface water and 14.15 of the acid mine water, normalizing by surface water composition at the non-mining creek, repectively. Characteristics of some major, minor and rate earth elements (Al/Na, K/Na, V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co, La/Ce, Th/Yb, $La_N/Yb_N$, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th) in soil and sediment are revealed a narrow range and homogeneous compositions may be explained by acidic to intermediate igneous rocks. And these suggested that sediment source of host granitic gneiss colud be due to rocks of high grade metamorphism originated by sedimentary rocks. Maximum concentrations of environmentally toxic elements in sediment and soil are Fe=53.80 wt.% As=660, Cd=4, Cr=175, Cu=158, Mn=1010, Pb=2933, Sb=4 and Zn=3740 ppm, and extremely high concentrations are found are found in the subsurface soil near the ore dump and precipitates. Normalizing by composition of host granitic gneiss, the average enerichment indices are 3.72 of the sediments, 3.48 of the soils, 10.40 of the precipitates of acid mine drainage and 6.25 of the soils near the main adit. The level of enerichment was very severe in mining drainage sediments, while it was not so great in the soils. mineral composition of soil and sediment near the mining area were partly variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. reddish variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. Reddish brown precipitation mineral in the acid mine drainage identifies by schwertmanite. From the separated mineralgy, soil and sediment are composed of some pyrite, arsenopyite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite and various kinds of hydroxied minerals.

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Comparison of Dental Biofilm Reduction between Rolling Method and Modified Stillman Method (회전법과 변형스틸맨법의 치면세균막 감소 효과 비교)

  • Han, Ye-Seul;Lim, Soon-Ryun;Cho, Young-Sik
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.660-665
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to use basic data of dental hygiene curriculum by comparing the rolling method and modified stillman method. Plaque measurement method, Q-ray examination of the clinical utilization value shall review. True experimental design is randomized controlled trial to the intervention group and the control group. Measurements are plaque control record (PCR; O'Leary index) measurements and Quantitative Light induced fluorescnece Digital (QLFD) shooting as a pre-test was conducted. Intervention group is modified stillman method, control group is rolling method. Intervention after 5 weeks, PCR measurement and QLFD shooting was carried out as a post-test. Rolling method and modified stillman method plaque reduction did not differ. Intervention before and after the results of the comparison showed reduced plaque score after brushing law education. Also, Plaque reduction differences were more pronounced modified stillman method than rolling method. PCR and QLFD values of the correlation was not confirmed but SPS Score and the lower value of the ${\Delta}R$ value of the correlation. Plaque of maturity tooth that are not observed visually.