• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3997-4002
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• 2015

Background: Systemic inflammatory response was shown to play an important role in development and progression of many cancer types and different inflammation-based indices were used for determining prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic effects of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: NSCLC patients diagnosed in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were recorded. NLR and PNI was calculated before the application of any treatment. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to NLR (<3.24 or ${\geq}3.24$) and PNI (<49.5 or ${\geq}49.5$). While median overall survival was 37.0 (95% CI 17.5-56.5) months in the group with low NLR, it was calculated as 10.0 (95%CI 5.0-15.0) months in the group with high NLR (p<0.0001). While median overall survival was 7.0 (95%CI 3.5-10.5) months in the group with low PNI, it was calculated as 33.0 (95% CI 15.5-50.4) months in the group with high PNI (p<0.0001). Stage, NLR and PNI levels were evaluated as independent risk factors for overall survival for all patients in multivariate analysis (p<0.0001, p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: NLR (${\geq}3.24$) and PNI (<49.5) at diagnosis is an independent marker of poor outcome in patients with NSCLC. NLR and PNI is an easily measured, reproducible prognostic tests that could be considered in NSCLC patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2009

이 연구는 경기도 안성지역에서 우량 및 불량 인삼재배지를 대상으로 토양 및 잎을 분석하여 인삼의 생육에 적합한 양분함량의 수준을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 인삼생육과 밀접한 관계를 보이는 물리적 성질은 공극률이었으며, 우량포지에서 50%이상의 값을 보였다. 토양의 화학적 성질의 적정범위는 전질소 2.0-2.8 g/kg, 유효인산 500-900 mg/kg, 치환성 Ca 2.3-3.5 cmol$^+$/kg 이었다. 또한, 치환성 염기 성분비 (Exch. Ca:Mg:K)도 인삼생육에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데 그 값은 우량포지에서 6:2:1, 불량포지에서 4:2:1로 나타났다. 잎의 무기양분함량 적정범위는 P 0.25% 이상, Mg 0.22%이하였으며 그 외의 원소에 있어서는 뚜렷한 값을 나타내지 않았다. 우량포지에서 엽 중 N/P, N/Mg, K/Mg, Ca/P의 함량비는 각각 10 이상, 10-13, 14 이하, 1 이상의 값을 나타내었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1179-1191
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• 1999

This study was conducted to identify appetite and nutritional status of 48 cancer patients who have been irradiated over 150$\textrm{cm}^2$ on chest or pelvic area over the three-month period. The data were gathered 3 phases, Each from initiation to completion of radiotherapy through the questionnaires of anorexia, the anthropometric and biochemical measures were used such as weight, TSF, MAC, MAMC, serum albumin and hemoglobin, TLC. Using SAS program, data were analyzed by percentage, Mean$\pm$SD, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Eighty five percent(85%) of the subjects were aged from fifties to sixties. Cancers in the chest area occurred in 100% of men, 56% of the all subjects. The other 44% were pelvic cancer and 71% of the pelvic cancer occurred in women. 2. There were no significant differences in the appetite scores by all groups(characteristics). Changes of the appetite score over time were statistically significant by age, sex, cancer areas staging, treatment modality, and radiation dosage (F=4.0, p=.022; t=6.09, p=.003; t=4.90, p=.009; F=3.28, p=.042; t=5.04, p=.0084; t=4.76, p=.011). The appetite score on the 2nd phase (4 weeks after initiating radiotherapy) decreased from the 1st phase (initiating irradiation), and then increased on the 3rd phase (completing irradiation). 3. There were no significant differences in the body weight and MAMC by all characteristics, and no changes in the body weight and MAMC over time. However there were significant differences of TSF, MAC, level of hemoglobin, level of albumin, and TLC by all characteristics during the three phases. TSF of the men and the chest cancer were lower than those of the women and the pelvic cancer (t=73.20, p=.0001; t=22.91, p=.0001). And there was significant difference by cancer staging(F=3.19, p=.050). But there was no change in TSF over time. MAC of the men and the chest cancer were lower than those of the women and the pelvic cancer each(t=9.23, p=.004; t=17.85, p=.0001). But no change in MAC over time. Levels of hemoglobin had significant differences by age, sex and cancer areas; levels of hemoglobin of older than the fifties, men, and chest area were higher than those on the others(F=3.82, p=.029; t=21.75, p=.0001; t=8.71, p=.005). Levels of albumin were significant differences by sex and cancer areas; levels of albumin on women, and pelvic area were higher than those on the others(t=6.34, p=.015; t=15.23, p=.0003). While the levels of hemoglobin were changed over time, levels of albumin were not changed and within normal limit. TLC of the men was higher than women(t=5.05, p=.029). Changes in the level of hemoglobin over time were statistically significant according to sex, cancer areas, and radiation dosage(t=3.49, p=.035; t=3.36, p=.039; t=4.04, p=.021).

