• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.3225-3262
• /
• 1974

The purposes of this thesis are to clarify experimentally the variation of ground water temperature in tube wells during the irrigation period of paddy rice, and the effect of ground water irrigation on the growth, grain yield and yield components of the rice plant, and, furthermore, when and why the plant is most liable to be damaged by ground water, and also to find out the effective ground water irrigation methods. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows; 1. The temperature of ground water in tube wells varies according to the location, year, and the depth of the well. The average temperatures of ground water in a tubewells, 6.3m, 8.0m deep are $14.5^{\circ}C$ and $13.1^{\circ}C$, respercively, during the irrigation period of paddy rice (From the middle of June to the end of September). In the former the temperature rises continuously from $12.3^{\circ}C$ to 16.4$^{\circ}C$ and in the latter from $12.4^{\circ}C$ to $13.8^{\circ}C$ during the same period. These temperatures are approximately the same value as the estimated temperatures. The temperature difference between the ground water and the surface water is approximately $11^{\circ}C$. 2. The results obtained from the analysis of the water quality of the "Seoho" reservoir and that of water from the tube well show that the pH values of the ground water and the surface water are 6.35 and 6.00, respectively, and inorganic components such as N, PO4, Na, Cl, SiO2 and Ca are contained more in the ground water than in the surface water while K, SO4, Fe and Mg are contained less in the ground water. 3. The response of growth, yield and yield components of paddy rice to ground water irrigation are as follows; (l) Using ground water irrigation during the watered rice nursery period(seeding date: 30 April, 1970), the chracteristics of a young rice plant, such as plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers are inferior to those of young rice plants irrigated with surface water during the same period. (2) In cases where ground water and surface water are supplied separately by the gravity flow method, it is found that ground water irrigation to the rice plant delays the stage at which there is a maximum increase in the number of tillers by 6 days. (3) At the tillering stage of rice plant just after transplanting, the effect of ground water irrigation on the increase in the number of tillers is better, compared with the method of supplying surface water throughout the whole irrigation period. Conversely, the number of tillers is decreased by ground water irrigation at the reproductive stage. Plant height is extremely restrained by ground water irrigation. (4) Heading date is clearly delayed by the ground water irrigation when it is practised during the growth stages or at the reproductive stage only. (5) The heading date of rice plants is slightly delayed by irrigation with the gravity flow method as compared with the standing water method. (6) The response of yield and of yield components of rice to ground water irrigation are as follows: \circled1 When ground water irrigation