• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2006

Purpose : The reliability of hair mineral analyses regarding nutritional status, environmental exposure or diseases is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the normal reference range of hair mineral concentration of Korean children. Methods : We examined hair mineral concentrations of 223 children(3-12 yrs old, 110 boys, 113 girls, mean age $8.8{\pm}2.2$ yrs old) living in the northern area of Seoul. The trace elements including six toxic elements(Al, As, Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb) and 11 nutritional elements(Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se) were analyzed by inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Results : The mean concentrations of Ca and Mg were higher in girls than in boys. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cr were higher in boys than girls. The Zn, Ca, Mg, Cu and Hg levels in hair samples were positively correlated with increasing age. The Zn levels of the Korean children's hair samples appear to be lower than that of other countries' reference values. Conclusion : There are considerable differences in hair mineral concentrations by age, sex and race. Additional research is needed to establish Korean reference values, and to evaluate the usefulness of hair mineral analyses as a screening tool for nutrition- and environment-related childhood diseases.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.362-368
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• 2008

In order to isolate novel oligotrophic bacteria exhibiting antifungal activities, soils were collected from pepper-cultivated fields of Yeongyang, Jecheon, Nonsan, Eumsong and Goesan area in Korea. From soils in pepper cultivated area, a total of 9,354 strains were isolated as oligotrophic bacteria by the R2A dilution method. Among 9,354 oligotrohic bacteria candidates, 1A strain was selected by screening against Phytophthora capsici causing phytophthora blight of hot pepper in the greenhouse and field. The strain was identified as Bacillus vallismortis based on its 16S rDNA sequence and key characteristics as compared with those of authentic cultures of B. vallismortis(KACC 12149) and B. mojavensis(KACC 12096). The strain showed broad spectrum of antibiotic activity in vitro test, as revealed in its strong inhibitory activity to the genera Phytophthora, Collectotrichum, Botrytis and Fusarium, but not to Rhizoctonia and Magnaporthe. In pot experiments, infection rate of hot pepper in the non-treated pots was about 89%, while it was only 29% in the pots treated with 1A strain. The result indicated B. vallismortis 1A is a potential biocontrol agent for phytophthora blight of hot pepper

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.296-310
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• 2000

During the past 10 years, concern for community people's health has increased together with the changes. Public health policies and studies for community people's health, however, have influenced those in childmaternal health care to want more general coverage and studies of health and wellness. Particularly, the study of community people's health in the extent an island area is almost rare as that personal and the material benefits in this area are lacking of community people's work is large, and the basic elements of living, such as diet and elimination, are irregular due to the schedule of the tide. Thus, there are many potential health problems. In this regard, the study attempted to understand the health problems of island community people and to provide a basis for developing health promotion and health education programs. In collecting data for the study, face to face interviews were made through a structured questionnaire from October 1 to December 30, 1996. Collected data were analyzed with the SAS statistics program, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Subjects' health status was examined by classifying into such categories as their health perception, complaints of health problem, related lifestyle, psychosocial health staus, the result of examination is as follows; 1. For subjects' health perception, 26.9% of the subject answered not sick, but not so healthy'; 30.9% thought they were healthy, while 22.9% answered that they were not healthy. 2. For the health problem complaints many complained of pains in their muscles and skeletal system, especially knee joint pain. Women's health problems related with breast and the reproductive system included 52.3% of cases doing breast self examination, while 56.55% received the cervical cancer screening test. In men's health problems, 44.2% of subjects answered that they have moderate to severe BPH(Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) symptom. 3. There were statistically a significant difference in the degree of physical health according to marital status(p=0.0028), occupation(p=0.0442), income(p=0.0357). 4. For stress status, 17.2% was to need the intervention, 50.2% was to need observation. 5. The mean score of self-esteem was 27.7 showing a relatively high score. 6. For the rate of smoking, 37.7% used to smoke, while 28% used to take alcohol. 7. The rate of substance abuse was 45.9% of subjects. 8. Most of subjects' health behaviors included most of the acupuncture (52%). 9. The rate of subjects receiving comprehensive medical testing was 34.36% while 34.78% did after care managing behavior. 10. For the obesity grade, 53% is normal weight, low-weight 32.8%, obesity 33%. 11. For nutrition status, 78.7% illy balanced to need intervention of nutritional education. 12. For 78.7% of subjects, muscle strength and 40.7% of stretching were not good enough to need health education on physical exercises. Therefore, based on the results, appropriate health education programs need to be developed to promote health of community people on an island.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2016

