• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.175-179
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• 1997

Luminescence of $Eu^{3+}$ has been studied in $Sr_{2-2x}Eu_xK_xSnO_4$ with two-dimensional $K_2NiF_4$ structure. The $^5D_o$ → $^7F_o$$Eu^{3+}$ ion represents the J=0 → J=0 transition which is forbidden by a Judd-Ofelt selection rule for electric dipole transition in 4f shell of $Eu^{3+}$ ions. However, the emission line of $^5D_o$ → $^7F_o$$Eu^{3+}$ emission spectra of Sr2-2xEuxKxSnO4$Sr_{2-2x}Eu_xK_xSnO_4$structure around $Eu^{3+}$ ions.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.156-161
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• 2015

The electronic structures of the potential candidate semiconductor nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), such as $ZnSnO_3$ and $Zn_2SnO_4$, have been investigated by employing X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The measured X-ray diffraction patterns show that $ZnSnO_3$ and $Zn_2SnO_4$ samples have the single-phase ilmenite-type structure and the inverse spinel structure, respectively. The measured Zn 2p and Sn 3d core-level XPS spectra reveal that the valence states of Zn and Sn ions are divalent (Zn 2+) and tetravalent (Sn 4+), respectively, in both $ZnSnO_3$ and $Zn_2SnO_4$. On the other hand, the shallow core-level measurements show that the binding energies of Sn 4d and Zn 3d core levels in $ZnSnO_3$ are lower than those in $Zn_2SnO_4$. This work provides the information on the valence states of Zn and Sn ions and their chemical bonding in $ZnSnO_3$ and $Zn_2SnO_4$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2000

In the developing country, the transportation situation is changed very quickly and the transportation environment is not stable. So the transportation planning should be frequently made in considering the limited cost and time. And the traditional large-scale survey(household survey, roadside interview, etc.) has many Problem like the difficulty for doing it and getting mood results. Therefore the study about the method of evaluation on the traffic count based O/D matrix is Processing actively recently. Though the many study for the network in the realistic size are enacted, the study for comparing with the advantage and disadvantage of each method are few. Therefore this study mainly deals with the static method among the existing models of evaluation on the traffic count based O/D matrix(in terms of the transportation plan). Bi-level(GU) and gradient method are selected as main alternative model and analyzed their capability and validity. For testing the reliability of the models, Bi-level(GLS) and gradient method are adapted to toy network. Then we analyze the result of testing, and study the way for large network.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.416-421
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• 2005

Cudrania tricuspidata Bereau (Moraceae) have been used for anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-hyper­tensive and anti-diabetic activities. In order to investigate the efficacy of antioxidant activity, the bio-activity guided fraction and isolation of Biologically active substance were performed. $H_{2}O,\;30\%,\;60\%,\;100%$ MeOH and acetone fractions were examined on the antioxidant activity by DPPH method. It was shown that $30\%,\;60\%,\;100\%$ MeOH fractions have sig­nificantly antioxidant activity. From $30\%$ MeOH fraction, two dihydroflavonoid glycosides dihydroquercetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glu­copyranoside (I), dihydrokaempferol 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (V) were isolated and $60\%$ MeOH fraction, six flavonoids including quercetin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1\rightarrow6$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (II), quercetin 3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (III), quercetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (IV), kaempferol 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1\rightarrow6$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (VI), kaempferol 3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (VII), kaempferol 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (VIII) were isolated. To investigate the antioxidant activities of each compounds, we measured radical scavening activity with DPPH method and anti-lipid per­oxidative efficacy on low density lipoprotein (LDL) with TBARS assay. Four compounds of quercetin glycosides (I, II, III, IV) showed significant antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.204-210
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• 2016

Phytochemical investigation of the 80% MeOH extract from the stems of Lagerstroemia indica resulted in the isolation of eighteen compounds; four norsesquiterpenes, fourteen phenolic derivatives. Their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods to be tachioside (1), isotachioside (2), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (3), gallic acid 4-methyl ether (4), protocatechuic acid (5), gallic acid (6), vanillic acid (7), vanillin (8), 2-methoxy-5-hydroxymethyl-phenyl-1-O-(6"-galloyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (9), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-${\beta}$-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-1-O-(6'-O-galloyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (11), vomifoliol (12), vomifoliol 9-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (13), 6R,9R-3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol-9-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (14), dihydrophaseic acid 4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (15), ${\beta}$-hydroxypropiovanillone 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (16), myrciaphenone A (17), and coumaric acid (18). Compounds 1-5 and 7-18 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compounds 1-18 were investigated for their antioxidant properties using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity assay, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating, and FRAP assay. It was found that 4, 6, and 11 possessed the highest antioxidant capacities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.635-635
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• 2013