is practised during the growth stages and the reproductive stage, the culm length of the rice plant is reduced by 11 percent and 8 percent, respectively, when compared with the surface water irrigation used throughout all the growth stages. \circled2 Panicle length is found to be the longest on the test plot in which ground water irrigation is practised at the tillering stage. A similar tendency as that seen in the culm length is observed on other test plots. \circled3 The number of panicles is found to be the least on the plot in which ground water irrigation is practised by the gravity flow method throughout all the growth stages of the rice plant. No significant difference is found between the other plots. \circled4 The number of spikelets per panicle at the various stages of rice growth at which_ surface or ground water is supplied by gravity flow method are as follows; surface water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥ 98.5. Ground water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥‥62.2 Ground water at the tillering stage‥‥‥‥‥ 82.6. Ground water at the reproductive stage ‥‥‥‥‥ 74.1. \circled5 Ripening percentage is about 70 percent on the test plot in which ground water irrigation is practised during all the growth stages and at the tillering stage only. However, when ground water irrigation is practised, at the reproductive stage, the ripening percentage is reduced to 50 percent. This means that 20 percent reduction in the ripening percentage by using ground water irrigation at the reproductive stage. \circled6 The weight of 1,000 kernels is found to show a similar tendency as in the case of ripening percentage i. e. the ground water irrigation during all the growth stages and at the reproductive stage results in a decreased weight of the 1,000 kernels. \circled7 The yield of brown rice from the various treatments are as follows; Gravity flow; Surface water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥‥514kg/10a. Ground water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥‥428kg/10a. Ground water at the reproductive stage‥‥‥‥‥‥430kg/10a. Standing water; Surface water at all growh stages‥‥‥‥‥‥556kg/10a. Ground water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥‥441kg/10a. Ground water at the reproductive stage‥‥‥‥‥‥450kg/10a. The above figures show that ground water irrigation by the gravity flow and by the standing water method during all the growth stages resulted in an 18 percent and a 21 percent decrease in the yield of brown rice, respectively, when compared with surface water irrigation. Also ground water irrigation by gravity flow and by standing water resulted in respective decreases in yield of 16 percent and 19 percent, compared with the surface irrigation method. 4. Results obtained from the experiments on the improvement of ground water irrigation efficiency to paddy rice are as follows; (1) When the standing water irrigation with surface water is practised, the daily average water temperature in a paddy field is 25.2$^{\circ}C$, but, when the gravity flow method is practised with the same irrigation water, the daily average water temperature is 24.5$^{\circ}C$. This means that the former is 0.7$^{\circ}C$ higher than the latter. On the other hand, when ground water is used, the daily water temperatures in a paddy field are respectively 21.