Although high mammographic density is one of the strongest predictors of breast cancer risk, X-ray based mammography cannot be performed before the recommended screening age, especially not in adolescents and young women. Therefore, new techniques for breast density measurement are of interest. In this pilot study in Guam and Hawaii, we evaluated a radiation-free, bioimpedance device called Electrical Breast Densitometer$^{TM}$ (EBD; senoSENSE Medical Systems, Inc., Ontario, Canada) for measuring breast density in 95 women aged 31-82 years and 41 girls aged 8-18 years. Percent density (PD) was estimated in the women's most recent mammogram using a computer-assisted method. Correlation coefficients and linear regression were applied for statistical analysis. In adult women, mean EBD and PD values of the left and right breasts were $230{\pm}52$ and $226{\pm}50{\Omega}$ and $23.7{\pm}15.1$ and $24.2{\pm}15.2%$, respectively. The EBD measurements were inversely correlated with PD ($r_{Spearman}=-0.52$, p<0.0001); the correlation was stronger in Caucasians ($r_{Spearman}=-0.70$, p<0.0001) than Asians ($r_{Spearman}=-0.54$, p<0.01) and Native Hawaiian/Chamorro/Pacific Islanders ($r_{Spearman}=-0.34$, p=0.06). Using 4 categories of PD (<10, 10-25, 26-50, 51-75%), the respective mean EBD values were $256{\pm}32$, $249{\pm}41$, $202{\pm}46$, and $178{\pm}43{\Omega}$ (p<0.0001). In girls, the mean EBD values in the left and right breast were $148{\pm}40$ and $155{\pm}54{\Omega}$; EBD values decreased from Tanner stages 1 to 4 ($204{\pm}14$, $154{\pm}79$, $136{\pm}43$, and $119{\pm}16{\Omega}$ for stages 1-4, respectively) but were higher at Tanner stage 5 ($165{\pm}30{\Omega}$). With further development, this bioimpedance method may allow for investigations of breast development among adolescent, as well as assessment of breast cancer risk early in life and in populations without access to mammography.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.582-588
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effects of food materials toward the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium perfringens which have great influences on the intestinal physiology of human, 162 kinds of foodstuffs and foods were collected. Among their extracts, 31 samples showed the inhibitory effects against the growth of B. bifidum and C. perfringens by agar diffusion method. Especially, the methanol extracts of Caltha palustris, Deonjang, onion, mustard and potato inhibited the growth of C. perfringens, while they did not remarkably inhibit other intestinal bacteria including Bifidobacterium spp. By the cultivation of faecal inoculum in the 1 %(v/v) extract broths of Caltha palustris, onion and mustard, population of Bifidobacterium spp. increased by 10 order and that of C. perfringens decreased. ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activities and indole amounts in the cultures of onion and mustard extracts were lower than those of the control culture and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ activities were not detected in the cultures of onion and Doenjang extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.94-105
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• 2004

The biochemical components of Namcheondlggae, Miryangdlkkae 25, Boradlggae and Ipdlkkae 1 were measured. The samples were extracted with hot water, 60% acetone or 80% ethanol for screening physiological activity. The crude protein content (4.36%) was found in the Miryangdlkkae 25 and calcium content (497.5 mg%) was found in the Namcheondlggae among the tested 4 perilla loaves. Fructose was 30.86 mg% in the Namcheondlggae and free amino acids at all perilla leaves was detected seventeen. In Boradlggae, glutamic acid and alanine were 25.37 and 11.91 mg%. Totally nine non-volatile organic acids were also detected and the contents of malic acid and glutaric acid were 28.34 and 14.57 mg% in Boradlggae. The Miryangdlkkae 25 had the highest vitamin C amount which was 113.24 mg%. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of 60% acetone extract of Miryangdlkkae 25 was 39.20% when added as addition of 200 ppm level and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of 80% ethanol extract of Boradlggae was 46.71%. Electron denoting activity of 60% acetone extract from Namcheohndlggae was the strongest inhibition activity as 98.19% when 200 ppm level of the sample extracts were added.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.505-509
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• 2002

