• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate arterial stiffness index, physical activity, and food and nutrient intake in middle-aged adults over 40 years when the incidence of cardiovascular disease begins to increase. Methods: This study included 106 subjects (48 males and 58 females) aged between 40 and 64 years. The arterial stiffness index (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV], and ankle-brachial index [ABI]) were measured using a blood pressure pulse wave testing device. Physical activity was assessed using the Korean version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and food and nutrient intake was calculated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 54.4 years. Although the ABI of the subjects was within the normal range, they were divided into tertiles to compare physical activity and food and nutrient intake. In males, the time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly higher in T3 (600.6 min/week) than in T1 (304.4 min/week). In females, the time spent in sedentary behavior was significantly lower in T3 (294.5 min/week) than in T1 (472.1 min/week). In addition, the frequency of fish consumption was significantly higher in T3 (1.27 frequency/day) than in T1 (0.64 frequency/day) in females. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and ω-3 fatty acid intake, adjusted for energy intake, were significantly positively correlated with ABI (r = 0.200 and r = 0.218, respectively). Conclusions: High MVPA (in males), low sedentary behavior (in females), and PUFA and ω-3 fatty acid intake through fish consumption may be associated with low peripheral artery stiffness. Therefore, arteriosclerosis can be prevented through physical activity and proper dietary therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.322-332
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• 2004

The possibility that high, long-term intake of carbohydrates that are rapidly absorbed as glucose may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes has been long-standing controversy. A high consumption of carbohydrates with a high glycemic index produces greater insulin resistance than did the intake of low glycemic index carbohydrates. This study was designed to evaluate the cabohydrate intake status include glycemic index and correlation carbohydrtae intake status with anthropometry factors & other nutrients in usual diet of the Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus. In 104 tpye 2 diabetes mellitus patients(mean age : 51.8yr, male=44.femal=60), we determined carbohydrte intake status include glycemic index with 24hr recall method and measured anthropometry. Mean daily carbohydrtae intakes and glycemic index were 307.3g(male 323.1g, female 295.5g) and 90.7(male 93.4, female 88.8), respectively. We found a strong and statistically significant association between carbohydrate ratio and glycemic index in obese factors, other nutrient. But carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight was low a significant differences in obese factors, other nutrient. Also glycemic index was effected by total energy intake and carbohydrate ratio than carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight. In conclusion, emphasis for dietary modification should be total energy intake and carbohydrate ratio in diabetes mellitus patient.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

As Korea is expected to become super high aged society in 2026, nutrition is important elements of health in the elderly and affects their life. In epidemiological surveys, anthropometric and biochemical measurements represent important components of nutritional assessment in elderly. In the present study, we investigated anthropometric index, biochemical markers, and nutrient intake for elderly aged over 85 by using data on 71 elderly (24 men, 47 women) over 85 years which was obtained from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. According to BMI values, the prevalence of underweight and obesity was 9.7% and 34.5% in men, and 7.9% and 26.4% in women. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 70.7% in men and 25.0% in women. However, plasma biochemical data are normal range in the older population. In nutrients intake, daily Intake of energy, protein, dietary fiber, water, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, and potassium was inadequate considering the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs). In conclusion, elderly need to be educated nutrition and their health dietary life to prevent malnutrition, and standard of nutrition intake should be rearranged in elderly aged 85 over considering their antrhopometric index.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.376-387
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• 1997

