• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

The article clarifies the conditions for information, digital and educational accessibility for higher education seekers with disabilities in terms of distance learning caused by quarantine restrictions. It is established that such conditions are regulated by international and Ukrainian legal documents (The Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Sustainable Development Goals, Law of Ukraine "On Education", Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine 2021-2031, Development Strategy areas of innovation for the period up to 2030, Development strategy of the sphere of innovation activity for the period up to 2030). As a part of information barrierlessness, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) should provide access to information in various formats and using technologies, in particular Braille script, large-type printing, audio description (audio descriptive commenting), sign language interpretation, subtitling, a format suitable for reading by screen access programs, formats of simple speech, easy-to-read formats, means of alternative communication. The experience of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University is described. In particular, special attention is paid to the study of sign language: in view of this, the initiative group implemented the project "Learning to hear and overcome social isolation together" with the financial support of the British Council in Ukraine. Within the framework of digital accessibility, the official website of the Faculty of Social and Psychological Education has been adapted for the visually impaired in accordance with WCAG 2.0 World Standards. In 2021, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University implemented the project "Cultural, Recreational and Tourist Cherkasy Region: Inclusive Social 3D Map" funded by the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation; a site with available content for online travel in the region to provide barrier-free access to the historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy region was created. Educational accessibility is achieved by increasing the number of people with special educational needs, receiving education in inclusive groups; activities of the Center for Social and Educational Integration and Inclusive Rehabilitation Social Tourism "Bez barieriv" ("Without barriers"); implementation of a research topic for financing the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: "Social and psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs by means of inclusive tourism"; implementation of the project "Social inclusion of distance educational process"; development of information campaigns to popularize the ideas of accessibility, the need for its implementation, ongoing training programs and competitions, etc.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.582-590
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• 2023

Objective : Trauma is a leading causes of death and disability in all ages. The aim of this study was to describe the demography and characteristics of paediatric head trauma in our institution and examine the predictors of outcome and incidence of injury related mortality. Methods : We examined our institutional Trauma Registry over a 2 year period. Results : A total of 1100 trauma patients were seen over the study period. Of the 579 patients who had head injury 99 were in the paediatric age group. Of the paediatric head trauma patients 79 had documented Glasgow coma score (GCS), 38 (48.1%), 17 (21.5%) and 24 (30.4%) had mild, moderate and severe head injury respectively. The percentage mortality of head injury in the paediatric age group was 6.06% (6/99). There is an association between mortality and GCS (p=0.008), necessity for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p=0.0001), associated burns (p=0.0001) and complications such as aspiration pneumonia (p=0.0001). The significant predictors of outcome are aspiration (p=0.004), the need for ICU admission (p=0.0001) and associated burns (p=0.005) using logistic binary regression. During the study period 46 children underwent surgical intervention with extradural haematoma 16 (34.8%), depressed skull fracture 14 (30.4%) and chronic subdural haematoma five (10.9%) being the commonest indication for surgeries. Conclusion : Paediatric head injury accounted for 9.0% (99/1100) of all trauma admissions. Majority of patients had mild or moderate injuries. Burns, aspiration pneumonitis and the need for ICU admission were important predictors of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.85-95
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• 2023

