• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-strain probiotic (MSP) (Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 + Bacillus subtillis UBBS14 + Saccharomyces boulardii Unique 28) on performance, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter related genes in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 256 (4×8×8) day-old CARIBRO Vishal commercial broiler chicks of uniform body weight were randomly distributed into four treatments with 8 replicates each and having eight chicks in each replicate. Four dietary treatments were T₁ (negative control-basal diet), T₂ (positive control-antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate at 20 mg/kg diet), T₃ (MSP at 10⁷ colony-forming unit [CFU]/g feed), and T₄ (MSP at 10⁸ CFU/g feed). Results: During 3 to 6 weeks and 0 to 6 weeks, the body weight gain increased significantly (p<0.05) in T₃ and T₄ groups. The feed intake significantly (p<0.05) reduced from T₁ to T₃ during 0 to 3 weeks and the feed conversion ratio also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T₃ and T₄ during 0 to 6 weeks. The humoral and cell mediated immune response and the weight of immune organs were also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T₃ and T₄. However, significant (p<0.05) dietary effects were observed on intestinal histo-morphometry of ileum in T₃ followed by T₄ and T₂. At 14 d post hatch, the relative gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT5), sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT₁) and peptide transporter (PepT₁) showed a significant (p<0.05) up-regulating pattern in T₂, T₃, and T₄. Whereas, at 21 d post hatch, the gene expression of SGLT₁ and PepT₁ was significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in MSP supplemented treatments T₃ and T₄. Conclusion: The supplementation of MSP at 10⁷ CFU/g diet showed significant effects with improved performance, immune response, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter genes. Thus, the MSP could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in chicken diets.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.488-493
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• 2008

Phosphate, a favorable phosphorous form for plant, is one of major nutrient elements for growth and development in plants. Plants exhibit various physiological and biochemical responses in reaction to phosphate starvation in order to maintain phosphate homeostasis. Of them, expression of high affinity phosphate transporter gene family and efficient uptake of phosphate via them is a major physiological process for adaption to phosphate deficient environment. Although the various genetic resources of high affinity phosphate transporter are identified recently, little is known about their functions in plant that is prerequisite information before applying to crop plants to generate valuable transgenic plants. We demonstrated that Arabidopsis transgenic plants over-expressing two different high affinity phosphate transporter gens, OsPT1 and OsPT7, derived from rice, exhibit better growth responses compared with wild-type under phosphate starvation condition. Specially, OsPT7 gene has proven to be more effective to generate Arabidopsis transgenic plant tolerant to phosphate deficiency than OsPT1. Furthermore, the expression level of AtPT1 gene that is one of reporter genes specifically induced by phosphate starvation was significantly low compared with wild-type during phosphate starvation. Taken together, these results collectively suggest that over expression of OsPTl and OsPT7 genes derived from monocotyledonous plant function efficiently in the dicotyledonous plant, relieving stress response caused by phosphate starvation and leading to better growth rate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.614-627
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• 2020

During the course of this trial, our team assessed the influence of protease upon the growth performance, the nutrient digestibility, and the expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters within the liver, muscle, and small intestines of broilers. During the first step, our team allocated 600 broilers into four dietary treatments for a period of 35 days in order to measure the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the broilers selected. The separate treatments contained 10 replicates (15 birds per replicate). The treatments were composed of: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) T1, basal diet + 0.03% protease; 3) T2, basal diet + 0.06% protease; and 4) T3, basal diet + 0.09% protease. Next, the broiler chick sample tissue was harvested from the CON and T3 groups in order to conduct gene expression analysis following the feeding trials the broilers underwent. Our team discovered that the broilers fed protease diets possessed increased body weight and an average daily gain, but conversely, had lower feed conversion ratios when their dietary protease levels increased from 0% to 0.09% (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant linear improvements were identified among the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, and amino acids within broilers supplied with protease diets when contrasted and compared with broilers supplied with the basal diet (p < 0.05). In addition, the gene expression of the genes IGF1, IGF2, GH, and LEP in the liver, and the genes MYOD1 and MYOG in the breast muscles, was significantly increased after broilers were fed with a protease diet as compared to broilers that subsisted on a basal diet (p < 0.05). Protease supplementation also raised the expression levels within these amino acid transporters: SCL6A19, SLC7A1, SLC7A7, SLC7A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A9, and SLC15A1, located in the small intestine, when compared to the basal diet (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that protease supplementation in their diet improved the growth performance of broilers via an increase in the expression growth-related genes within broiler liver and muscle tissue. In addition, protease supplementation enhanced broiler digestibility via the upregulation of amino acid transporter expression within the small intestine.