$0^{\circ}C$ and 19.3$^{\circ}C$ by practising standing water and the gravity flow method. It can be seen that the former is approximately 1.$0^{\circ}C$ higher than the latter. (2) When the non-water-logged cultivation is practised, the yield of brown rice is 516.3kg/10a, while the yield of brown rice from ground water irrigation plot throughout the whole irrigation period and surface water irrigation plot are 446.3kg/10a and 556.4kg/10a, respectivelely. This means that there is no significant difference in yields between surface water irrigation practice and non-water-logged cultivation, and also means that non-water-logged cultivation results in a 12.6 percent increase in yield compared with the yield from the ground water irrigation plot. (3) The black and white coloring on the inside surface of the water warming ponds has no substantial effect on the temperature of the water. The average daily water temperatures of the various water warming ponds, having different depths, are expressed as Y=aX+b, while the daily average water temperatures at various depths in a water warming pond are expressed as Y=a(b)x (where Y: the daily average water temperature, a,b: constants depending on the type of water warming pond, X; water depth). As the depth of water warning pond is increased, the diurnal difference of the highest and the lowest water temperature is decreased, and also, the time at which the highest water temperature occurs, is delayed. (4) The degree of warming by using a polyethylene tube, 100m in length and 10cm in diameter, is 4~9$^{\circ}C$. Heat exchange rate of a polyethylene tube is 1.5 times higher than that or a water warming channel. The following equation expresses the water warming mechanism of a polyethylene tube where distance from the tube inlet, time in day and several climatic factors are given: {{{{ theta omega (dwt)= { a}_{0 } (1-e- { x} over { PHI v })+ { 2} atop { SUM from { { n}=1} { { a}_{n } } over { SQRT { 1+ {( n omega PHI) }^{2 } } } } LEFT { sin(n omega t+ { b}_{n }+ { tan}^{-1 }n omega PHI )-e- { x} over { PHI v }sin(n omega LEFT ( t- { x} over {v } RIGHT ) + { b}_{n }+ { tan}^{-1 }n omega PHI ) RIGHT } +e- { x} over { PHI v } theta i}}}}{{{{ { theta }_{$\infty$ }(t)= { { alpha theta }_{a }+ { theta }_{ w'} +(S- { B}_{s } ) { U}_{w } } over { beta } , PHI = { { cpDU}_{ omega } } over {4 beta } }}}} where $\theta$$\omega$; discharged water temperature($^{\circ}C$) $\theta$a; air temperature ($^{\circ}C$) $\theta$$\omega$';ponded water temperature($^{\circ}C$) s ; net solar radiation(ly/min) t ; time(tadian) x; tube length(cm) D; diameter(cm) ao,an,bn;constants determined from $\theta$$\omega$(t) varitation. cp; heat capacity of water(cal/$^{\circ}C$ ㎥) U,Ua; overall heat transfer coefficient(cal/$^{\circ}C$ $\textrm{cm}^2$ min-1) $\omega$;1 velocity of water in a polyethylene tube(cm/min) Bs ; heat exchange rate between water and soil(ly/min)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.241-252
• /
