• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.878-885
• /
• 2016

A study was conducted to examine the effects of light quality on the growth and phytochemical contents of ice plant in a closed-type plant production system. Seeds were sown in a 128-cell plug tray using rockwool. The seedlings were then transplanted into a deep floating technique system with recirculating nutrient solution (EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, pH 6.5) in a closed-type plant production system. The nutrient solution was supplied at two weeks after transplanting with 2.0 mM NaCl concentration in all treatments for the development of the bladder cells. The three light sources with different light qualities used were as followed; FL (fluorescent lamps), combined RW LED (red:white = 7:3), and combined RBW LED (red:blue:white = 8:1:1) at $150{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD with a photoperiod of 14/10 hours (light/dark). The results showed that the FL treatment had the greatest growth enhancement effects on the leaf area and the fresh and dry weights of the shoots and roots. The SPAD values were significantly higher under the FL and RBW LED treatments, at 29.8 and 30.6, respectively. No significant difference was observed in salinity under all treatments. Chlorophyll fluorescence was significantly higher under the FL treatment. The total phenol content and antioxidant activity were the highest under the RBW LED treatment. The total flavonoid content was significantly higher under the RBW LED and FL treatments. Hence, the results indicate that the growth of ice plant was maximized under the FL treatment. The phytochemical contents were maximized under the RBW LED treatment.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2011

The growth, yield and quality of Sedum sarmentosum between soil and hydroponic cultivation were compared to produce high-quality shoots in summer season. The plants were collected from four places in Korea and cultivated in a plastic film house with 50% shading. A 1:1:1 mixtures of sand, upland soil and substrate (N-P-K: 330-220-400 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) was used for soil cultivation, and a nutrient film technique (NFT) with Yamazaki-lettuce nutrient solution used for hydroponics. After 30 days of cultivation, plant height ranged from 18.4 to 21.8 cm and showed no significant difference between soil and hydroponic cultivation. Number of shoot, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaf, fresh weight, and dry weight significantly increased in hydroponics compared to those in soil cultivation. Fresh and dry weights in hydroponics were greater in 'Gunsan' and 'Wando' collections than those in other collections. Stem diameter and compression-force significantly increased in soil cultivation rather than hydroponics with significant differences among collections. However there were no significant differences in shoot bitterness and vitamin C content between cultivation methods or among the collections. Most mineral contents except Fe in hydroponics were higher than those in soil cultivation. K, Na, Zn contents in hydroponics were over 2 times higher than those in soil cultivation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of magnesium concentrations in fertilizer solution on growth and cut flower quality of chrysanthemum 'Biarritz'. The nutrient concentrations in plant tissue and soil solution of root media were also determined. Magnesium deficiency appeared on older leaves with interveinal yellow-green chlorosis. Marginal chlorosis and necrosis also developed on some of older leaves. Elevation of Mg concentration in fertilizer solution increased cut flower weight at harvesting stage resulting in the 8.84g in 1.5mM treatment. Dry weight of whole above ground plant tissue increased as Mg concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated within the range from 0 to 15mM, but that of 20mM decreased compared to 15mM treatment. The dry weight of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM treatments were 8.42, 8.75 and 8.848 and tissue Mg contents of those based on the youngest fully expanded leaves at harvesting stage were 0.34, 0.53 and $0.71\%$, respectively. Based on dry weight and tissue Mg contents, Mg fertilization to maintain tissue contents higher than $0.64\%$ is necessary to ensure flower quality and yield. By considering the concentration in 15mM treatment, Mg concentration in soil solution of root media should be higher than $3.68mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at harvesting stage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND: Plants can be grown using a culture medium without soil using a hydroponic system. Crop production by the hydroponic system is likely to increase as a means of solving various problems in the agricultural sector such as aging of rural population and climate change. Different water sources can be used to prepare the culture medium used in the hydroponic system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of different water sources on crop production by the hydroponic system in order to explore the applicability of various water resources. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lettuce was cultivated by the hydroponic system and three different water sources [tap water (TW), bottled water (BW), and groundwater (GW)] were used to compare the effect of water sources on lettuce growth. The three kinds of waters with a nutrient solution (TW-M, BW-M, GW-M) were also used as the media. After the six-week growth period, the lettuce length and weight, the number of leaves, and the contents of chlorophylls and polyphenols were compared among the different media used. The lettuces did not grow in the waters without the nutrient solution. In the media, the lettuce growth and the contents of chlorophylls were affected by the different water sources used to prepare the media, while the contents of polyphenols were not affected. The absorbed amounts of ions by lettuces, especially Ca and Zn ions, and the dry weight of the harvested lettuces showed a strong positive correlation. CONCLUSION(S): Overall, this study shows that different water sources used for growing lettuce in a hydroponic system can affect lettuce growth. Further studies on the enhancement of crop qualities using different water sources may be required in future studies.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.368-378
• /
• 2023

Changes in contents of free sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids of legumes were analyzed for each phase of in vitro digestion. In addition, contents of resistant starch in raw and digested pulses were compared. Soybeans, kidney beans, cowpeas, and chickpeas were analyzed. An in vitro digestion model was used to analyze contents of nutrients using LC-MS and GC-MS. Stachyose in kidneybean, cowpea, and chickpea increased as the digestion phase progressed. In four types of legumes, raffinose slightly decreased or showed no significant difference between the Oral phase and the BBMV phase. Content of glucose, a monosaccharide, increased during the BBMV phase. During the digestion phase, levels of free amino acids and free fatty acids also increased. Content of resistant starch was reduced compared to that in the raw material. It was 0.01g/100 g food in soybean, 1.06 g/100 g food in red kidney bean, 0.77g/ 100g food in cowpea, and 0.76 g/100 g food in chickpea. It was confirmed that nutrients in the in vitro digestion model were liberated at each digestion phase with changes in the content of resistant starch. These results are expected to be used as fundamental data for obtaining bioavailability of nutrients.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2004

