• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.617-623
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• 2006

The mortality and morbidity rate of hemodialysis patients (HD) remain high. Among many factors, protein and calorie malnutrition has been shown to be a major risk factor for increased mortality in the HD patients population. Malnutrition can be caused by insufficient amino acid intake, nutrient losses in dialysate, oxidant stress and muscle catabolism. In this study, we evaluated the association of markers of nutritional status and essential amino acids intake in HD patients. We investigated nutritional status of 41 HD patients (mean age: $64.2\;{\pm}\;11.5\;y$, men: 24, women: 27) by measuring anthropometric, biochemical parameters and food intakes by using 24 hr recall methods. Subject's total energy intake and total protein intake were $1,648.0\;{\pm}\;397.31\;kcal/day,\;79.2\;{\pm}\;27.2\;g/day$:, respectively. The animal protein intake was $42.7\;{\pm}\;22.1\;g/day$, essential amino acids intake was $23.4\;{\pm}\;9.92\;g/day$, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total protein intake was $29.6\;{\pm}\;5.42%$. There were significantly positive correlation between muscle mass and lean body mass with serum creatinine level (r=0.435, p<0.01; r=0.435, p<0,01). There were also significant positive correlation in muscle mass and lean body mass with pre hemodialysis blood urea nitrogen (preHD BUN) (r=0.329, p<0.05; r=0.329, p<0.05). There were no significant correlation in total energy intake and total protein intake per kg ideal body weight (IBW) to muscle mass and lean body mass. However, there were significantly positive correlation between the ratio of essential amino acids and muscle mass and lean body mass (r=0.368, p<0.05; r=0.405, p<0.01). And serum hematocrit concentration was positively correlated with the ratio of essential amino acids (r=0.032, p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that strong associations exist in essential amino acid intakes with malnutrition than total protein intakes in HD patient. In conclusion, specialized nutrition education should be necessary to efficiently improve the quality of protein intakes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

This study investigated the taste and nutritional properties of domestic mottled skate Beringraja pulchra as affected by the area caught, sex, and weight. Regardless of these three parameters, free amino acids comprised the main factor affecting taste in all B. pulchras. Taste values for B. pulchra ranged from 2.24 to 3.61, which were much lower than values for other fish. The total amino acid content in B. pulchra ranged from 18.82 to 21.34 g/100 g, similar to values in other fish. The major amino acids affecting both the taste value and total amino acid in B. pulchra were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lysine. Mineral content in B. pulchra was as follows: calcium, 252.7-288.3 mg/100 g; phosphorus, 248.2-269.3 mg/100 g; potassium, 345.9-389.5 mg/100 g; magnesium, 24.1-26.7 mg/100 g; and iron, 0.4-0.7 mg/100 g. Based on the results of free amino acid and taste value (used as an indicator to evaluate taste), and total amino acid and minerals (used as an indicator to evaluate nutritional value), the taste and nutritional properties of B. pulchra were not influenced by the area caught or weight, but were affected by the sex of the fish.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

In order to investigate the effects of supplementary nutrients on silkworms, Bombyx mori, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid treatments. Dietary supplements of ascorbic acid 1, 2 and 3% were fed to silkworm larvae through 1st to 5th instar, The larvae were fed by mulberry loaves of Kokoso variety and the supplementary loaves were used once a day. These treatments resulted in a significant increase of biological parameters such as larval weight, the rate of food consumption and the approximate digestibility of the food. But the economical parameters such as cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight didnt show considerable difference compared to control. Dietary supplement of 2% ascorbic acid increased the larval weight by 7.8% and reached to 1.065g, which had the highest weight increase in the fourth day of 4th instar larvae. The percentage of daily weight increase in this group of larvae (79.01%) had significant difference compared with other treatments. The nutritional efficiency index in this group of larvae was better than others. Also the abundance of biochemical macromolecules such as glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol and urea in haemolymph of larvae fed by 2% ascorbic acid increased to become 29.75 (mg/㎗), 24 (mg/㎗), 75.4(mg/㎗) and 32.1(mg/㎗) respectively. But protein contents of haemolymph of larvae in each treatment were not significantly different. Since all the results achieved were not considerable either statistically or economically, this method could not be recommended to improve the sericultural parameters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.557-564
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• 2009