Objectives : This study was intended to reveal the chemical profiles of aerial(leaf, stem) and underground(rhizome, radix) parts of wild ginseng, and to investigate their anti-aging effects on human skin cells. Methods : Wild ginseng, estimated for over 20 years, was divided into the aerial and underground parts. Total phenolic contents of each extracts were measured using a Folin-ciocalteu method. The contents of 18 amino acids, 8 minerals and 27 ginsenosides were determined by GC-FID, ICP-MS and LC-MS, respectively. The anti-aging effects, including the radical scavenging activity, the activation of mitochondrial function on human fibroblasts, and the proliferation activity on human keratinocyte progenitor cells, for the whole plant and underground part of wild ginseng were evaluated. Results : The total phenolic acids, amino acids, and minerals in the aerial part were more than twice as high as in the underground part. Compared to the cultivated ginseng root, there were various types of ginsenosides in both parts of wild ginseng, and the total amount was more than twice as high. In particular, the aerial part significantly contained ginsenoside F1, F2, C-Mc1, and C-O, and the distinctive patterns that distinguish each parts of wild ginseng from the cultivated ginseng root were derived. The whole plant and underground part of wild ginseng exhibited significant antioxidant effect(14.3-45.6%), activation of mitochondrial membrane potential(105.5-120.1%), and cell proliferation(112.1-125.4%). Conclusions : The entire plant and underground part of wild ginseng are high value-added plants and have beneficial effects on skin anti-aging properties through its abundant metabolites.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2022

기후변화, 물 부족, 인구 증가와 도시화로 인한 물 수요 증가, 수질 악화, 노후화된 인프라와 같은 세계적인 물문제의 증가로 인해, 도시 물순환 시스템 관리는 더 큰 어려움을 겪고 있다. 취수, 도·송수, 정수처리, 배·급수, 용수 사용, 하수 집수, 하수 처리, 재이용 및 배출 과정을 포함하는 도시 물순환 시스템의 과정은 매우 에너지 집약적인 활동이며, 이와 같은 에너지 소비는 탄소 배출과 양의 직접적인 상관관계가 있다. 따라서 자원 관리 및 데이터 관리를 최적화하기 위해 넥서스 관점의 접근법이 도시 물순환 시스템에 점차적으로 도입되고 있는 추세이다. 도시 물순환 시스템 넥서스에서는 일반적으로 에너지 인텐시티로 표현되는 물을 위한 에너지를 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 에너지 인텐시티의 차이는 기후(연평균 강수량, 단기 기후 변동성, 기후패턴 등), 지리적 특징(표고차, 평지비, 위치 등), 시스템 특성(총급수량, 인구, 인구밀도, 관로 연장 등) 및 운영관리 효율(수압, 누수율, 에너지 효율 등)과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 그리고 도시 물순환 시스템에서 에너지 관리를 증진시킨 방안은 유지관리 효율 개선(물·에너지 관리전략, 물손실 관리, 수요 관리 및 수요 대응 등), 신기술 도입, 그리고 에너지 회수로 나누어진다. 본 연구에서는 기존 문헌의 자료를 분석하여 도시 물순환 시스템의 각 공정별 에너지 인텐시티를 분석하였으며, 시스템 다이나믹스를 적용하여 다양한 도시 여건(인구, lpcd, 누수율, 취수원, 에너지 인텐시티)에서 외부영향(기후변화, 도시화)과 운영효율 변동(운영효율 향상, 신시술 도입)에 따른 도시 물순환 시스템 내 자원 사용 및 이동을 분석하였다. 에너지 인텐시티는 전체 도시 물순환 시스템, 상수 시스템, 하수시스템에서 각각 2.334 kWh/m³, 1.029 kWh/m³, 1.024 kWh/m³를 나타내었으며, 용수사용, 담수화, 재이용 과정에서는 매우 높은 값이 나타났다. 에너지 인틴시티의 값은 외부 영향에 크게 좌우되는 것으로 분석되었으며, 운영효율의 변동에 따라서 물 및 에너지 사용량은 변화하였지만 에너지 인텐시티의 변동은 크지 않았다. 이에 따라 도시 물순환 시스템을 넥서스 관점에서 관리하기 위해서는 에너지 인텐시티 이외에 물 및 에너지 사용량, 유수수량 관점 에너지 인텐시티, 사용수량 관점 에너지 인텐시티를 종합적으로 고려하는 것이 필요하다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2022