In the course of screening program for VHR DS-PTPase (dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase) from natural sources, Gastrodia elata was selected. One compound showing potent inhibitory activity was isolated by the solvent extraction and column chromatography including silica gel, ODS RP-18, Sephades LH-20, and HPLC. This compound was identified as baicalein by several NMR techniques such as $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, and DEPT. Baicalein showed selective inhibitory activity against VHR DS-PTPase with $IC_{50}=2.4\;{\mu}M$, and showed cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines with an $GI_{50}$ of $5.26{\sim}12.93\;{\mu}g/mL$ range, including, melanoma (LOX-IMVI), lung cancer (NCI H23 and A549), colon cancer (HCT 116 and SW 620), prostate cancer (PC-3), and leukemia (MOLT 4F).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.265-270
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• 2000

White ginseng powder, permitted to be irradiated in Korea for the purpose of microbial decontamination, was treated with electron beam at doses of $0{\sim}15\;kGy$ for a detection trial whether it is irradiated or not by measuring photostimulated luminescence for whole samples first and then (TL) for the mineral adhering to the samples. PSL values were less than threshold value (700, $T_{1}$) and were negative for nonirradiated samples but more than 5000 $(T_2)$ and were positive for irradiated ones. After PSL measurement mineral was separated from the whole samples using density separation. Mineral of nonirradiated samples was characterized by glow curves which have low intensity and were situated at the high temperature region (about $300^{\circ}C$) by the low level of natural radioactivity. Glow curves of minerals for all irradiated samples were observed at about $200^{\circ}C$. TL ratio by normalization was 0.01 for nonirradiated sample and more than 0.78 for irradiated samples, and it was possible to detect whether white ginseng powders were irradiated or not.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.464-474
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• 2022

Objectives: We introduced the cohort studies included in the Korean Cohort Consortium (KCC), focusing on large-scale cohort studies established in Korea with a prolonged follow-up period. Moreover, we also provided projections of the follow-up and estimates of the sample size that would be necessary for big-data analyses based on pooling established cohort studies, including population-based genomic studies. Methods: We mainly focused on the characteristics of individual cohort studies from the KCC. We developed "PROFAN", a Shiny application for projecting the follow-up period to achieve a certain number of cases when pooling established cohort studies. As examples, we projected the follow-up periods for 5000 cases of gastric cancer, 2500 cases of prostate and breast cancer, and 500 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The sample sizes for sequencing-based analyses based on a 1:1 case-control study were also calculated. Results: The KCC consisted of 8 individual cohort studies, of which 3 were community-based and 5 were health screening-based cohorts. The population-based cohort studies were mainly organized by Korean government agencies and research institutes. The projected follow-up period was at least 10 years to achieve 5000 cases based on a cohort of 0.5 million participants. The mean of the minimum to maximum sample sizes for performing sequencing analyses was 5917-72 102. Conclusions: We propose an approach to establish a large-scale consortium based on the standardization and harmonization of existing cohort studies to obtain adequate statistical power with a sufficient sample size to analyze high-risk groups or rare cancer subtypes.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to provide basic data for the establishment of effective health policies for the unmet medical experience that may occur among the elderly depending on whether they live in a singleperson household or not. Methodology: This study used data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2020) and excluded cases with missing values in variables for the total number of respondent participants of 15,469. Finally, 2,850 subjects aged 65 or older were selected for final analysis. This study examined the relationship between experiences of unmet medical needs, attempting to confirm the relationship between single-person households and unmet medical needs through subgroup analysis considering gender, age, and household income. Results: According to the results, in the case of single-person households, the odds ratio (OR) for unmet medical needs was significantly higher at 1.60 times (95% CI: 1.16-2.21). Upon conducting subgroup analyses for gender, age, and household income quintiles, the OR was significantly higher at 2.24 times (95% CI: 1.14-4.41) for males and 1.48 times (95% CI: 1.02-2.14) for females, statistically significant in both cases. For individuals aged 65-69, the OR was significantly higher at 1.90 times (95% CI: 1.04-3.47), but for those aged 70-74 and over 75, it was not statistically significant. In the case of households with 'low' income, the OR was higher at 1.62 times (95% CI: 1.16-2.26), and for 'middle' income, it was significantly higher at 3.21 times (95% CI: 1.08-9.51). Conclusion: This study confirmed that the experience of unmet medical care is high among men who make up single-person households and low-income seniors. Therefore, this study suggests that policies to expand medical services and support welfare for single-person households should be established to resolve these problems, showing that health policies that take into account individual and regional characteristics are needed to improve medical accessibility for single-person households.