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of various levels of full-fat sunflower seeds (FFSS) on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. In the first experiment, FFSS was included in a basal diet at 70, 140, and 210 g/kg and the $AME_n$ values of the experimental diets were determined. The linear regression equation of $AME_n$ values on rate of inclusion was calculated. Extrapolation value for the $AME_n$ of FFSS at 100% inclusion was 14.22 MJ/kg. In the second experiment, diets containing various levels (0, 70, 140, and 210 g/kg) of FFSS were given to broilers (Ross strain) from 0 to 49 d. At 28 days of age, blood parameters and digestive enzyme activities were determined and carcass parameters were evaluated at 49 days of age. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) when broilers were fed various levels of FFSS in the starter and finisher diets. Breast, thigh, gastrointestinal tract and gizzard weight percentages were not affected by dietary treatments; however, liver weight percentage was decreased significantly (p<0.05) and weight of abdominal fat decreased but this effect was not significant. The activities of digestive enzyme (protease and ${\alpha}$-amylase) were not influenced by the treatments. Activity of alkaline phosphatase, concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, triglyceride, protein, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were not affected by incorporation of FFSS in the broiler diet. Although concentration of HDL increased and LDL decreased, these effects were not significant. The results of this study indicate that FFSS can be used at up to 21% in broiler diets without adverse effects on performance or other parameters of chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1573-1578
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• 2020

Objective: Milk fatty acid (FA) is a main nutritional component that markedly effects human health. Intentional modification of the FA profile has the potential to improve milk quality. This study aimed at the factors affecting elevated FA levels and the estimation of the genetic parameters for milk FAs in the Korean Holstein population. Methods: Total 885,249 repeated test-day milk records including, milk yield, saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), total unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA), fat and protein percentages were analyzed using CombiFoss FT+ system (Foss Analytical A/S, Denmark). Genetic parameters were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood procedure based on the repeatability model using the Wombat program. Results: The FA profile varies along with the lactation and the energy balance (EB). With the negative EB in early lactation, mobilization of body fat reserves elevates the desirable FA levels. As a result of that, milk quality is increased by means of nutritionally and usability aspects during the early lactation. Moreover, heritability estimates for SFA, MUFA, PUFA, TUFA were 0.33, 0.42, 0.37, 0.41 respectively. According to the parity wise heritability analysis, first parity cows had relatively lower heritability for SFAs (0.19) than later parities (0.28). Conclusion: Genetic parameters indicated that FAs were under stronger genetic control. Therefore, we suggest implementing animal breeding programs towards improving the milk FA profile.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2006

We studied the effects of intake of the steamed bean powder(SB) and chungkukjang powder(CK) on blood parameters such as glucose, albumin, GOT, GPT, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total-/HDL-/LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, and blood antioxidant nutrients such as retinol, tocopherols and carotenes in 26 college women. There were 2 groups, one group had 13 participants who consumed 30g SP and second group (13 participants) consumed 30g CK daily for 4 weeks. The study compared before with after SP/CK intake. The average age of the participants was 22.1 years, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of all parameters before the study. The energy intake showed no significant differences between before and after SP/CK intake. C(carbohydrate) propotion was reduced, and P(protein) and F(fat) ratio were increased after 4 week intake of SP/CK. Indices of nutritional quality(INQ) of protein(p<0.01), iron(p<0.05), zinc(p<0.05), vitamin C(p<0.05) were significantly increased after SP intake, and those of protein(p<0.05) and zinc also increased after CK intake. There were no significant differences in TG, total-/HDL-/LDL-cholesterol before and after SP/CK intake. The CK intake group showed the reduction only in retinol level in blood(p<0.05). Some students reported the improvement of the constipation and the regularity of the bowel elemination, and some students experienced the prolongation effects on one's monthly days after SP/CK intake. In this study, we could see the effect of improvement in some nutrients intake, but no effect in blood parameters by SP/CK intake for 4 weeks. That reason might be that the participants were healthy young women, or the trail period was not enough long to change.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2008