• 1990

장포자충(Thelohanellus kitauei) 포자의 극사탈출 여부를 생사 각정 기준으로 하여 물리 화학적 요인이 포자의 활성 및 생존에 미치는 영향에 대하여 관찰하였다. 신선 포자를 0.45% 및 0.9% 생리식염수와 증류수에 현학시켜 $5^{\circ}C$ 또는 $28^{\circ}C$에 단기간 보존하면 3일까지, Tyrode액에 철 탁시켜 $-70^{\circ}C$에 단기간 냉동 보존하면 8일까지 극사탈출률이 상승하였다. 신선 포자를 0,45%생리 식염수에 현탁시켜 $5^{\circ}C$에 장기간 보존하면 1,270일간 생존할 수 있을 것으로 추정되며, 증류수에 현탁시켜 $28^{\circ}C$에 보존하면 152일간 밖에 생존하지 않으나, Tyrode액에 현탁시켜 $-70^{\circ}C$에 법통 보존하면 750일 후에도 냉동 초기와 거의 같은 패턴으로 생존하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 신선 효 자를 Tyrode액에 현탁, 냉동시킨 다음 $5^{\circ}C$의 조건 하에서 해동시킬 때 포자의 극사설출률이 가잔 높았다. 냉동 후 해동 포자에 열을 가하면 냉동기간이 길수록 극사탈출률이 약간 높아지는 경향이었으며 180일간 냉동례에 있어서 포자가 전부 사멸하는 한계점은 대체적으로 $60^{\circ}C$ 78.5시간, $70^{\circ}C$ 23.4시 간, $80^{\circ}C$ 189.1분 또는 $90^{\circ}C$ 10.5분이었다. 냉동 포자의 해동 후 사멸에 요하는 대체적인 기간도 냉동기간이 길수록 길며, 그 한계점은 20일간 냉동시 17.4일, 100일간 냉동 시 33.2일, 400일간 냉동시 37.8일이었다. 냉동 포자를 해동 후 자연건조시키면 냉동시간이 길수록 포자의 사멸에 요 하는 대체적인 기간도 길며, 그 한계점은 540일간 냉동시 23.5일, 160일간 냉동시 21.0일, 20일간 냉동시 14.4일이었다. 한편, 냉동 후 해동 포자에 l0W 자외선등을 조사하면 냉동시간이 길수록 빨리 사멸하며, 그 한계점은 100일간 냉동시 26.0시간, 300일간 냉동시 21.9시간, 540일간 냉동시 13.9시간이었다. 각종 소독제(1,000 ppm)가 200일간 냉동 후 해동 포자를 사멸시키는데 필요한 시 간은 산화칼슘 5.2분, 과망간뜬칼륨 10.4분, 말라카이트그린 27.8분, 포르말린 14.3시간의 순이었다. 그리고, 각종 항원충 및 둔진균제 중에서 ketoconazole, metronidazole, dapsone의 순으로 일시적인 극사탈출 억제 효과가 인정되었다. 이상의 실험 결과로 미루어 보아 장포자충증의 감염을 예방하기 위해서는 현시점에 있어서 양어장의 바닥을 콘크리트로 축달하여 완전 건조시킨 다음 산화칼슘을 철포하고 태양광선을 수일 간에 걸쳐 조사시키는 방법 밖에 없는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 1992

도전(稻田)의 서지(鋤地)(중경제초(中耕除草))법(法)은 서구(西歐)나 또는 중국(中國)과도 달리 우리 현실에 맞도록 일찍부터 체계화되고 있었으며, 가장 대표적인 서지법(鋤地法)은 배수(排水)한 후에 손제초(除草)와 서지법(鋤地法)을 순서대로 조화 있게 집행해 가는 3-4회 반복(反復)의 고도집약적(高度集約的) 농법(濃法)에 따랐다. 또한 묘종법(苗種法)으로의 전환과정(轉換過程)이나 직조파(直條播)하는 요령 자체부터 제초관리(除草管理)를 효율적으로 하려는 데 목적이 있었던 것으로 재배양식(栽培樣式)의 발전은 곧 서지(鋤地)와 직결된 관련을 가졌다. 또한 17세기(世紀)부터 고대(古代) 중국(中國)의 심경법(深耕法)(심경역누(深耕易耨)의 원리(原理) 때문), 화누법(황지(荒地)의 기숙잡초관리(旣熟雜草管理)를 효율적(效率的)으로 하기 위한 화경수누법에서 유래(由來))을 새롭게 인용하여 보급을 강조한 것은 당시의 실정(實情)에 기인하겠지만, 이로 인한 광작농(廣作農)의 실현은 곧 이들 방법과 기술적용(技術適用)의 결과라 하겠다. 18-19세기(世紀)에도 서지법(鋤地法)에 큰 차이는 없었으나 경작법(耕作法)의 변화에 맞추어 제초회수(除草回數)가 감소될 수 있었고, 특히 수도건파재배기술(水稻乾播栽培技術)은 북부조지(北部早地)에서 도작(稻作)을 하는 데 제한인자(制限因子) 역할을 하였던 물의 이용성(利用性)을 향상시킴과 동시에 잡초문제(雜草問題)를 쉽게 관리할 수 있도록 이상적인 서지방법( 鋤地方法)을 창안(創案)하여 완성시킨 경작법(耕作法)이었다. 이와 함께 조방적(粗放的) 광작농(廣作農)의 제초관리요령(除草管理要領)을 현실적으로 비평하여 반종(反種)이나 화누법의 기술(技術)들을 취사선택(取捨選擇)케 유도했던 ‘천일록(千一錄)’의 우하영(禹夏永)은 당시의 광작농기술(廣作農技術) 위에 집약농기술(集約農技術)을 접목시켜 선말(鮮末)의 '집약적광작농(集約的廣作農)'을 실현케 하고 이를 통하여 국가(國家) 농업생산력(農業生産力)을 5배(倍) 증가시키는데 크게 기여한 것으로 평가된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.37-55
• /
• 1990

Every country in the world has been trying to expand the basic health right for the peoples as W.H.O has established the goal 'health for AU' by the year of 2000. Related to this goal, our government authority has establish the policy 'the insurance of health for all' into effect from July 198\). Recently hospitalshave been making a ceaseless effort for the plan for the rationalization of its management the academic World is making it a subject of discussion by doing the secure of manpower at a resonable level and the increase of productivity by the manpower. As a result of the efforts the study was established to secure the numbers