We report three-dimensional polycrystalline anatase TiO2 structures (3D a-TiO2) for environmental and bio-medical applications. The 3D a-TiO2 was synthesized without thermal treatment by the growth of rod-like polycrystals on Degussa P25 (P25) via low temperature (< $85^{\circ}C$) modified alkali hydrothermal processing. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic results showed that the rod-like polycrystals of 3D a-TiO2 possessed the highly anatase nanostructures. The photocatalytic activity of 3D a-TiO2 was found to be 2.2 times higher than that of P25. The recyclability of the 3D a-TiO2 was found to be high: the decolorization rate was 94.8% of the initial value after fifteen cycles. In addition, 3D a-TiO2 exhibited excellent antibacterial activities for the sterilization of gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Even at the 10th recycled use, more than 98.4% of E. coli and S. aureus can be killed. These results indicated that 3D a-TiO2 might have utility in several promising applications such as photocatalytic water/air purification and bactericidal agents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1253-1258
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• 2012

Two phenolic allopyranosides and two phenolic amide allopyranosides, along with eight known phenolic compounds, including cimicifugic acids, shomaside B, fukiic acid, isoferulic acid, and piscidic acid, were isolated from the n-butanolic extract of rhizomes of Cimicifuga heracleifolia. On-line spectroscopic data for UV, NMR, and MS from a combination of LC-NMR and LC-MS techniques directly and rapidly provided sufficient structural information to identify and confirm all the structures of major phenolic compounds in the extract, in addition to their HPLC profiles. This combined analytic information was then used as a dereplication tool for structure-guided screening in order to isolate unknown phenolic compounds in the extract. Successive fractionation and purification using semi-preparative HPLC acquired four unknown allopyranosides, and their structures were identified as cis-ferulic acid 4-O-${\beta}$-D-allopyranoside, trans-ferulic acid 4-O-${\beta}$-D-allopyranoside, trans-feruloyltyramine 4-O-${\beta}$-D-allopyranoside, and trans-feruloyl-(3-O-methyl)dopamine 4-O-${\beta}$-D-allopyranoside, based on a subsequent spectroscopic interpretation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 1995

Twelve phenolic components were isolated from the aqueous acetone extract of the leaf of Cornus controversa H. (Cornaceae). On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structures of these components were established as gallic acid, $1-O-galloyl-{\beta}-{_D}-glucose$, $1,6-di-O-galloyl-{\beta}-{_D}-glucose$, $1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-{\beta}-{_D}-glucose$, $1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-{\beta}-{_D}-glucose$, 3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl ${_D}-glucose$, eugeniin, gemine D, quercetin, quercitrin, hyperoside and rutin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.2060-2069
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• 2017

Newcastle disease is a serious infectious disease in the poultry industry. The commercial vaccines can only offer limited protection and some of them are expensive and need adjuvants. At present, DNA vaccines are widely used. However, the immune responses induced by DNA vaccines are too slow and low. Here, we constructed the transfer vectors with a different number of C3d as molecular adjuvants (n = 1, 2, 4, or 6), and the vectors were cloned into the optimal eukaryotic expression plasmid (pVAXI-optiF) that expressed the F gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and named pVAXI-F(o)-C3d1, pVAXI -F(o)-C3d2, pVAXI-F(o)-C3d4, and pVAXI-F(o)-C3d6, respectively. Cell transfection test indicated that pVAXI-F(o)-C3d6 showed the highest expression. In vivo immunization showed that the chickens immunized with pVAXI-F(o)-C3d6 intramuscularly induced better immune responses than the chickens immunized with the other plasmids. The protective efficacy of pVAXI-F(o)-C3d6 was 80% after challenge with the highly virulent NDV strain F48E9. The results in this study showed that C3d6 could be used as a molecular adjuvant to quickly induce an effective immune response to control NDV.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.10-12
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• 2005

Flavonol galactosides were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Artemisia apiacea by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated as $isorhamnetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactoside$ (1) and $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactoside$ (2) by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. This is the first report on the isolation of compound 2 from this plant.