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2000

This study was conducted for 39 patients who are recipients of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation at BMT ward of St. Mary's hospital affiliated to Catholic University of Korea from April to September 1999. The subjects were devided into two groups; those who received both TEl and chemo therapy as conditioning regimen (TEl group). and those who used chemo agents as singular conditioning regimen (chemo group). The oral intake status of the two groups were compared through physical assessment and blood chemistry exam of the subjects, and factors influencing their nutritional change and oral intake were explored in each stage of the transplantation (six stages: admission, conditional stage, date of transplantation, one week after transplantation, two weeks after transplantation, and three weeks after transplantation). The prior aim of the study was to provide baseline data to minimize delayed treatment from nutritional deficiency of the subjects. The results were as follows: 1. TBI group was significantly decreased of oral calorie intake in two weeks after transplantation compared to admission and conditioning stage while that of chemo group was significantly decreased on the date of transplantation. 2. TBI group was significantly decreased of protein intake in two weeks after transplantation compared to admission and conditioning stage. In chemo group, protein intake was significantly decreased on the date of transplantation compared to admission. It was remarkable that TBI group showed lesser protein intake than chemo group. 3. Both group were significantly decreased of BMI in one week and three weeks after transplantation compared to admission. TBI group showed significantly higher BMI than chemo group. 4. Both group were significantly decreased of Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TST)on the date of transplantation compared to admission stage. 5. TBI group was significantly decreased of mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) in two weeks after transplantation compared to admission, conditioning, date of transplantation. 6. TBI group was significantly decreased of albumin level in two weeks after transplantation compared admission stage. In chemo group, it was significantly decreased on the date of transplantation compared to admission, three weeks after the transplantation. 7. TBI group was significantly decreased of transferrin level in two weeks after transplantation compared admission, conditioning, date of transplantation and one week after transplantation. In chemo group, it was decreased of transferrin level in 3 weeks after transplantation. 8. Oral intake of TEl group was impacted by vomiting before transplantation and gingivitis after transplantation. In chemo group, it was impacted by vomiting before transplantation and by two factors, gingivitis and nausea, after transplantation. The results showed oral calorie intake was not different between the two groups while protein intake was significantly lower in TBI group than chemo group. Oral intake was significantly impacted by vomiting before transplantation in both groups, but affected by oral gingivitis in TBI group and gingivitis and nausea in chemo group after transplantation. This findings present that standardized strategies to manage nutrition and gingivitis more effectively are desperately needed to enhance oral intake and protein intake of patients who receive TBI as conditioning regimen.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to estimate the consumption prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplements as health functional foods (VM-HFF) and to examine the factors associated with VM-HFF consumption behaviors in adolescents. A total of 1,407 adolescents attending middle or high schools from various cities and rural communities in Korea participated in this study. The prevalence of VM-HFF consumption was 41.7%, with boys showing a higher consumption than girls (p<0.01). VM-HFF consumption was higher in families with higher socioeconomic status and for families with parents that exhibited higher concerns about their child's health, growth, and nutritional intake (p<0.001). Most consumers of VM-HFF consumed HFFs 'when healthy' (50.1%), and acquired nutritional information from 'their families & relatives' (50.9%). Most consumers responded that VM-HFF was 'a little effective' (54.3%), followed by 'no obvious effects' (37.1%), and 'very effective' (7.4%). The effectiveness of consuming VM-HFF was mainly for 'fatigue recovery' (39.0%) and 'health improvement' (28.2%). Most consumers purchased HFFs at 'pharmacies & oriental medicine clinics' (53.8%) and at 'health functional food stores' (18.8%). Most consumers 'occasionally' (51.1%) or 'seldom' (27.3%) checked nutrition facts when purchasing, with 58.9% of consumers understanding the nutritional label for 'the most part', but only 8.7% of them understanding it 'very well'. Among the VM-HFF, consumers preferred calcium- and vitamin C-supplements. Consumers' mini-dietary assessment scores were higher than those of non-consumers. The results above showed that VM-HFF consumption was widely spread among adolescents, but few consumers checked and understood the nutrition label when they purchased VM-HFF, and were highly dependent on the advice and information from non-professional nutritionists, such as families & relatives. Therefore, it is necessary to educate adolescents to help them read nutrition labels and select the proper VM-HFF.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.946-956
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• 1999