We investigated the reproductive cycle with gonadal development of the female Cyclina sinensis by histological observations and seasonal changes in biochemical components of the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues were studied by biochemical analysis, from January to December, 2001. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (February to April), late active stage (March to June), ripe stage (May to August), partially spawned stage (July to October) and spent/inactive stage (September to February). Total protein contents in the adductor muscle tissues reached the maximum in February (early active stage) and appeared the minimum in June (ripe stage), while their contents in the visceral mass tissues reached the maximum in the late active and ripe stages (June) and gradually decreased from July (partially spawned stage) to November (spent/inactive stage). Changes in total protein contents showed a negative correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues (r = -0.499, p = 0.099). Total lipid contents in the adductor muscle tissues reached the maximum in January (the inactive stages) and their contents gradually decreased from February. Their contents in the visceral mass tissues, however, reached the maximum in June (late active and ripe stage) and gradually decreased from July (the partially spawned stage). On the whole, total lipid contents showed a negative correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues (r = -0.631, p < 0.05). Therefore, These results indicate that the nutrient contents of the adductor muscle and visceral muscle tissues change in response to gonadal energy needs. Glycogen contents in the adductor muscle tissue reached the maximum in March (early and late active stages) and decreased from July to September (partially spawned stage). while their contents in the visceral mass tissues reached the maximum in June (late active and ripe stages) and gradually decreased from July (partially spawned stage). Thereafter, their levels gradually increased in November (spent/inactive stage). On the whole, changes in glycogen contents appeared negative correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues. However, they showed no significant different (r = -0.307, p = 0.331).

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.467-469
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the changes of nutritive substances in the edible potato varieties ('Superior', 'Atlantic', 'Irish Cobbler', 'Dejima') during storage under low temperature condition($4^{\circ}C$, 85-90% RH) from January to May. The items examined in this experiment were moisture, free soluble sugars, starch and vitamin C. The contents of starch and vitamin C decreased with increasing storage period. The rates of decrease in starch and vitamin C contents were high in February and low after that. The contents of moisture and free soluble sugars did not show a constant tendency during storage period. The contents of glucose and fructose were the highest in February and March. Among the four varieties, 'Superior' contained highest vitamin C, free sugar, and moisture, while 'Atlantic' contained the highest starch.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 1985

Loach, Misgurnus mizolepis, sampled from Milyang, Ulsan Gijang, Youngsan and Kimhae area in summer and autumn was subjected to quantitative analysis of heavy metals ( Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, As, Pb and Hg ) by ICP-AES. Copper and lead contents were higher in summer samples than autumn samples, whereas chromium and manganese contents were higher in autumn samples. Cadmium and arsenic were not detected. Total mercury contents were 0.029-0.108ppm and there was no defference bewteen summer and autumn samples. Concentrations of cadmium copper, chromium, manganese, arsenic lead and total mercury were below the permissible levels of FDA and NHMRC.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2001

Seasonal content changes of the three key nutrients for organisms, protein, lipid and glycogen, were analyzed for a whole year to delineate the seasonal energy strategy in pen shells, Atrina pectinata. Two metabolically important organs, the visceral mass and the posterior adductor muscle, were examined. Protein in the visceral mass rose in April and stayed at the level until June followed by the constant minimum value between August and November. The protein contents in the posterior adductor muscle increased sharply in April and again in July, followed by a gradual decline thereafter. Total lipid contents in the visceral mass gradually increased between January and May, and then slowly decreased until September since which a new weak increase was noticed. Lipid levels in the adductor muscle rapidly dropped in June and July. Glycogen contents in the visceral mass rapidly increased between February and June, followed by a drastic drop in July. This reduced visceral glycogen level was maintained up to September, and a gradual reduction ensued. Glycogen contents in the adductor muscle steadily but markedly increased from April reaching the maximum in August, and then slowly declined thereafter. These results suggest that an accelerated protein and lipid synthesis occurs in the gonad when the pen shell undergoes the ripe stage of gametogenesis, but the levels of these two nutrients decrease on spawning. With this gonadal process, regular protein synthesis and lipid storage in the posterior adductor muscle are temporarily arrested. The most important nutrient reserves that support gonad developmental cycles in a long term seem to be glycogen of the posterior adductor muscle.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.882-887
• /
• 1996

Some taste compounds such as nucleotide and their related compounds, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA) and total creatinine of sea mussel and baby clam during drying at 40, 50 and 60^{\circ}C$ and storage at low temperature$(4^{\circ}C)$ and room temperature$(20^{\circ}C)$ were investigated. Six kinds of nucleotide and their related compounds such as adenine triphosphate (ATP), adenine diphosphate (ADP), adenine monophosphate (AMP), inosine, adenosine and hypoxanthine were analyzed. The contents od adenosine in raw sample was high in sea mussel and baby clam. The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP decreased, while those of inosine and hypoxanthine increased during drying and storage periods. The contents of TMAO, TMA and total creatinine were low in sea mussel and baby clam. TMAO and total creatinine decreased but TMA increased during drying and storage periods. The rate of change was high in room temperature storage and for long storage periods than that of low temperature storage and for short storage periods.