of nursing manpower at a resonable level and use the unskilled persons at the utilizing field and seek the possible area of their activity for more efficient service through the investigation of ablity of simple nursing activities of regiestered nurses and nurse aides for rational function according to the educational levels and talents. The method of study was established by the registered nurses and nurse and nurse aides(R.N 229, N.A 226) who are working in 15 hospitals with over 200 beds. This surrey was conducted from Mar 29, 1989 to April 8, 1989. The method to test the degree of importance, difficulties, and the abillity of performance of a simple nursing activities was classified into 35 activities on the basis of references on this field. The degree of importance was composed from point l(Not so important) to 5(Very important). the degree of difficulties. was composed as follows; very easy - Point 1 very difficult and complicated - Point 5. and the ability of performance was composed from point 1 to 5. The materials gathered through the survey were analyzed with frequency, mean standard deviation, percentage. t-test, Anova, pearson's coefficient of correlation, stepwise multiple regression. factor analysis, discriminant analysis. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The recognition values of the simple nursing activities of each group of registered nurse and nurse aides show; The degree of importance; 4.04 and 4.26 The degree of difficulties; 2.72 and 2.94 The ability of performance; 2.07 and 2.38 The brief summary shows there are little differences between who two groups the simple nursing activities turned out to be easy and simple work. 2. Regardless of the degree of importance, and difficulties, the ability of performance the important in fluencing of the degree of the simple nursing activities between the registered nurses and nurse aides was the order of educational level, hospital career, working career in wards and ages of the registered nurses and ages and hospital creer of nurse aides. The result was that the simple nursing activities could easily be familiar through the training of their working environment and period of experience. 3. Among the 35 simple nursing activities the items capable of resonable entrusting to the nurse aides are 5 that is helping bed-bathing, 8itz Bath, using bed pan, care while delivering patient, accompaying patient when visitor's check. There wasn't and differences between RN and nurse aides in performing the above 5 items. In anywhere. so we can say obviosuly that this nursing activities should be performed under the nursing system of which chief of nurse are supposed to supervise nurse aides as a possible function to be entrusted. In view of the above mentioned results, therefore, this partial functional job of the simple nursing activities can able be entrusted to the nurse aides through the regular training course. In case of these functional activities could be entrusted under, the responsibility of registered nurse, we can able suggest to for that there are the following advantages: 1.. In the nursing activities-affairs, the qualified guarantee of the nursing services can be kept and increased or promotoed with accommodation of the required nursing service and roles being expanded presently. 