• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2071-2078
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• 2018

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight, which results in severe economic damage to rice farms. Xoo produces biofilms for pathogenesis and survival both inside and outside the host. Biofilms, which are important virulence factors, play a key role in causing the symptoms of Xoo infection. In the present study, we investigated the nutritional conditions for biofilm formation by Xoo. Although Xoo biofilm formation may be initiated by interactions with the host, Xoo biofilm cannot mature without the support of favorable nutritional conditions. Nitrogen sources inhibited Xoo biofilm formation by overwhelming the positive effect that cell growth has on it. However, limited nutrients with low amino acid concentration supported biofilm formation by Xoo in the xylem sap rather than in the phloem sap of rice.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.317-342
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current state of foodservice and clinical nutrition management in a hospital-based nutrition department. Nutritional guidelines and survey reports of hospital evaluation programs from 2004 to 2009 were analyzed. In total, 275 hospitals in the first period and 288 hospitals in the second period were evaluated. The division of knife and chopping board use decreased from 97.2% in 2005 to 89.7% in 2008, the maintenance of a proper freezer temperature (below $-18^{\circ}C$) increased from 82.1% in 2004 to 97.7% in 2007 (88.9% to 97.4% from large hospitals and 69.8% to 86.5% from small/medium hospitals in 2005 and 2008, respectively). In tube-feeding management, the performance rate of material cold storage and the offer rate of tube-feeding were 65.9% and 94.2% in 2007, respectively. The cold storage of material, proper use within 24 hours after opening or production, and the use of an appropriate label were 47.3%, 71.2% and 67.2% in 2009, respectively. The rate of a management system for undernourished patients was 86.0% in 2007 (56.4% for large hospitals, 18.9% for small/medium hospitals) and 14.3% in 2009. In standards of nutrition support management, the performance rates of constructing a nutrition support team, the nutrition support team activity, and organizing multidisciplinary team were 66.7%, 43.6%, and 64.1% respectively, in 2004. For large hospitals, those rates were 61.1%, 36.1%, and 58.3%, in 2005, 93.0%, 62.8%, and 91.9% in 2007, and 69.2%, 43.6%, and 69.2% in 2008, respectively. The results of this study suggest standards on sanitary foodservice preparation, production, and tube-feeding production need to correspond with HACCP regulations for small/meidium hospitals in standards of a healthcare accreditation system. It will be necessary to understand the operating conditions of nutrition departments in convalescent hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, and geriatrics hospitals. As the application of accreditation is required from 2013, standards will need to be improved and continuously updated for healthcare accreditation.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of malnutrition and to explore its association with socioeconomic and social support factors among Korean elderly in the community. Methods : The study sample was a weighted population of 10,160 elderly who participated in the 2014 Korean Elderly Living Conditions and Welfare Survey. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association socioeconomic and social support factors have with malnutrition. Results : Of the Korean elderly 18.6% were at risk of malnutrition. Being uneducated (OR=1.40) and having a lower household income (OR=1.97) were significantly associated with malnutrition even after adjusting for other socio-demographic and health-related covariates. Elderly who lived alone (OR=1.86) and who had poor relationships with their children (OR=1.97) were at much higher risk of malnutrition than their counterparts. Their having poor relationships with acquaintances and poor social participation were also associated with malnutrition. Conclusions : Socioeconomic and social support resources are important factors in the nutritional status of the elderly.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Compared to that in the Caucasian population, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) incidence rates are very low in Koreans. Therefore, compared to the recent development of pharmacological therapy applicable to Korean children with T1DM, interest in nonpharmacological therapy and psychosocial support systems remains low, as is the development of Korean-style T1DM education programs for therapeutic application. Children who have been newly diagnosed with diabetes are placed in completely new environments for treatment. For appropriate control of diabetes, patients have to self-monitor blood glucose levels and inject insulin several times a day and must use extreme self-control when they eat foods to avoid increases in blood glucose levels. Blood glucose excursions resulting from impaired pancreatic ${\beta}$ cell functions cause mental stress due to vague fears of chronic complications of diabetes. In addition, children with diabetes cannot be excluded from the substantial amount of studies required of Korean adolescents, and the absolute shortage of time for ideal control of diabetes adds to their mental stress. Many of these patients are psychologically isolated in school where they spend most of their time, and they are not appropriately considered or supported with respect to blood glucose control in many cases. In this respect, this author will introduce some of the newest views on nonpharmacological therapy and psychosocial support systems that account for important parts of T1DM management and seek measures to apply them in conformity with the social characteristics of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.183-198
