• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.991-1002
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• 1996

The objectives of this study were to obtain normative data for 45 mother-daughter pairs on spine, femur(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and total body BMD (bone mineral density) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurement, body composition, biochemical markers, nutrient intakes and energy expenditure, to determin the interrelations of these factors within each group, to measure familial resemblance for each variable. We observed significantly positive correlations between height, weight, head, hip and calf circumferences, tricep, femur and calf skinfold thickness, total lean body mass(=weight-total fat body mass-bone mineral content), protein and fat intakes, Ca index, serum total protein and albumin of monter-daughter pairs(p<.05-p<.001). Among mothers, age, osteocalcin, higher, weight, Ca and energy intakes were predictors of BMDs. Among daughters, weight and energy intake were predictors of BMDs. The BMD in lumbar spine(r=.48, p<.01), femoral neck(r=.38, p<.05), ward's triangle(r=.36, p<.05) of the mothers were significantly correlated with those of the daughters, after adjustment for mother's age, hight, weight, osteocalcin, Ca and energy intakes and daughter's weight, energy intake. In regression analyses, mother's BMD also were positively associated with daughter's BMD in lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle. Our findings support that mothers with low BMD tended to have daughters with low BMD. In the age groups studied, as well genetic factors as environmental factors may have an important role in determining BMD. This study suggests that women may successfully enhance their genetically determined BMD through adequate nutrient intakes and weight bearing exercise.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2018

Various types of dried laver Pyropia yezoensis have been produced in response to increasing demand and other laver goods manufactured using different processing methods are continuously being developed. The dried laver used in this experiment was initially heated at $165^{\circ}C$ for 3 seconds, followed by second heating at a high temperature ($340-350^{\circ}C$) to increase the storage period and enhance taste and flavor. Nutrient analysis of each sample heated under three conditions revealed that the protein and lipid contents were highest in samples from D company, while the carbohydrate contents remained relatively stable. After storage for 10 weeks at room temperature, changes in the composition were evaluated. The results showed decrease in protein (30%-49%) and essential amino acid contents. During storage, the major unsaturated fatty acids contained in dried laver slightly changed to 53.4%-56.0% in the form of EPA, while saturated fatty acids slightly increased to 18.4%-22.6% in the form of palmitic acid. The variables derived from fatty acid composition, such as atherogenic and thrombogenic, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic dietary indices, and polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio, also indicated reasonable levels of stability. However, the laver should be consumed within 2 months.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.188-196
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition counseling on diabetes management by determining changes in anthropometry and blood components as well as knowledge and practice of diet therapy and nutrient intake in 34 (male 11, female 23) type 2 diabetes patients. The knowledge and the practice of diet therapy, drinking, smoking and exercise were analyzed by questionnaires. Dietary nutrient intake were obtained from the patients by the 1 day 24-hr recall. Blood glucose level and blood pressure were measured before and 3 months after the treatment. The results are summarized as follows: Average weight (p<0.05) and body mass index (p<0.05) were significantly lower post-counseling. Fasting blood glucose levels (p<0.01) and postprandial-2hour blood glucose levels (p<0.01) were also significantly lower post-counseling. In lifestyle changes for self-management the patients showed significantly higher exercise habits post-counseling (p<0.01). Regarding their level of diet knowledge, they showed significantly higher levels post-counseling in six items such as importance of diet therapy for diabetes (p<0.001), principles of diet therapy (p<0.001), nutrient composition of foods (p<0.01), carbohydrate composition of foods (p<0.001), the prescribed calories (p<0.001) understanding food item and exchange units of cereals, grains (p<0.001) and fruits, juices (p<0.001). Regarding their diet practices, the patients showed significantly higher levels of practice post-counseling in keeping within permitted meal size (p<0.001), using food exchange lists (p<0.001), keeping exact meal times (p<0.01), and controling sweet foods (p<0.001). Protein (p<0.05), animal lipid (p<0.05), and vitamin C (p<0.05) intakes were significantly higher post-counseling.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