The iron nutritional status of 328(20-70 years old) women in Seoul and Puyo areas was evaluated using a dietary information and a measurement of hematological indices. The serum iron was measured by Red Blood Cell(RBC), Hemoglobin(Hb), Hematocrit(Hct), Serum Iron(S-Fe), Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), Transferrin Saturation(TS) and Serum Ferritin(SF) and was analyzed with the information obtained by interviews which included socio-demographic variables and the dietary pattern of the subjects. The mean Hb was 12.6 $\pm$ 1.21g/dl(Seoul : 12.4 $\pm$ 1.14g/dl, Puyo : 13.2 $\pm$ 1.28g/dl), Hct was 38.7 $\pm$ 3.84%(Seoul: 37.5 $\pm$ 3.28%, Puyo: 4.19 $\pm$ 3.48%), S-Fe was 76.8 $\pm$ 31.49ug/dl(Seoul: 68.8 $\pm$ 27.3ug/dl, Puyo: 78.8 $\pm$ 32.3ug/dl) and TIBC was 277.7 $\pm$ 86.15ug/dl(Seoul: 354.1 $\pm$ 129.8ug/dl, Puyo: 259.0 $\pm$ 59.55ug/dl). The mean Ts(%) was 30.9 $\pm$ 17.9% (Seoul: 21.7 $\pm$ 10.52%, Puyo: 33.2 $\pm$ 18.68%) and the level was significantly higher in Puyo women(p<0.05). The mean SF was 45.4 $\pm$ 46.21ng/ml(Seoul: 53.6 $\pm$ 50.21ng/ml, Puyo: 36.1 $\pm$ 39.83ng/ml). The Red Blood Cell(RBC) showed a negative correlation with age and Hb, Hct showed a negative correlation with education and income level. However TIBC showed a and total energy expenditure per day. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron and vit.C intake showed a positive correlation with Hb and Hct. In particular, heme iron showed a positive correlation with RBC and nonheme iron of Hb, income level and iron intake affected on the level of Hct. In Seoul women, the age of menarche affected on the level of TIBC, total energy expenditure affected on the level of Hct. In Seoul women, the age of menarche affected on the level of TIBC, total energy expenditure affected on the level of S-Fe.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2014