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of clinical nutrition services provided at tertiary hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. In total, 157 questionnaires were distributed to the departments of nutrition at hospitals on September 2013. The results of this study are as follows. The median number of beds was 607 and average length of stay was 8 days. 63.1% of dietitians had over 5 years of career experience. Nutritional screening rate was 97% in tertiary hospitals but only 67.2% in general hospitals (P<0.001). The rate of equipment with computerized nutritional screening system was 100% in tertiary hospitals but 71.9% in general hospitals (P<0.001). Hospitals with the best regarding nutritional care were hospitals accredited by JCI (Joint Commission International). On the other hand, hospitals not accredited by the JCI but KOIHA (Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation) showed the lowest performance rate of nutritional care. Nutrition support teams (NSTs) were established in all tertiary hospitals but in only 73% of general hospitals (P<0.001). The rate of actively operating NSTs was 89% in tertiary hospitals but only 62% in general hospitals (P<0.001). There is a need to provide proper standardized clinical nutrition services as a primary treatment and we observed large variations in the quality of nutritional service between hospitals. Therefore, local solutions are needed to implement nutritional programs and policies for improved service and care.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1472-1484
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• 2019

This study aimed to verify the effects of nutritional status, K-ADL, K-IADL, and social network on the life satisfaction of the elderly in home. Total 213 research subjects participated in this study, and their average age was 71.38±5.59. As the methods of analysis, using the SPSS 21.0, this study examined the differences between variables in accordance with the general characteristics, and then verified the correlations between independent variables of nutritional status, K-ADL, K-IADL, social network(family networks, friends networks), and life satisfaction. In order to verify the factors having effects on the life satisfaction of the elderly in home, the stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted. In the results of this study, in the general characteristics, the life satisfaction showed statistically significant differences in accordance with education(F=5.280, p=.002), economic condition(F=22.407, p<.001), monthly income(F=3.181, p=.015), and subjective health status(F=14.933, p<.001). In the results of verifying the correlation between independent variables, the life satisfaction showed positive correlations with family networks(r=268, p<.001) and friends networks(r=.286, p<.001) while the nutritional status(r=-.222, p=.001), K-IADL(r=-.235, p=.001), and interdependent social support(r=-.283, p<.001) showed negative correlations. The predictive factors on the life satisfaction of the elderly in home included the economic condition(β=.358, p<.001), subjective health status(β=.245, p<.001), interdependent social support(β=-.158, p=.009), and K-IADL(β=-.153, p=.012), and the explanatory power was 30.1%. The regression model was statistically significant(F=23.778, p<.001). Based on such results of this study, it would be necessary to develop programs that could maintain and improve the health of the elderly, and also provide financial support to the elderly suffering from economic hardship, in order to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly in home. Moreover, there should be the concrete measures for vitalizing the community-connected activities for interdependent social support.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.312-325
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary behaviors and nutritional knowledge among immigrant women in multicultural families. In addition, this study reveals a necessity for nutrition education, which is apparent to both immigrant women living in multicultural families as well as nutrition education experts. The survey was conducted with 30 immigrant women within multicultural families in Seoul. The dietary behaviors of the women were significantly different by their period of residence. The longer they had resided in Korea, the higher their dietary behavior score. However, there was no significant difference in nutrition knowledge by their period of residence. This study also conducted in-depth personal interviews with 8 immigrant women who lived in Seoul, and with 4 nutrition education experts. These interviews were performed to provide profound insights regarding the content and means of nutrition education for immigrant women. Nutrition education for immigrant women living in multicultural families should proceed at a basic level in terms of language and content, using bilingual (Korean and their native language) education materials. Education topics and content need to be developed differently according to the level of Korean comprehension and period of residence in Korea. Also, this multicultural approach should be adapted when planning nutrition education since immigrant women have various acculturation levels, and the content and means of education should be adjusted to these acculturation levels. Management after nutrition education is necessary for immigrant women who do not have sufficient understanding of the Korean language. Practical educational methods such as real cooking practices and food purchasing simulations must be developed. Finally, the results suggest that the government needs to establish a systematic plan for nutrition education among immigrant women living in multicultural families. Policy support such as training nutrition educators on multicultural individuals residing in Korea is necessary for active and effective nutritional education.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.741-748
