• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2008

The in vitro thrombin inhibitory activities of 304 crude extracts from 76 kinds of korean wild insects were evaluated. Measurement of thrombin time showed that the DMSO extracts of Acrida cinerea cinerea (Thunberg), Anax parthenope julius Brauer, Eurydema rugosa Motschulsky, and Stethophyma magister (Rehn) and the water extracts of Dolycoris baccarum Linne, Lixus divaricatus Motschulsky, Metrioptera bonneti, Moechotypa diphysis (Pascoe), Nicrophorus concolor sp., and Tomapoderus ruficollis (Fabricius) had strong thrombin inhibitory activity. No prominent changes of activated partial thromboplastin time by treatment of the selected extracts suggested direct inhibition of thrombin activity by the insect extracts. DPPH scavenging activity of selected extracts showed that the extract of A. cinerea cinerea (Thunberg), D. baccarum Linne, L. divaricatus Motschulsky and N. concolor sp. has good antioxidant activity as well as antithombin activity. Our results suggested that some of korean wild insects could be developed as a natural source of antithrombosis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.190-204
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• 2010

This study firstly examined the socioeconomic and health factors associated with infiltration of private health insurance. Secondly, we compared health behavior, outpatient and inpatient use of private health insured with uninsured. The method of this study is that secondary analysis of the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey was conducted for 7178 respondents aged 19 over. We use the logistic regression and t-test for data analysis. The first dependent variable was dichotomy which is divided to private health insured or uninsured and the second dependent variable was the presence and frequency of outpatient and inpatient use. The descriptive variables was gender, age, marital status, income, education, occupation, type of national health insurance, residential area, self confidence of health, prevalence rate of common disease, activity limitation, drinking and smoking status. The result of the major findings are as follows. First, 59 under aged person, married person, people in the higher brackets of income, national employee insured were more likely to infiltrate private health insurance. The poor self confidence of health, activity limitation, person with hypertension or allergic rhinitis and smoker were negatively related in infiltrating private health insurance. Second, private health insured did more preventive behavior such as self-paid health examination, cancer screening, regular exercise than uninsured. Third, private health insured was positively related with the presence of outpatient use and frequency of inpatient use

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1136-1142
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• 2005

To develop new anti-aging foods or cosmetics by using antioxidants, SOD activator and elastase inhibitor, both potent anti-aging substances, were screened from various extracts of medicinal Plants and its optimal extraction conditions were investigated. Antioxidant activity has showed the highest in methanol extracts of Prunus persica (seed; 98.0$\%$). Methanol extracts of Morus alba (leave; 41.0$\%$) showed the highest elastase inhibitory activity while Lycium chinense (fruit; 197$\%$) showed the highest activation effect in SOD activity. The Prunus persica extract that exhibited the highest activity was extracted by treatment of Prunus persica powder with methanol at 40$^{\circ}C$ for 18 h and the SOD activity was maximum with extract from Lycium chinense extracted with deionized water at 30$^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. Elastase inhibitory activity of Morus alba was maximally extracted when it was treated with 70$\%$ methanol at 50$^{\circ}C$ for 12 h.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.427-432
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of natural plant extracts on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the free radical scavenging activity. The methanolic extracts of plants were tested for AChE inhibitory activity using Ellman's colorimetric method in 96-welled microplates and antioxidant activity as the scavenging effect of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). The results showed that AChE activities were inhibited (about 20-30%) in whole plant extract of Daucus carota var. sativa, Hypericum erectum and Fragaria yezoensis. AChE activities were inhibited (about 32-34%) in stems extract of Gingko biloba and leaves extract of Rhododendrondron yedoensa var. poukhanense. Fruit extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium inhibited (about 18%) AChE activity. And the DPPH scavenging effects as antioxidant activity were similar to L-ascorbic acid in whole plant extract of Fragaria yezoensis and fruits extract of Comus officinalis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2003

An amine rich diet with nitrate was incubated in simulated saliva, gastric juice, kale juice, and its ascorbate and methanol soluble portions (5, 10, 15 and 30 mL) for 1 hr at 37$^{\circ}C$ and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was detected in the digestion sample, Kale juice and its ascorbate and methanol soluble portions at 30mL inhibited NDMA formation by 60.1$\pm$4.4%, 49.3$\pm$1.2% and 50.1$\pm$2.0%, respectively. The methanol soluble portion was further fractionated by preparative-LC (prep-LC). Nitrite-scavenging effects of 7 methanol soluble portion (Kl, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6 and K7) in kale juice were 2.0 ~56.2%. Among seven fractions, K3, K4, K5 and K7 exhibited weakly on nitrite scavenging effect. Fraction Kl and K2 inhibited NDMA formation by 71.0 and 65.5%, respectively. Fraction Kl and K2 was further separated by prep-LC into 6 subfractions (Kla, Klb, Klc, K2a, K2b and 2nc). Those subfractions inhibited NDMA formation by 40.9 ~80.4%. The K2a subfraction was screened by MS, $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$ C-NMR and DEPT spectrum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 2007