2. In the productivity of the hospital manpower, therefore, we have comt to view and consider in favourly that when an automational administration times would be come in the near future time to hospital affairs as a reality, to utilize the existing nures aides is better rather than investing so as to develop the other source manpowers or seek its for the efficient business management in the operational strategy or its policy.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.215-235
• /
• 1996

본 연구에서 수행한 Model 시뮬레이션에 의한 열환경 분석 기법은 지역별로 다양한 기상여건 하에서 대상온실의 난방 및 냉방부하를 보다 합리적으로 예측할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 냉방이나 난방용 시스템의 결정을 비롯한 난방대책을 수립하고, 에너지 이용 전략의 수립이나 계절적인 작부계획 수립, 온실산업용 적지선정 등에 유익하게 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 온실의 적극적인 환경조절 유형을 난방과 냉방의 두 가지로 대별하고, 난방 소요열량 산정을 비롯하여 야간의 보온 커튼효과, Heating Degree-Hour 산정 등 난방과 관련된 시뮬레이션은 동적 모형을 이용하여 시간별, 일별 및 월별로 검토하였으며, 환기를 비롯한 차광, 증발냉각시스템의 효과 분석은 정적모형을 이용하여 검토하였다. 특히 하절기 지하수와 같은 저온수를 직접 이용하거나 Heat Pump를 통하여 확보될 수 있는 저온수를 이용하여 온실의 피복면에 살수함으로서 확보할 수 있는 온실냉방효과를 검토하는 데는 1.2m$\times$2.4m 크기의 모형온실을 제작하여 기초실험을 수행함으로서 동절기의 수막시스템의 보온효과와 마찬가지로 하절기 냉방 효과를 거둘 수 있다는 가능성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에 활용된 온실의 수치 환경모형 중 난방관련 시뮬레이션용 동적 수치모형은 소기의 목적을 달성하는데 충분히 응용될 수 있는 이론모형이다. 이 이론모형이 범용성이 높은 것은 온실 내ㆍ외의 미기상 변화, 특히 난방이나 냉방이 본격적으로 요구되는 기간동안에 온도, 습도, 일사, 풍속 등의 미기상 인자들을 면밀하게 관찰하여 실측된 자료를 바탕으로 개발되었고, 다양한 자료에 의해 충분히 검정되었기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 경남 진주지역의 어느 특정 기간(1987년)의 시간별 기상자료를 중심으로 온실의 열적 환경변화에 대한 수치모형 시뮬레이션을 실시하였으며, 아직 수치모형에 의한 시뮬레이션이 불가능한 일부 냉방효과를 검토하는 데는 모형 실험을 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 주간과 야간의 설정온도를 달리하고 다단계 변온조절방식으로 시뮬레이션을 행한 결과 난방 소요열량은 난방 설정온도에 따라 현저한 차이를 보였다. 특히 주간 설정온도에 비하여 야간 설정온도가 난방 소요열량에 예민하게 영향을 미치므로 야간의 설정온도 결정에 신중을 기해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 2. 기존의 Heating Degree-Hour 자료는 평균 외기온을 중심으로 임의의 설정온도에 대하여 산정된 값이므로 난방 소요열량에 대한 상대적인 비교수단은 되나 고려되는 기상인자의 제한과 설정온도의 임의성 때문에 실용성이 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시된 것처럼 온실 주변의 제반 미기상 인자나 경계조건이 반영됨은 물론 작물의 생육상태 및 구체적인 설정온도까지도 고려하는 동적 수치모형으로 시시각각으로 예측된 실내기온을 중심으로 재배기간 동안의 난방열량을 적산함이 합리적이라 판단된다. 기존의 MDH 자료로 난방 설계를 할 경우에는 지나치게 과잉설계 될 가능성이 있다. 3. 산정된 난방 소요열량은 물론 커튼의 보온성능도 월별 기상여건에 따라 현저한 차이를 보이며, 시뮬레이션에 이용된 커튼의 경우 높은 보온효과를 보임으로서 년 평균 50% 이상의 난방 에너지를 절감할 수 있으며, 동절기 3-4개월의 집중 난방기에 에너지가 크게 절감됨을 발견할 수 있다. 4. 고온기 환기성능은 온실의 구조, 기상조건, 작물의 생육상태 등에 따라 다소의 차이가 있으나 환기율에 의해 크게 좌우되며, 시뮬레이션에 이용된 두 가지 농가보급형 온실 모두 환기율의 증가에 따른 실내기온의 강하 효과가 환기율이 1회/min 정도를 넘어서면서 급격히 둔화되는 현상을 보인다. 이는 기존에 권장되고 있는 적정 환기율인 1회/min 전후의 환기 시스템을 갖추는 것이 합리적임을 확인해 준다. 5. 작물이 성숙된 유리온실에서 외기의 상대습도가 50%인 쾌청한 주간동안 연속적으로 1회/min로 환기를 시킬 경우 실내기온 36.5$^{\circ}C$의 대조구에 비한 온도강하는 50% 차광만 했을 시 2.6$^{\circ}C$이고 효율 80%의 Pad ＆ Fan 시스템만 작동시 6.1$^{\circ}C$ 정도이며, 차광과 냉각시스템을 동시에 작동시는 약 8.6$^{\circ}C$로서 외기온보다 3.3$^{\circ}C$가 낮은 28$^{\circ}C$까지 실내온도를 낮출 수 있으나, 동일 조건하에서 외기의 상대습도가 80%로 높은 경우에는 Pad ＆ Fan시스템에 의한 온도강하가 2.4$^{\circ}C$에 불과하여 50% 차광하에서도 외기온 이하로 실내온도를 낮출 수 없음을 알 수 있다. 6. 