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and dietary habits of women divers in Tongyoung area and to support the guideline for the improvement of their dietary life style by a validation of a Computerized Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionaire. Compared to the women at Jeju Island, the Tongyoung divers showed similar heights (154.6 $\pm$ 0.8 cm), weights (53.5 $\pm$ 1.0 kg) and BMIs (23.3 $\pm$0.4) , but they showed especially high levels of body fat (33.8 $\pm$ 0.8) . Their dietary habits showed they usually skipped lunch, but ate too much food at once, which may represent the dietary habits shown by obese people. Over 40% of the divers were taking some nutritious food or complementary food for health, without realizing the efficacy of these foods. The analysis of nutritional intake showed that all of average daily nutrients intakes of those below 50 years were higher than those of the Korean RDA. In the case of those above 50 years, it was shown that the average daily nutrients intakes were also higher than those of the Korean RDA except for energy (94.5%) and calcium (82.1%) . However, some individual divers showed lower nutrients intakes than 75% of RDA for calcium, iron, Vitamin A and Vitamin B$_2$. Also, excessive intakes of phosphorous and sodium could be a dietary problem. There was no correlation between BMI or percentage of body fat and energy, CHO, protein or fat. These results can provide the nutritional information for this special community, women divers, to improve their health.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.311-324
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• 2011

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of low income elderly women aged ${\geq}$65 years residing in Gyeongnam Masan (n=124). Nutrition intakes, food intake frequency, and health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise were investigated. Nutrition intake was calculated by the 24-hour recall method using CAN-pro (ver. 3.0). Average daily intakes of energy were $1,142.3{\pm}39$ kcal (71.4% of EER) in subjects aged 65~74 years and $1,071.0{\pm}41.7$ kcal (66.9% of EER) in subjects aged ${\geq}$75 years and the subjects consumed energy less than both 75% of estimated energy requirement (EER). The proportions of energy derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 15.4:15.5:70.6 (aged 65~74 years), and 15.3:13.4:70.8 (aged ${\geq}$75). Nutrients consumed at less than estimated average requirements (EARs) were Ca (60.4%), P (98.4%), Zn (91%), vitamin E (48% of adequate intake, AI), vitamin $B_1$ (63.3%), vitamin $B_2$ (54%), niacin (87.7%), vitamin C (62.5%), and folate (50.5%). Especially, the intakes of Ca (58%), vitamin E (41% of AI), vitamin $B_1$ (60%), vitamin $B_2$ (50%), folate (46.5%), and vitamin C (54%) were 75% less than the EAR for people aged ${\geq}$75 years. According to the food intake frequency survey, the intakes of calcium, milk, fruits, and vegetables were very poor. In conclusion, this study suggests that a nutritional support program for elderly women of low socioeconomic class must be provided by the government to improve the quality of remaining life.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2007

Infections in oral and maxillofacial region are relativley common and self-limiting, but in some cases, infections spread to adjacent hard and soft tissue and to cause any complication, even threaten life. So we made retrospective study of patients with interfascial infection who had been hospitalized and been treated by surgical treatment in Dankook university about 10 years. We reviewed the charts of patient with interfascial infection from 1995 to 2005. The result were as follows: 1. In gender & age distribution, male(54.2%) & fouth decade were most frequently. 2. The most common cause of infection was dental caries(55.2%) and the most of involving teeth was lower posterior teeth(44.1%). 3. Submandibular space is most frequently involving space and most infection involved mainly one space. 4. The patients with systemic disease were 38.2%. Diabetic mellitus was 87.2% of systemic diease. The admission period was 19.5 days in systemic disease. 5. The most microorganism in culture was Streptococcus Viridans(36.2%) in all patient. Klebsiella Pneumoniae was found most in Diabetic Mellitus. 6. The patient were mainly treated I&D on admission day. Of them 5(1.1%) patients were received tracheostomy. 7. Serum albumin, CRP and body weight are associated with Nutritional Risk Index(NRI). High risk patient group according to NRI classification showed higher rate of complications & mortality. 8. The patients with complication were 28(6.7%) persons. 4(0.9%) patients were expired. Nutritional Risk Index was helpful to predict the prognosis. When interfascial infection starts to spread, we must pay attention to airway management. Fluid therapy with nutritional may support to healing of wound.