본 연구는 대도시(경기도 수원시), 도농복합시인 화성시 도시지역과 농촌지역 등 세 지역의 한식 음식점 126개 업소를 선정하여 방문 고객 662명을 대상으로 음식점 식생활 환경에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 음식점 식생활 환경을 측정하기 위해 위생환경, 표시정보, 맛과 외관, 건강성, 영양정보, 음식점의 접근성, 유용성, 구매력 등의 인식을 조사하였고, 위생환경, 영양정보 두 영역은 같은 문항을 가지고 전문가 평가도 실시하였다. 세 지역의 한식 음식점 식생활 환경에 대한 고객 인식을 비교분석 하였으며, 고객 인식과 전문가 평가 비교를 통해 지역사회의 음식점 식생활 환경 실태를 알아보고, 향후 건강한 식생활 환경 조성을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 1) 조사 대상자는 총 662명 중 남자가 58%, 여자가 42%였으며, 30대가 32.2%로 가장 많았고, 직업은 사무종사자가 23%로 가장 많았다. 외식 성향과 관련하여, 외식의 정보출처는 주변사람이 63.3%로 가장 많았고, 외식 빈도는 주 1~3회가 44%로 가장 많았으며 지역에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다 (p < 0.01). 방문한 한식 음식점을 가는 이유로는 '맛이 좋아서'라고 응답한 사람이 가장 많았으며 (56%), 편리한 접근성, 합리적인 가격, 건강, 음식점의 분위기와 종업원의 서비스 순으로 나타났다. 2) 지역에 따른 한식 음식점 식생활 환경에 대한 주관적 인식 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 위생환경과 표시정보의 경우 지역 간 유의적인 차이가 나타났으며 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), 병점, 비봉, 수원 지역 순으로 점수가 높았다. 맛과 외관, 건강성에 관련된 요인은 지역에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 영양정보의 경우 메뉴에 대한 영양정보 여부, 건강메뉴의 제시 및 독려하는 메시지 여부에서 지역에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 도시지역이 농촌지역보다 영양정보 표시 음식점이 더 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 3) 지역에 따른 음식점의 접근성, 유용성, 구매력에 대한 인식에 있어 지역별로 유의적인 차이가 나타났다 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01). 대체적으로 도시지역이 농촌지역보다 접근성, 유용성, 구매력이 더 좋은 것으로 인식하였다. 따라서 음식점 접근성이 낮고 가격 부담감이 큰 농촌지역 에는 지자체에서 운영하는 비영리 음식점을 조성하거나 도시락 배달사업, 이동판매와 이동 차량 제공 등의 지원 사업이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 더불어 유용성을 높일 수 있는 다양한 메뉴와 건강한 메뉴가 제공되어야 할 것이다. 4) 음식점 식생활 환경 중 위생환경, 영양정보 표시에 대한 전문가 평가 결과, '종업원의 용모와 복장은 깨끗하고 단정하다' 문항에서 고객 인식과 전문가 평가 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으며 (p < 0.05), 대체적으로 위생환경의 모든 문항이 소비자 인식보다 전문가 평가 점수가 낮게 나타났다. 건강메뉴의 선택을 독려하는 메시지의 여부에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났는데 (p < 0.05), 소비자 인식보다 전문가 평가가 더 낮은 비율을 나타내었다. 외식률이 증가하고 이와 동시에 비만과 만성질환의 예방과 관리를 위한 올바른 음식점 식생활 환경의 개선이 중요시되는 현시점에서 향후 음식점에서는 소비자의 건강한 식생활을 위해서 종업원의 청결 및 실내의 위생, 건강메뉴 개발 및 표시, 영양정보를 제시할 수 있도록 지원과 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각한다. 또한 음식점의 접근성과 이용가능성, 구매력을 높일 수 있도록 지역사회 차원의 식생활 환경을 개선하는 것도 필요하다. 농촌지역 노인정 급식사업, 도시지역 건강식당사업, '어린이 식생활 안전관리 특별법'에서 학교 주변에서 위생적이고 우수한 식품을 판매하도록 명시하고 있는 것 등의 사례가 있다. 향후 여러 지역사회의 다양한 음식점 업태를 선정하여 음식점 식생활 환경 실태를 조사하고, 식생활 환경이 개인의 식생활 및 건강상태에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 등 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.333-342
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• 1998

To assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of Korean adults living in rural area, dietary survey with one day 24 -hour recall method was given to 2037 subjects over 30 years of age living in Yeoncho-gun, Kyungki province of Korea, together with health survey. The mean daily energy intake was 1583 kcal, with 65.4% of energy intake being supplied by carbohydrate, 15.9% by protein and 18.7% by fat. Eighty percents of total food intake were supplied by vegetable food and the rest in the form of animal food . As well as insufficiencies in calcium and iron intake, the bioabailability of calcium and iron is considered to have been low because most of those intakes came form plant origins. For most nutrients except phosporous, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than 75% of RDA was over 40% and highest in the elderly. Those proportion of low intake among female were higher than those among male. The mean adequacy ration(MAR) , an index of overall dietary quality was 0.62 for females and 0.68 for males and decreased with increase of age. The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) were over 1 for most nutrients except 0.06 of vitamin A, 0.73 of calcium and 0.85 of vitamin C, Nutrient intake levels less than 75% of RDA may be appropriate as a criteria for insufficiency of nutrient intake. Based on these results, it is evident that some of adults in rural areas did not consume enough nutrients, especially vitamin A, calcium and vitamin B$_2$, and that the dietary intake of female and the elderly was not adequate .

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2003

This study was performed to document the weight loss diet practice and dietary habit related to weight control in child-bearing Korean women. The subjects were 1,434 women aged 17-39 years. The subjects were classified into 3 groups based on BMI: low weight(LW) BMI < 18.5; normal weight(NW), 18.5 BMI 22.9; and overweight(OW), 23.0 BMI. Anthropometric, general characteristics, weight control practice, and the quality of diet were assessed by a questionnaire. LW group had higher rate of smoking and drinking. They also complained more subjective symptom of anemia and used less nutritional supplementation. Weight loss diet had been practiced by about 40% of subjects and the percent was increased with increasing BMI. The reason of weight loss diet were significantly different by BMI groups(p<0.05); LW to keep body in shape, OW for health. Low BMI group had experienced more side effects after weight loss diet(p<0.05). LW group usually used inappropriate method to control weight such as skipping meals and some of OW group reported using drug to lose weight. All subjects have been skipped their meals of 3.9 times per week, especially 4.3 times in LW group. By mini dietary assessment, most of the subjects did not have regular meals. LW group tended to eat what they like and OW group preferred fried food. This study showed that child-bearing aged women make a ceaseless effort apart from their weight, and LW group have a matter of grave concern because of their dietary habit and weight control practice. Additional research should be necessary to assess the relation of health and weight loss diet in young women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.725-733
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• 2004

It was well received that well grounded behavioral theories were important in the development of effective nutrition education programs, but there are only a few programs available for Korean women. The objective of this study was to develop nutrition education programs for childbearing-aged women in Korea. Based on the findings of the needs assessment for the program and theoretical backgrounds, we developed behaviorally oriented tailored nutrition education program including motivation (MT), modifying (MD) and maintenance (MA) stages. The key concepts of the stages were motivation promotion for MT, increasing behavioral capabilities for MD, and strengthening self-management and building favorable environmental condition for MA. The education program was intended to be need in individual nutrition counseling, but it could be well used for group education by developing materials using the relevant contents. The primary users of the program were nutrition educators, however it could be also used by clients as needed. The introductory chapter provided dietary assessment tools and nutrition education tips. MT chapter included subjects such as nutritional status screening, costs of inappropriate nutrition and weight management, benefits of eating right, and activities for motivation promotion. MD stage chapter dealt with topics of healthy weight, knowledges and skills for better eating habits and physical activity status, and activities related to setting tailored behavioral objectives. MA stage focused on facilitating self management skills and building helping relationships. Each stage underlined activities using various educational tools in order to promote active participation of the client (s). For better use of this program, it was recommended to conduct program validation study.