Solid-state supercapacitors with high safety and robust mechanical properties are attracting global attention as next-generation energy storage devices. As an electrode of a supercapacitor, an economical carbon-based electrode is widely used. However, when an aqueous electrolyte is introduced, the charge transfer resistance increases because the interfacial contact between the hydrophobic electrode surface and aqueous electrolyte is not good. In this regard, we propose a method to obtain higher electrochemical performance based on improved interfacial properties by treating the electrode surface with oxygen plasma. The surface hydrophilization induced by the enriched oxygen functionalities was confirmed by the contact angle measurement. As a result, the degree of hydrophilization was easily adjusted by controlling the power and duration of the oxygen plasma treatment. As the electrolyte of the supercapacitor, PVA/H₃PO₄, which is a typical solid-state aqueous electrolyte, was used. Free-standing membranes of PVA/H₃PO₄ electrolyte were prepared and then pressed onto the electrode. The optimal condition was to perform oxygen plasma treatment for 5 seconds with a low power of 15 W, and the energy density of the supercapacitor increased by about 8%.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.845-852
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• 2018

Mayer-Schönberger and Cukier(2013) explain why big data is important for our life, while showing many cases in which analysis of big data has great significance for our life and raising intriguing issues on the analysis of big data. The two authors claim that correlation is in many ways practically far more efficient and versatile in the analysis of big data than causality. Moreover, they claim that causality could be abandoned since analysis and prediction founded on correlation must prevail. I critically examine the two authors' accounts of causality and correlation. First, I criticize that corelation is sufficient for our analysis of data and our prediction founded on the analysis. I point out their misunderstanding of the distinction between correlation and causality. I show that spurious correlation misleads our decision while analyzing Simpson paradox. Second, I criticize not only that causality is more inefficient in the analysis of big data than correlation, but also that there is no mathematical theory for causality. I introduce the mathematical theories of causality founded on structural equation theory, and show that causality has great significance for the analysis of big data.

• Information Display
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.12-21
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• 2022

반도체 기반 양자점 (QD)소재와 CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I)기반 perovskite 양자점 또는 나노결정 소재(PNC)는 매우 우수한 양자효율과 좁은 발광 선폭으로 고색재현성 디스플레이 색변환 소재 또는 발광 소재로서 각광을 받고 있다. 그러나, 기존 화학적 합성법을 통해 제조되는 QD 및 PNC 소재는 취약한 열 및 화학적 안정성으로 인해 장기 내구성의 개선이 요구된다. 이들 QD 및 PNC 소재는 모두 완전 무기 소재인 산화물 기반 유리 소재내에 생성이 가능하며, 이를 통해 장기 내구성을 근본적으로 개선할 수 있다. 반도체 기반 QD 함유 유리소재 (QDEG)의 경우, 유리 내 core/shell 구조를 가진 QD의 생성으로 양자효율의 향상이 가능했으나, 콜로이드 기반 양자점 (cQD)과 달리 다중 shell의 형성이 어려워 양자효율이 제한되고, 발광 선폭이 넓어 고색재현성 디스플레이용 색변환 소재로 적용되기에는 아직 한계가 있다. 한편, Perovskite 양자점 (또는 나노결정) 함유 유리소재 (PNEG) 소재는 QDEG과 달리 콜로이드 기반의 PNC (c-PNC)가 가지는 우수한 양자효율과 20 nm 수준의 좁은 선폭을 유리 내에서도 가지며, c-PNC 대비 열적, 화학적 및 광학적 안정성이 획기적으로 향상되어 실질적인 응용 가능성을 높이고 있다. 특히, 일반적인 용융-급랭법으로 제조하여 대량생산에 용이하고, 분말 또는 판상 등 다양한 형태로의 제작이 가능한 장점이 있다. 현재까지 제조된 PNEG의 최대 PL-QY는 450 nm 여기 시 녹색 및 적색에서 약 60% 수준이며, Al₂O₃ 분말을 이용할 경우 최대 80% 수준까지 달성이 가능하다. 또한, PNEG과 blue LED를 이용하여 백색 LED를 구현할 경우 color filter를 적용하지 않을 때, NTSC 대비 최대 약 130 % 수준의 높은 색재현 영역을 보여 주고 있으며, 실제 LCD용 BLU로 적용 시 기존 상용 c-QD 소재와 동등 이상의 색재현 영역을 보이고 있어, 실질적인 응용 가능성이 매우 높음을 확인하였다. PNEG의 상업적인 응용을 위해서는 몇 가지 추가적인 연구 개발이 필요하다. 기존 c-QD 또는 c-PNC는 나노 수준 크기의 입자가 액상에 분산된 형태로 입도 제어가 용이하나, PNEG의 경우 분말 제조 시 유리 형성 후 분쇄를 통해 제조되며, 입도가 대개 수십 ㎛ 이하로 작아질 경우 PL-QY가 저하되어, 향후 잉크젯 공정 응용을 위해서는 고효율의 분말 제조공정 개발이 필요하다. 또한, 유리 소재의 경우 절연체로서 기존 QD 소재 대비 electro-luminescence(EL) 소자의 활성층으로 사용하는데 제약이 있어 PNEG을 이용한 EL 소자 제작에 대한 연구도 필요하다. 마지막으로, 기존 c-PNC 소재와 같이 Pb가 함유되지 않은 PNEG 소재의 개발이 선결되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 해결 과제들에도 불구하고, PNEG 소재는 기존 c-QD 소재 대비 매우 우수한 안정성을 기반으로 고품위 고색재현 디스플레이용 색변환 소재로서 다양한 응용에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.682-697
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH2O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected. Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. RESULTS: The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5D
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• pp.839-848
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• 2006