The study was performed to investigate the relationship of regular exercise to body composition and nutrient intakes of male college students by comparing anthropometric measurements and one-day dietary intakes by 24-hour recall of physical education (PE) majors and non-major male college students. The subjects were 253 students residing in the Gyeonggi area. Only 64.1% and 32.1% of PE majors and non-major students exercised over 4 times a week and PE major students did stronger exercise than the non-major students did. Mean BMI and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the two groups were not different. But percentages of body fat and lean body mass in PE major students were lower and higher, respectively, than those of non-major students. PE major students consumed significantly more energy and other nutrients except iron, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E than non-major students. Nutrients consumed less than KRDA was calcium in PE major students and energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{12}$, folate, and vitamin C in non-major students. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of PE major students (1.00) was significantly higher than that of non-major students (0.94). Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of all nutrients except vitamin A of PE major students was also significantly higher than that of non-major students. Nutrients below 1.00 in INQ of both groups were calcium, zinc, vitamin B2, and folate. Our data supports that regular exercise may positively influence on body composition and increase diet quality in male college students. Therefore, an educational program focused on regular exercise along with proper dietary behavior would be needed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to compare the productivity of five silage corn varieties. Corn varieties were Pioneer 3144(P 3144), 3160(P 3160), 3282(P 3282), 3352(P 3352) and Suweon 19(S 19) and were seeded on May 2 and harvested on August 15. Ratios of stalk, leaf and ear, chemical composition and yields of nutrients were investigated in respective corn part. Experimental design was accepted by Latin square arrangement with five replicates and each plot had twenty two plants. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Crude portein, crude ash and nitrogen free extract(NFE) contents of whole plant ranged from 6.32 to 7.18%, 5.16 to 7.43% and 52.62 to 57.90%, respectively, and there were no significant(P>.Ol) differences between varieties. Crude protein and NFE content were the highest in ear between corn parts. 2. Crude fiber conent of whole plant ranged from 18.98 % to 24.01 %, and was the highest in suweon 19 and the lowest in P 3352(P<.01). Crude fiber content was the highest in stem and the lowest in ear, However, crude fat content(2.03-3.66 %) vice versa. 3. Yields of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, NFE and TDN per 10a were the greatest(P< .01) in P 3282, however crude fiber yield was the highest(P<.Ol) in P 3352. 4. Ratios of different part to total dry matter yield ranged from 12.7 %(P 3352) to 17.8 %(P 3160) for leaf, 44.5(P 3352) to 66.9 %(P 3160) for stem and husks, and 16.9 %(P 3282) to 42.8 %(P 3352) for ear, and there were significant differences between corn varieties(P<.Ol). Consequently, P 3352 has the greatest nutrient yields, particularly by ear, and P 3282 has a great nutrient yield by stem. This result suggested that could be appear a better character of silage corn by hybridization of this two corn varieties.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.597-607
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• 2018

This study examined the nutrient components and measured the physicochemical properties of 23 Korean sweet potato cultivars. The proximate composition, free sugars, organic acids, and dietary fiber of sweet potato were analyzed and the water binding capacity, oil absorption and pasting characteristics were measured. The proximate composition was the highest in Happymi and was higher in colored sweet potato than in general sweet potato (p<0.05). The sucrose content was the highest among the free sugars in the general cultivars and yellow/orange colored cultivar. The major organic acids were oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and acetic acid. Oxalic acid and citric acid were high in the purple colored cultivars and malic acid was high in yellow/orange colored cultivars. Each total dietary fiber content of the general and colored cultivars was 7.51-13.94 and 13.04-16.97%, respectively, but there was no significant difference. The water binding capacity and oil absorption of Juhwangmi was high in all cultivars (p<0.05). The peak viscosity of sweet potato powder showed highest a significant difference of 12.50-1342 cP (p<0.05). The breakdown of Sincheonmi was 512, which was the highest value (p<0.05). The setback of Geonpungmi was significantly low, 6.0 (p<0.05).

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.240-252
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary nicotinic acid (NA) on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota in uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle. Methods: Twenty-one uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle (385.08±15.20 kg) aged 1.5 years were randomly assigned to the control group (CL, 0 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet), NA1 group (800 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet) and NA2 group (1,200 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet). All animals were fed a 60% concentrate diet and 40% dried rice straw for a 120-day feeding experiment. Results: Supplemental NA not only enhanced the apparent nutrient digestibility of acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), but also elevated the rumen acetate and total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of rumen microbiota revealed that dietary NA changed the diversity of rumen microbiota (p<0.05) and the abundance of bacterial taxa in the rumen. The relative abundances of eight Erysipelotrichales taxa, five Ruminococcaceae taxa, and five Sphaerochaetales taxa were decreased by dietary NA (p<0.05). However, the relative abundances of two taxa belonging to Roseburia faecis were increased by supplemental 800 mg/kg NA, and the abundances of seven Prevotella taxa, three Paraprevotellaceae taxa, three Bifidobacteriaceae taxa, and two operational taxonomic units annotated to Fibrobacter succinogenes were increased by 1,200 mg/kg NA in diets. Furthermore, the correlation analysis found significant correlations between the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and the abundances of bacterial taxa, especially Prevotella. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that dietary NA plays an important role in regulating apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber, acetate, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the composition of rumen microbiota.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.463-470
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• 1995