• ALGAE
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2018

Fragilariopsis cylindrus is one of the most successful psychrophiles in the Southern Ocean. To investigate the molecular mechanism of biomineralization in this species, we attempted to synchronize F. cylindrus growth, since new cell wall formation is tightly coupled to the cell division process. Nutrient limitation analysis showed that F. cylindrus cultures rapidly stopped growing when deprived of silicate or light, while growth continued to a certain extent in the absence of nitrate. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that deprivation of either silicate or light could effectively arrest the cell cycle of this diatom species at the G1 phase, suggesting that synchrony can be established using either factor. Fluorescence labeling of new cell walls was faintly detectable as early as approximately 6 h after silicon repletion or light irradiation, and labeling was markedly intensified by 18 h. It is revealed that the synthesis of girdle bands begins before valve synthesis in this species, with active valve synthesis occurring during the G2 / M phase. Expression profiling revealed that selective member(s) of the F. cylindrus SIT genes (FcSIT) respond to silicate and light, with a different set of genes being responsive to each factor. The Si / light double depletion experiments demonstrated that expression of one FcSIT gene is possibly correlated to transition to G2 / M phase of the cell cycle, when the valve is actively formed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2021

질산염은 많은 유전자의 발현을 조절하고 생장과 발육과정에서 매우 중요한 영양소이자 시그널 분자이다. 본 연구는 고등식물에서 질산 신호에 의한 유전자발현제어 관련 전사인자의 연구현황을 소개하고자 한다. 질산 환원 효소는 질소 동화 경로상의 효소이며, 질산이온을 아질산이온으로 환원하는 과정을 촉매한다. 질산이온, 빛, 대사산물, 식물호르몬, 저온, 가뭄 등의 여러 요인이 질산환원효소 유전자의 발현 수준과 생리적 역할과 같은 질산환원효소 활성을 조절한다. 최근 질산 환원 효소 유전자의 발현제어에 관여하고 있는 몇몇 전사인자들이 식물에서 분리되었다. NODULE-INCEPTION-like proteins (NLPs)는 질산 환원 효소 유전자의 질산 유도성 발현에 관여하는 전사인자이다. NLPs는 질산 수송체, 아질산 수송체, 아질산 환원 효소에 관련된 유전자의 질산 유도성 발현을 제어한다. 질산 환원 경로와 관련된 유전자의 발현 수준은 질산에 반응하여 NLPs에 의해 협조적으로 조절된다. 따라서 식물에서 질산염의 기능을 이해하면 질소 사용량이 적은 작물을 육성할 수 있다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.390-394
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• 2003

In the post-genome period, the technique for identifying gene expression has been progressed to high throughput screening. In the field of molecular nutrition, the use of screening techniques to clarify molecular function of specific nutrients would be very advantageous. In this study, we have evaluated Zn-regulated gene expression in Zn-deficient, homocystein-treated EA.hy926 cells, using cDNA microarray, which can be used to screen the expression of many genes simultaneously. The information obtained can be used for preliminary assessment of molecular and signaling events modulated by Zn under pro-atherogenic conditions. EA.hy926 cells derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in Zn-adequate (control, 15 $\mu$M Zn) or Zn-deficient (experimental, 0 $\mu$M Zn) Dulbecco's MEM media under high homocysteine level (100 $\mu$M) for 3 days of post-confluency. Cells were harvested and RNA was extracted. Total RNA was reverse-transcribed and the synthesized cDNA was labeled with Cy3 or Cy5. Fluorescent labeled cDNA probe was applied to microarray slides for hybridization, and the slide was then scanned using a fluorescence scanner. The expression of seven genes was found to be significantly decreased, and one significantly increased, in response to treatment of EA.hy926 cells with Zn-deficient medium, compared with Zn-supplemented medium. The upregulated genes were oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle-related genes and transporter genes. The down-regulated gene was RelB, a component of the NF-kappaB complex of transcription factors. The results of this study imply the effectiveness of cDNA microarray for expression profiling of a singly nutrient deficiency, namely Zn. Furthur study, using tailored-cDNA array and vascular endothelial cell lines, would be beneficial to clarify the molecular function of Zn in atherosclerosis, more in detail.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2007

P. pastoris는 대장균에 비해 정확한 접힘, 당화, 효율적인 분비기작등의 장점을 가지고 있어 재조합 단백질의 생산을 위한 균주로서 관심을 받고 있다. 또한 재조합 단백질의 효율적인 생산공정 개발을 위하여 배양공정 중 특정 시간이나 조건에서 발현될 수 있는 효율적인 유도성 프로모터의 개발도 중요 관심 분야이다. 본 연구에서는 연속배양을 이용하여 P. pastoris의 배양 중 특정 기질이 소모되었을 때 발현되는 자동 유도성 프로모터를 개발하기 위하여, 인산이 고갈되었을 때 과발현 되는 유전자들을 탐색하였다. 인산 제한 연속배양의 정상상태에서 얻어진 균체로 부터 total RNA와 mRNA를 분리하였고, 이로부터 cDN를 합성하여 인산제한조건에서 과발현되는 유전자들을 확보하였다. 그 중 빈도수가 높은 8종의 유전자 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH), glucokinase, thiol-specific antioxidant protein, triosephosphate isomerase, sodium/phosphate symporter(NPS) 그리고 pyruvate decarboxylase를 선별하였고, Northern blot analysis를 수행한 결과 인산 섭취에 관련된 NPS 유전자가 인산제한조건에서 과발현 됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구실에서는 자동유도성 프로모터로서 NPS유래의 프로모터의 잠재성을 알아보기 위하여, 관련 유전자를 확보하여 외래 유전자를 이용한 발현연구를 진행 중이다.