하절기 3개월(6/1-8/31)동안 Pad ＆ Fan 시스템의 냉방효과($\Delta$T)는 설정된 작동 온도에 따라 다소 차이를 보일 것으로 예상되나 본 시뮬레이션에서 설정한 시스템의 작동 온도 27$^{\circ}C$에서 상대습도와의 상관관계는 대략 다음과 같았다: $\Delta$T= -0.077RH＋7.7 7. 전형적인 하절기 주간기상 하에서 경시적 냉방효과를 분석한 결과 환기만으로는 실내기온을 외기온 보다 5$^{\circ}C$ 높게 유지하는 정도가 고작이고, 차광이나 증발식 냉방시스템 만으로는 작물이 성숙한 단계에서조차도 외기온 이하로 떨어뜨리기가 어려우나 차광과 아울러 증발식 냉방을 병행할 경우에는 작물상태에 따라 다소 차이는 있지만 실내기온을 외기온보다 2.0-2.3$^{\circ}C$ 낮게 유지할 수 있음을 발견할 수 있다. 8. 일사가 차단된 27.5-28.5$^{\circ}C$의 외기온하에서 6.5-8.5$^{\circ}C$의 냉수를 온실 바닥면적 1$m^2$당 1.3 liter/min의 유량으로 온실표면에 살수했을 때 실내기온을 외기온보다 1$0^{\circ}C$ 낮은 16.5-18.$0^{\circ}C$ 정도로 낮출 수 있었다. 앞으로 살수 수온(T$_{w}$ )이나 외기온(T$_{o}$ ) 뿐만아니라 살수율(Q)에 따라 온실기온 (T$_{g}$ )에 미치는 상관 관계 T$_{g}$ = f(T$_{w}$ , Q, T$_{o}$ )를 구명하여 지하수 자체 또는 Heat Pump를 이용한 지하수온 이하의 냉수로 온실냉방의 가능성을 구명하는 것이 앞으로의 과제이다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.795-804
• /
• 1998

연구배경: 만성 호산구성 폐렴은 장기간의 호흡기계 증상, 흉부 엑스선상의 미만성 침윤, 폐 및 말초혈액의 호산구증 및 스테로이드 치료에 극적인 반응 등으로 특징지어지는 만성적이고 재발되는 간질성 폐 질환이다. 급성 호산구성 폐렴은 만성 호산구성 폐렴과 유사하나 임상경과가 빠르고 스테로이드 치료로 호전되며 재발이 없는 질환으로 알려져 있으며, 최근에는 진단 기준을 포함한 급성 호산구성 폐렴에 대한 재평가가 시도되고 있는 실정이며, 급성 호산구성 폐렴의 진단 기준이 다소 제한적이라는 연구도 보고되고 있다. 저자 등은 본원에 내원한 급성 및 만성 호산구성 폐렴환자의 임상적인 특정과 임상경과를 알아보고 서로 비교하여보았다. 방 법: 1992년부터 1997년까지 가톨릭 의과대학 7개 부속 병원에서 급성 및 만성 호산구성 폐렴으로 진단된 16예의 임상상을 요약하였다. 급성 및 만성 호산구성 폐렴의 진단 기준으로는 기침, 발열, 호흡곤란의 호흡기계 증상이 있고, 흉부 X-선과 전산화 단층촬영에서 폐침윤이 있는 환자로, 폐 호산구증은 기관지 폐포 세척과 경기관지 폐생검 및 개흉 폐생검으로 진단하였으며, 호산구증을 일으키는 기저질환이 있는 경우는 제외하였다. 곁 과: 16명의 환자 중 급성 호산구성 폐렴환자가 7명 (남자 5명, 여자 2명), 만성 호산구성 폐렴환자가 9명 (남자 5명, 여자 4명) 이었다. 평균 연령은 AEP 환자 $24.6{\pm}7.9$세, CEP환자 $55.4{\pm}15.12$세로 CEP환자에서 높은 경향을 보였으며 (p<0.05), $38^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고혈이 AEP 환자 100%(7/7), CEP환자는 11%(1/9)가 있었다. 내원 전 증상의 기간은 AEP환자가 $2.6{\pm}1$일, CEP환자가 $44.7{\pm}25.5$일이었다 (p<0.05). 흉부 방사선 소견상 양측성 폐렴 침윤은 AEP환자100%(7/7), CEP환자는 89%(8/9)가 있었으며, 흉수는 AEP환자86%(6/7), CEP환자 22%(2/9)가 있었다. 평균 말초 혈액 백혈구 수는 AEP환자 17, $186{\pm}8,134/mm^3$, CEP환자 $12,867{\pm}6,040/mm^3$이었고, 호산구분획은 AEP환자 $6.6{\pm}6.7%$(0~20%), CEP환자 $11.3{\pm}21.1%$(0~65%) 이었으며 AEP환자는 추적검사에서 내원 4~7 병일째 (23.7~51%) 가장 높았다, 평균 말초 혈액 호산구 수는 AEP환자 $939{\pm}1,042/mm^3$, CEP환자 $2,104{\pm}4,966/mm3^$이었다. 기관지 폐포 세척액 검사에서 평균 호산구분획은 AEP환자 $32.4{\pm}14.5%$(18~47%), CEP환자 $35.8{\pm}26.7%$(15.3~88.2%) 이었다. 동맥혈 가스 검사상 평균 $PaO_2$는 AEP환자 $44.1{\pm}15.5mmHg$, CEP환자 $62.7{\pm}6.9mmHg$로 AEP환자에서 더 낮았다 (p<0.05). 모든 환자에서 확진 전에 항생제를 투여하였으며, 확진 후에 AEP환자 7명 중 1명은 스테로이드 투여후 호전되었고, 6명은 스테로이드를 투여하지 않고서 호전되었다. CEP환자는 모두에서 확진 후에 스테로이드를 투여하였으며 임상적 호전을 보였다. AEP환자들은 재발이 없었으며, CEP환자 중 3명이 스테로이드 투여 중단 또는 감량 후에 재발이 있었으며 이들중 2명용 천식의 병력이 있는 환자들이었다. 결 론: 급성 호산구성 폐렴은 만성 호산구성 폐렴에 비해 비교적 젊은 사람에게서 고열, 기침, 호흡곤란의 급성 호흡기계 증상을 동반하며, 저산소증이 심하고, 스테로이드 치료에 반응 하지만, 대증요법으로 호전을 보이는 경우도 있는 질환으로 생각된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.208-222
• /
• 1983