For this study, plant material for development of phytobiotics (feed additives made with plant extract) was screened. Among hot-water extracts of 9 medicinal plants, Fallopia japonin showed the highest antioxidative activity; the electron donating ability (EDA) and nitrite scavenging ability were 86.9% and 92.7%, respectively. Also, F. japonica had the antimicrobial activity for Pseudomonas aeruginora, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphyzococcus aureus. Specially, antimicrobial activity of F. japonica against K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus was vet strong. $IC_{50}$ of F. japonica against K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus was 6.24 mg/mL and 1.8 mg/mL respectively. These results suggested that F. japonica was a candidate for a phytobiotic material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1992

Twenty kinds of medicinal herbs were extracted by water and 95% ethanol and then antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated against various kinds of microorganisms. Water extracts of Gardeniae fructus (Gardenia jasminoides), Lycii fructus (Lycium chinense) and Schizandrae fructus (Schizandra chinensis) showed inhibitory effects on the growth of most of the bacteria. In the case of ethanol extracts, the 3 kinds of the samples such as Gardeniae fructus, Schizandrae fructus and Lithospermi radix (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) showed inhibitory effects on the growth of almost all bacteria. In particular, ethanol extract from Phellodendri cortex (Phellodendron amurense) showed the best inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus in the concentration of 0.01%. By the way, inhibitory effects of water extracts from these medicinal herbs were not so good on the growth of fungi but those of ethanol extracts were better and ethanol extracts of Phellodendri cortex showed best. Antimicrobial activity was variable according to the used extracting solvent. For example, inhibitory effets of ethanol ext-racts were $2{\sim}100$ times better than those of water extracts. Ethanol extract of Lithospermi radix was the most effective not only bactericidal effects but also sensory evaluation tests for tastes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.613-617
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the quality of the brown rice (BR) and milled rice (MR) during storage. To assess quality, BR and MR were analysed by their fat acidity and flavor pattern using a SMart Nose$^{(R)}$. BR was stored for 30 days at $30^{\circ}C$, and analysed after 5, 15, 20, and 30 days of storage. MR produced in 2005, 2009, and 2010 were also tested. The fat acidity of both rice groups was increased with extended storage and the fat acidity of BR was more rapidly increased than that of MR in general. The flavor patterns from the SMart Nose$^{(R)}$ results were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA). The major groups of atomic mass unit (amu) for good discrimination contribution were from 41 to 85 amus. The PCA1 and PCA2 of BR were 95.64% and 2.78%, respectively when the samples were categorized by storage period. The PCA1 and PCA2 of MR were 81.18% and 13.85%, respectively when the samples were compared by production year. Both rice groups could be practically differentiated into flavor patterns by volatile properties for storage period. With regard to the correlation between fat acidity and flavor pattern, we could find that increasing storage period increased fat acidity value and changed flavor pattern from SMart Nose$^{(R)}$. Accordingly, SMart Nose$^{(R)}$ could be successfully used for easy screening and quality evaluation of stored rice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2017

As Kamisipjeondaebotang (KSD) extract is an herbal ingredient, safety is very important due to possible cell poisoning or heavy metal toxicity to organs when administered to humans or animals. Accordingly, this study examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of KSD extract to confirm its medicinal safety by using RAW 264.7 cells after heavy metal screening, functional index test of the liver and kidney, and cell survival rate test. Heavy metals were not found in KSD extracts or were less than standard amounts. Liver function indices such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase revealed low values and kidney function indices such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were not significantly different from the normal group. This proved the safety to the human. RAW 264.7 cells showed no poisoning compared to the control group in terms of survival rate. Regarding the antioxidant effect of KSD extract, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity increased at concentrations over $10{\mu}g/mL$. The anti-inflammatory effect of KSD extract significantly decreased based on the amount of nitric oxide at concentrations of 10 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ compared to the control group. Expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. There was no significant difference in tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level. Based on the results, KSD can be regarded as a safe antioxidant with anti-inflammatory effects for fracture treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.527-533
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• 2002

In the screening of Korean traditional tea sources for the cellular lysosomal enzyme activity of peritoneal macrophage from mice, CT-0, a cold-water extract from Carthamus tinctorius L., showed the highest macro-phage-stimulating activity. CT-1-IIa-2-1, a purified macrophage-stimulation polysaccharide was obtained by a series of purification steps such as anion exchage chromatography with DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, gel permeation chromatography with Sepharose CL-6B, Sephacryl S-200, and HPLC with Superdex G-75. The molecular weight of homogeneous purified polysaccharide was estimated about 68 kDa. CT-1-IIa-2-1 consisted of xylose 27.44%, arabinose 16.14%, mannose 15.92% and glucose 14.47%. To measure acute toxicity, dose of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected to ICR mice. The LD$\_$50/ was about 397 mg/kg.