This study was performed to identify association between nutritional status and health risks of the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study involving low income elderly women in Gwangju, Korea (${\geq}$65y, n = 92). Socio-demographics, life style characteristics, health conditions, dietary intakes based on 24h-recall method, anthropometric measures, and clinical biochemistry parameters were examined. Anthropometric and clinical parameters included wt, ht, waist, hip, body protein, body fat, abdominal fat, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose, ferritin, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, CRP, TAS, TBARS, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The subjects were divided into three groups based on age (65-74y, 75-84y, 85y${\leq}$) and were divided into two groups according to the sum of the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist score (adequate nutritional status, NSI score ${\leq}$3; at risk of malnutrition, NSI score >3). Mean and frequency of variables were estimated. Analysis of Variance, Tukey test, Chi-square test, and Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Mean BMI and body fat were 25.1 $kg/m^2$ and 40.0%, respectively. However, for over 80% of subjects, the intakes of energy, fiber, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, Ca, K, and Zn were less than the Korean DRI (EAR or AI). The subjects who had lower NSI score tended to have better health status, eat meals frequently, have less depression, and exercise regularly. The subjects who had higher NSI score tended to have tooth problems, to eat alone most of time, and to be physically unable to cook or feed. Serum IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly related with nutritional status which suggested higher tendency of inflammatory response. Serum IL-2, TAS, and glucose were significantly correlated with body fat (%) or abdominal fat (%). These results suggest that improving the nutritional status, increasing regular exercise, maintaining normal weight are beneficial to health care of low income elderly women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1144-1150
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• 1999

A nutrition survey regarding daily kimchi consumption and its hypolipidemic effect were carried out with 102 of healthy Korean adult men aged between 40 to 64 years old who visited hospital for physical examination. The physical and biochemical parameters of blood were examined as well as food record, preferences for taste, personal life habit, and family history of disease. Data were expressed as quartile according to kimchi consumption. The average daily kimchi consumption for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th per centile group were 68, 118, 208, and 383g, respectively. The intakes of dietary fiber and Ca were found to be increased as kimchi intake increased(p<0.05). The kimchi consumption level was selected as the determining factor for HDL C level analyzed by stepwise multiple regression(p=0.09). When correlation coefficient between kimchi consumption and other parameters were analyzed, kimchi consumption was positively correlated with HDL C and negatively correlated with LDL C(p<0.05). The preference for hot taste was negatively correlated with systolic blood presure. It seems that kimchi consumption is beneficial to elevate HDL C and lower LDL C level.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of dietary phyate reduction on the apparent absorption and biochemical parameters of iron status in young Korean women. Fourteen healthy, young women consumed low and high phytate diets for ten days of each experimental period. Duplicate diet samples, a fasting blood sample on day 9, and complete fecal samples for five consecutive days starting from day 5 of each diet period were collected. The iron content of diet and fecal samples were analyzed to calculate apparent absorption. Serum samples were analyzed for iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor and TIBC; transferrin saturation was also calculated. The apparent absorption of iron tended to increase in the low phytate period (32.51%) compared to the high phytate period (17.91%), but the difference was not significant (p=0.06). Serum ferritin decreased and serum transferrin receptor increased significantly during the low phytate diet although the mean values were within the normal range. Serum iron and transferrin saturation did not change significantly. In conclusion, the results indicated that reducing dietary phytate for ten days negatively affected iron nutritional parameters, but it moderately and positively affected apparent iron absorption in young Korean women. Further research on the long-term effects of a low phytate diet with an adequate iron content for vows Korean women is necessary.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

Brown rice with a giant embryo (GE) was observed on the quality parameters of the enlargement of embryo, nutritional components, and physical properties, in comparison to normal embryo brown rice (NE). Also, the effects of germination on the quality parameters were examined. GE embryo was approximately 2.68 times larger than of NE rice. Total free sugars were significantly higher in GE rice (71.96 vs. 41.17 mg/100 g), and germinated rice increased in fructose, but decreased in sucrose and maltose. No significant difference in mineral contents was found in GE and NE rice and their germinated rice, whereas a significant increment was observed on reducing sugars and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) contents in GE rice. The lower water absorption index (WAI) of GE rice resulted in relatively lower pasting viscosity, whereas the increased WSI in germinated rice might be attributable to the significant increment of soluble components in GE rice.