Korea has become the 5th country to own and operate the high speed railroad in 2004. However, there were many difficulties until Koreans enjoy the first bullet train service with the average hourly speed of 300km. The high speed railroad requires elevated quality standards differently from the traditional railways. In addition to the technical difficulties, the construction project itself was an unpleasant case with huge delays and cost overruns mainly due to the lack of experiences, deficiency of owner$^{\circ}{\O}$s role, and increase of public resistances triggered by environmental concerns. This paper analyzes the reasons for delays on this mega-project. With respect to the characteristics of the whole project level, it is very complicated/linear project, whose total length is around 412 km with the composition of various sections in the route of the railway which have basically different conditions. For that reason, the analysis is performed in both macro and micro level. First, macroscopic analysis is performed to find critical subdivisions in the railway route that induces the significant delay in the opening due date. Then, microscopic analysis is followed to quantify the causes and effects of delays focused on these critical subdivisions in more detailed way. Finally, this paper provides lessons learned from this project to avoid the decisive delays in performing the similar large-scaled projects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1023-1029
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• 2023

Biosurfactants reduce surface and interfacial tension due to their amphiphilic properties and are an eco-friendly alternative for chemical surfactants. In this study, a new yeast strain JAF-11 that produces a biosurfactant was selected using drop collapse method, and the properties of the extracts were investigated. The nucleotide sequences of the strain were compared with closely related strains and identified based on the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Neodothiora populina CPC 39399^T, the closest species with strain JAF-11, showed a sequence similarity of 97.75% for LSU and 94.27% for ITS, respectively. The result suggests that the strain JAF-11 represents a distinct species that cannot be assigned to any existing genus or species in the family Dothideaceae. Strain JAF-11 produced a biosurfactant reducing the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 34.5 mN/m on the sixth day of culture and the result of measuring the critical micelle concentration (CMC) by extracting the crude biosurfactant was found to be 24 mg/l. The molecular weight 502 of the purified biosurfactant was confirmed by measuring the fast atom bombardment mass spectrum. The chemical structure was analyzed by measuring ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C NMR, and two-dimensional NMRs of the compound. The molecular formula was C₂₆H₄₆O₉, and it was composed of one octanoyl group and two hexanoyl groups to myo-inositol moiety. The new biosurfactant is the first report of a compound produced by a new yeast strain, JAF-11.