The elderly are the most rapidly growing segment of the population in Korea and the largest consumers of expensive medical care. It is reasonable to believe that improving the nutritional status would be beneficial to reducing morbidity and to impro- ving the quality of their lives. This study was conducted to assess the health status and the Nutritional Risk Index of the elderly, and to provide the basic data for the Elderly Nutrition Improvement Program at the Public Health Center. One hundred and forty seven(76 males. 71 females) aged 60 years and over living in Suwon, were assessed with anthropometric measurements, body fat analysis, blood pressure measurements, and a set of questionnaires about health and other related variables. Over half of them had less than a junior middle school education and were considered low income. The percentage of overweight and obese subjects was 33% by the BMI(Body Mass Index), and the prevalence of hypertension was 28$\%$(males) and 31$\%$(females). They had a lot of self-recognized health problems, the male elderly complained about more than the female elderly. In the case of psychological health status, however, the female elderly showed a higher proportions of depression than the male elderly(p$\ll$0.05). In social health status, the elderly had good relationships with friends and collegues, whereas they had poor relationships with their families. They had many nutritional risk factors, and smoking was the most prevalent risk factor for the male elderly and anemia was for the female elderly. The results of this study suggest that Elderly Nutrition Improvement Programs should be planned that can be easily followed. It would be helpful to design a program focusing on individual phychological and social health status, this would increase the efficiency of the program.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the dietary behaviors with 510 high school students (260 males and 250 females) residing in Seoul. The average age of male and female students were 16.3 and 16.4 years old, respectively. Mean height and weight of male students were 174.1 cm and 65.9 kg and those of female students were 161.6 cm and 52.5 kg. The body mass index (BMI) of male and female students were $21.7\;kg/m^2$ and $20.1\;kg/m^2$, respectively, which were within the normal range. Students skipped breakfast more than once a week were 41.1% of males and 44.4% of females. More than 40% of the male and female students skipped breakfast frequently. The mean mini dietary assessment index score of male and female students were 30.6 and 29.6 out of total 50 index scores, respectively. Female students perceived significantly less healthy and fatter than male students. Furthermore, body image satisfaction of the female students was lower than that of male students. Female students were more significantly concerned with body image and desired a thin body shape. Only 22.7% of male students and 6.4% of female students exercised regularly, and the frequency, time, and intensity of exercise in the male students were significantly higher than those of female students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.675-683
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of constipation nutrition knowledge on dietary fiber and frequency of dietary fiber foods intake of 3rd grade high school girls in Kangnung and Seoul. The total 412 questionnaires were analyzed. Defecation frequency was irregular in 47.6% of the students 21.6% had less than twice a week. Those who were in a hurry during defecation frequency was irregular in 47.6% of the students 21.6% had less than twice a week. Those who were in a hurry during defecation were 57.9% and those spent more than 10 min. for defecation were 21.8% More than half of the students(56.6%) answered to have constipation and 13.8% had taken laxative pills more than once during the last one month period. The nutrition knowledge score was relatively high 7.63 points out of possible 10. Dietary fiber intake scores measured by food frequency questionnaire were 3.78 for fruits 3.71 points out of possible 10. Dietary fiber food intake scores measured by food frequency questionnaire were 3.78 for fruits 3.71 for vegetables and 3.37 for seaweeds meaning taken once a week to 2-3 times per month. For the diagnosis of defecation difficulty a factor called "constipation index" was introduced which was composed of defecation frequency time spending for defecation easiness in defecation and feeling of residue in the intestine after defecation. The Cronbach a coefficient of constipation index was 71. Constipation index was significantly correlated with stress level(p<0.05) haste during defecation(p<.01) and defecation time(p<.01) The higher the stress level the more hurry during defecation and the later the defecation the higher the constipation index. The students who ate more often vegetables and seaweeds had lower constipation index(p<.05, p<.01)05, p<.01)

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.525-538
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide information on obesity assessment for Koreans. Among total of 1012 research papers enlisted in the Korean J Community Nutrition form 1996 to 2011, 248 articles were examined in which subjects were divided into more than 2 groups by obesity rate. About the method of anthropometric data collection, more than half of the research papers examined 52.5% and 28.7% of studies utilized the directly measured data and self-described data, respectively. About the utilization of obesity assessment methods, indirect methods of weight-height index (BMI, BMI percentile, and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index) and PIBW (WLR, Broca index, and KDA) were 62.4% and 23.2%, respectably, and the direct method of percent body fat assessment was only 9.3%. The most frequently utilized methods were WLR in under primary and primary school children, and BMI in the middle and high school students and in adults. For primary school students, WLR was the most frequently utilized method up to 2007, but it changed to BMI percentile afterward. Broca Index was no longer utilized since 2008. There were no articles utilizing BMI percentile and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index for obesity assessment in adults. Criteria for obesity assessment were not consistent among research papers: for example, % body fat, 19~40%; BMI, 20~30; BMI percentile, 85th or 95th. In the case of PIBW, 120% of ideal weight was the most frequently utilized criterion for obesity. Based on these findings, we suggest that proper methods and criteria of obesity assessment for each age group should be determined and proclaimed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.683-694
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the body weight control, food habits and nutrient intakes according to the obese index in male middle school students. This study was carried out through questionnaires and measurement by body fat analyzer (Inbody 4.0). The subjects were 275 male middle school students in Iksan. Chonbuk province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 14.4 years old, 167.8 cm, 60.2 kg and $21.3kg/m^2$, respectively. Seventeen point one percent of the subjects were the underweight group, 47.6% were the normalweight group, and 35.3% were the overweight group by the classification of the Korean Pediatrics Society standard. Body fat of underweight, normalweight, and overweight were 16.1%, 19.0%, and 26.6%, respectively. Thirty one point nine percent of underweight, 39.7% of normalweight. and 31.9% of overweight had misperceptions of their weight (p<0.001). Sixty two point two percent of the males were dissatisfied with their body weight, and 55.3% of the whole tried to reduce their body weights. Even though they were normalweight, half of them dissatisfied with their weight. The source of weight control method was friends and family, TV radio, Internet, and school nutrition education, in order. The subjects exercised 3.4 days per week, 70.2 minutes per day, but it was not different significantly by the obese index. Forty percent of the subjects had meals fast, 58.5% of them have biased food habits even if they didn't differ by the obese index. Activity rate was different by the obese index significantly (p < 0.05), the number of severe activity was most in underweight. In conclusion, nutrition education programs should contain the necessity of normalweight, and regularity of lift habits and activities for energy expenditure in overweight students. It made them to recognize their weight correctly, establish healthy body images, and raise the ability to promote health and improve nutritional status.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.179-179
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.36-37
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• 1992