과수원(果樹園)의 잡초(雜草)를 이상적(理想的)로 방제(防除)하기 위한 Oxyfluorfen과 Paraquat 혼제(混劑)의 상호작용(相互作用) 효과(效果)를 검정(檢定)하고, 두 약제(藥劑)의 혼용(混用)에 따른 제초제(除草劑) 이용성(利用性)을 체계화(體系化)하기 위하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)가 시도(試圖)되었다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 나주군(羅州郡) 금천면(錦川面) 소재(所在)의 원예시험장(園藝試驗場) 나주지장(羅州支場)에 식재(植栽)된 15년생(年生) 복숭아 과원(果園)에서 수행(遂行)되었고, 시험내용(試驗內容)은 Paraguat 2수준(水準)(0. 2kg pr./ha와 Oxyfluorfen 5 수준(水準)(0, 1, 2. 3, 4kg pr./ha)의 조합처리(組合處理)에 의한 preemergence와 late-postemergence 시험(試驗)과 두 약제(藥劑) 각각(各各) 5 수준(水準)(0, 1, 2, 3, 4kg pr./ha)의 조합처리(組合處理)에 의한 early-postemergence 시험(試驗)으로 구성(構成)되었다. 제초효과(除草效果)와 조합(組合)의 상호작용(相互作用) 해석(解析)을 중심(中心)으로 도출(導出)한 주요결과(主要結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시포장(供試圃場)의 잡초발생(雜草發生) 특성(特性)은 조사(調査) 전기간(全期間)을 통(通)하여 쑥이 우점(優占)하였고, 발생량(發生量)은 5월하순(月下旬)과 7월하순(月下旬) 이후(以後)부터 8월(月)까지의 2 회(回)였고, Simpson 지수(指數)와 발생량간(發生量間)에는 역상관관계(逆相關關係)를 나타내었다. 2. preemergence 처리(處理)에서는 처리후(處理後) 일수경과(日數經過)에 따라 제초효과(除草效果)가 80~90%부터 60~70%까지 떨어졌으나, 두 약제(藥劑)의 상대상승지수(相對相乘指數)는 처리후(處理後) 60 일(日)에 가장 현저(顯著)하였다. 3. early-postemergence 처리(處理)에서는 처리후(處理後) 일수경과(日數經過)에 따라 제초효과(除草效果)가 80~90%로부터 40% 전후(前後)까지 떨어졌으나 상대상승지수(相對相乘指數)는 처리후(處理後) 40 일(日)에 가장 뚜렷하였고, 두 약제혼용비(藥劑混用比)에 있어서 Paraquat는 높아질수록, Oxyfluorfen은 2kg pr./ha에서 가장컸다. 4. late-postemergence 처리(處理)에서는 처리후(處理後) 일수경과(日數經過)에 따라 60 일(日)까지는 70% 전후(前後)의 제초율(除草率)을 나타내었으나 90 일(日)에는 60% 까지 떨어졌으며, 또한 일수경과(日數經過)에 따른 Oxyfluorfen 혼합비(混合比) 증대효과(增大效果)가 소실(消失)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 그러나 상대상승지수(相對相乘指數)는 처리후(處理後) 90일(日)에 가장 뚜렷하였으며, Oxyfluorfen 증가(增加)에 따라 둔화(鈍化)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 5. Colby method에 의한 상호작용산출(相互作用算出) 및 $x^2$-test에 의한 유의성(有意性) 검정결과(檢定結果)도 상대상승지수(相對相乘指數)의 해석결과(解析結果)(상기(上記) 2, 3, 4 항(項))와 동일(同一)한 것으로 해석(解析)되었다. 6. 다년생(多年生) 심근성(深根性) 잡초(雜草)(예(例) : 쑥)가 우점(優占)하는 과원(果園)에서는 preemergence와 late-postemergence의 2 회(回)에 걸친 체계처리(體系處理)로, 일년생(一年生) 화본과(禾本科) 잡초(雜草)(예(例): 바랭이)가 우점(優占)하는 과원(果園)에서는 early-postemergence의 단일처리(單一處理)로 초생법(草生法)에 합리적(合理的)인 제초관리(除草管理)를 충족(充足)시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2012

반도체 산업에서 회로의 고집적화와 다층구조를 형성하기 위해 화학적-기계적 연마(CMP: Chemical-Mechanical Planarization) 공정이 도입되었으며 반도체 패턴의 미세화와 다층화에 따라 화학적-기계적 연마 공정의 중요성은 더욱 강조되고 있다. 화학적-기계적 연마공정이란 화학적 반응과 기계적 힘을 동시에 이용하여 표면을 평탄화하는 공정으로, 화학적-기계적 연마 공정은 압력, 속도 등의 공정조건과, 화학적 반응을 유도하는 슬러리(Slurry), 기계적 힘을 위한 패드 등에 의해 복합적으로 영향을 받는다. 패드 컨디셔닝이란 컨디셔너가 화학적-기계적 연마 공정 중에 지속적으로 패드 표면을 연마하여 패드의 손상된 부분을 제거하고 새로운 표면을 노출시켜 패드의 상태를 일정하게 유지시키는 것을 말한다. 한편, 금속박막의 화학적-기계적 연마 공정에 사용되는 슬러리는 금속박막과 산화반응을 하기 위하여 산화제를 포함하는데, 산화제는 금속 컨디셔너 표면을 산화시켜 부식을 야기한다. 컨디셔너의 표면부식은 반도체 수율에 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 스크래치(Scratch) 등을 발생시킬 뿐만 아니라, 컨디셔너의 수명도 저하시키게 되므로 이를 방지하기 위한 노력이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 컨디셔너 표면에 슬러리와 컨디셔너 표면 간에 일어나는 표면부식을 방지하기 위하여 유기박막을 표면에 증착하여 부식을 방지하고자 하였다. 컨디셔너 제작에 사용되는 금속인 니켈과 니켈 합금을 기판으로 하고, 증착된 유기박막으로는 자기조립단분자막(SAM: Self-Assembled Monolayer)과 불화탄소(FC: FluoroCarbon) 박막을 증착하였다. 자기조립단분자막은 2가지 전구체(Perfluoroctyltrichloro silane(FOTS), Dodecanethiol(DT))를 사용하여 기상 자기조립 단분자막 증착(Vapor SAM) 방법으로 증착하였고, 불화탄소막은 10 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm 두께로 PE-CVD(Plasma Enhanced-Chemical Vapor Deposition, SRN-504, Sorona, Korea) 방법으로 증착하여 표면의 부식특성을 평가하였다. 표면 부식 특성은 동전위분극법(Potentiodynamic Polarization)과 전기화학적 임피던스 측정법(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS)) 등의 전기화학 분석법을 사용하여 평가되었다. 또한 측정된 임피던스 데이터를 전기적 등가회로(Electrical Equivalent Circuit) 모델에 적용하여 부식 방지 효율을 계산하였다. 동전위분극법과 EIS의 결과 분석으로부터 유기박막이 증착된 표면의 부식전류밀도가 감소하고, 임피던스가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.