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits and in vitro protein synthesis of 3 day old Arbor Acres broiler chickens when dietary crude protein levels were varying in diets. Six replicates of eight chicks each (average initial weitht = 59.4 g) were randomly assigned to three levels (low, medium, high) of dietary crude protein at two levels of chromium (0, 200 ppb Cr/kg diet) as chromium picolinate. Six chicks/treatment were randomly chosen for analyses of carcass composition, six additional chicks/treatment were randomly chosen for analyses of serum components, and a chick/treatment was chosen for in vitro culture of liver tissue. Chromium picolinate did not affect feed intake, protein and fat utilizability, regradless of dietary crude protein level. But feed/gain ratio were more improved in groups fed the low protein diets added with chromium picolinate compared with groups fed the medium and high protein diets with chromium picolinate. Carcass fat tended to decrease whereas carcass protein tended to increase when added with chromium picolinate. Broilers fed diets with chromium picolinate exhibited lower serum triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations than those fed without chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). Both secreted and retained proteins in cultured acinar cell were higher in groups fed diets with chromium picolinate than those fed diets without chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). It could be suggested that chromium picolinate was effective in improving weight gain and nutrient utilizability when dietary crude protein was low (p < 0.05), and also effective in manipulating carcass fat when dietary crude protein level was high (p < 0.05).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2021

Seaweeds are a potential source of minerals, essential amino acids, fatty acids, proteins, and various bioactive compounds such as antioxidants. The higher water content of seaweeds reduces the shelf life and this requires the appropriate drying method. The drying conditions play a major role in the conservation of nutrient composition in dried seaweeds. In recent years, the seaweed industry has used many different drying methods with advantages and limitations. Hybrid hot-water Goodle dryer (HHGD) which is a special dryer mixed with hot-water and a Korean traditional heating system (Goodlejang) might be a solution to avoid these limitations. The present study evaluated the effect of drying conditions in HHGD on nutrient composition and bioactivities of brown seaweeds. Moreover, freeze-dryer (FD) and HHGD were employed in this study to compare the dried outputs obtained from four brown seaweed species. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the hybrid hot-water Goodle drying method (HHGDM) on the nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of dried seaweeds. AOAC standard methods were used to analyze the proximate composition of dried samples and their 70% ethanol extract. The intracellular and extracellular antioxidant activities were evaluated using Vero cells and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer respectively. High performance liquid chromatography, apoptotic body formation, and in-vivo experiments were used for further confirmation of the quality of dried output. The proximate composition results obtained from drying in HHGD and FD did not exhibit any significant difference. Moreover, the seaweed extracts from the dried seaweeds by HHGD and FD dryings were also not different and both significantly down-regulated in-vivo and in-vitro oxidative stress. Furthermore, the high performance liquid chromatography results revealed that the two dryers did not make the major peaks different in the chromatograms. Freeze-drying method (FDM) provides elevated quality for dried output, but there are limitations such as high cost and low capacity. The results from a novel HHGD did not provide any significant difference with the results in FD and expressed a potential to avoid the limitations in FD. Overall, these findings solidified the applicability of HHGD over FD.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.851-862
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the proximate composition and antioxidative activities of young barley leaf(YBL). YBL powder(all w/w) was 2.98% moisture, 17.13% crude protein, 4.00% crude fat, 10.72% crude ash, and 65.17% carbohydrate. The contents of total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber were $36.62{\pm}2.33$, $19.05{\pm}1.04$, and $17.57{\pm}1.01g/100g$, respectively. The essential and non-essential amino acids contained in the YBL powder accounted for 46.56% and 53.44% of the total amino acids, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acid was linolenic acid. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 4.84. Only tartaric acid was detected. The contents of vitamins A, C, and E were 0.761, 398.05, and 0.936 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of YBL powder were in the order of Na$IC_{50}$ value for the DPPH radical scavenging of the YBL ethanol extract was $365.74{\pm}6.98mg/mL$. The antioxidative index was high and was similar to that of t-butylated hydroxytouene. These results suggest that YBL can be recommended as a baby vegetable of high nutritional quality and antioxidative properties.