• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.167-175
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutrient load balance in the reservoir irrigated paddy block during growing seasons. Idong reservoir irrigation paddy block of 10.3 ha in size was selected to collect hydrologic and water quality data. Irrigation, canal flows, and paddy field drainage were measured using a water level gauge, while water samples were collected and analysed for water quality. The water balance analysis showed that 81 % and 75 % of total outflow were through paddy and irrigation canal drainage during 2011 and 2012, respectively. The water quality of paddy field drainage varied greatly depending on rice cultivation stage ranging from 0.05 to 24.55 mg/L and from 0.01 to 0.76 mg/L for T-N and T-P, correspondently. Paddy field drainage loads during May through June account for 64 % and 76 % in 2012 and 2013, while 82 % and 81 % for T-P in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that rainfall was significantly correlated with nutrient loads during July through August due to runoff, and irrigation was related with nutrient loads of drainage during some period of July through September due to irrigation return flow. This study results showed characteristics of inflow and outflow nutrient loads from plentiful irrigated paddy block.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.190-199
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of root canal cements such as AH-26, Sealapex, Canals and Apatite root sealers(Type I, II, III) and to determine the efficacy of their activities. S.mutans(AHT), S.sanguis(NCTC 9811) and B.gingivalis(381) were streaked on blood agar and the PVC tybes filled with root canal cements were applied on. Then the microorganisms were cultured for 48 hours, anaerobically. B.cereus(KCTC 1012) was streaked on nutrient agar, PVC tubes were applied on and were cultured for 48 hours, aerobically. The inhibition zones of root canal cements were measured with vernier caliper. The data statistically analyzed, and the results were as followed. 1. Apatite root sealers(Type I, II, III) showed no inhibition zones. 2. AH-26, Sealapex and Canals had inhibition zones with varying degrees. The inhibition zone of AH-26 was greatest and followed by Canals and Sealapex(P<0.01). 3. As time goes by after mixing the root canal cements, AH-26, Canals and Sealapex showed significantly reducing inhibition zones(P<0.01). 4. There were the least inhibition zones of all the root canal cements on S.mutans and followed in such order as; B.gingivalis, S.sanguis and B.cereus(P<0.01).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.320-331
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• 2012

A combination system of catch canal and constructed wetland was designed and suggested to improve water quality in gagricultural region of lower Dong-jin river basin. In order to evaluate an water quality improvement efficiency of the designed combination system, the NPS-WET model was applied in this study. Simulation result of the NPS-WET shown that the nutrient load removal rate of constructed wetland was BOD, T-N, T-P and SS was 30.7~39.0%, 46~60%, 40.7~57.0% and 68.2~74.7%, respectively. Nutrients reduction of constructed wetland was higher in growing season than winter season because vital activity of microorganism, macrophyte and algae was augmented with high air and water temperature. Effluents from constructed wetland can affect water-quality of catch canal drains, especially, water-quality on junction point to Dong-jin river. Water-quality improvement in low-flowed catch canal (Un-san) was more significant than in high-flowed catch canal (Won-pyeong). In conclusion, a feasible design of constructed wetland is necessary to treat large quantity of receiving water. The NPS-WET is useful tool for assessing water-quality improvement efficiency using constructed wetland.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

This study investigated the anatomy of the nutrient foramen (NF) in German Shepherds by recording the number, site, position, and direction of penetration of the nutrient canal (NC) in the humerus, radius, and ulna of 50 individuals. The site index of the nutrient foramen (SI) was calculated as the ratio of the length to the NF site from the proximal end to the greatest length of the bone. The NF diameter was measured using different sized needles. Most humeri had only one NF on the caudal surface, particularly on the lateral supracondylar crest, or distal cranial surface. All radii had one NF, usually on the caudal surface, while most ulnae had one NF located on either the cranial or lateral surfaces. The SI and NF diameters were 58.0~59.5% and 0.73~0.78 mm in the humerus, 30.4~30.9% and 0.74~0.76 mm in the radius, and 29.3~29.8% and 0.67~0.68 mm in the ulna, respectively. With the exception of the relatively proximal NF of the radius, the direction of penetration followed Berard's rule. This study provides novel information on the location and diameter of the NF and direction of the NC in the long bones of the pectoral limb of German Shepherds.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate location, distribution, diameter, and length of the nutrient canals on mandibular anterior region using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods : Mandibular CBCT was performed on 33 adults (18 males and 15 females) with no history of systemic disease, and any other dental surgery history Location, distribution, diameter, and length of the nutrient canals on mandibular anterior region were radiographically evaluated. A statistical comparison was done by SPSS. Results : In the location and distribution of nutrient canals, they were found in 6.8% at labial portion above root apex, in 93.28% at lingual portion above root apex in 46.2% at labial portion below root apex, and in 53.6% at lingual portion below root apex. Nutrient canals at lingual portion above root apex were most frequently observed between central and lateral incisors, and those at labial and lingual portion below root apex were most frequently observed between central incisors. The mean diameters of nutrient canals were 0.54 mm at labial portion above root apex, 0.61 mm at lingual portion above root apex, 0.66 mm at labial portion below root apex, and 0.76 mm at lingual portion below root apex. The mean lengths of nutrient canals were 2.63 mm at labial portion above root apex, 3.74 mm at lingual portion above root apex, 4.51 mm at labial portion below root apex, and 6.77 mm at lingual portion below root apex. Conclusion : CBCT is useful device to evaluate the anatomical structure of nutrient canals on mandibular anterior region.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate natural distribution of aquatic plane and to find out natural aquatic plants which highly absorb nutrient N and P. We surveyed vegetation within ${\pm}2m$ from streamside in 12 tributaries of the West Nakdong river watershed during May to October in 2003. Hydrophytes surveyed in tributaries of the West Nakdong river watershed were 27 families, 61 genera, 76 species, 3 varieties. Major dominance species of aquatic plants were Z. latifolia, P. communis, P. thunbergii, P. arundinacea, P. japonica, and P. distichum var. indutum. Aquatic plants having high production ability of biomass were Z. latifolia, P. communis, P. arundinacea, P. japonica, and E. crus-galli var. echinata. In the vertical distribution of hydrophytes within streams, dominant species were P. thunbergii and P. japonica in the upper stream, but dominant species in the downstream were P. communis and Z. latifolia. Species diversity or aquatic, plants was reduced, but their biomass and nutrient (T-N and T-P) content per the natural area unit $(m^2)$ were increased in the downsteaam. Nutrient N and P content of aquatic plants per the natural area unit were high at Joman river, Pyeonggangcheon, Bulam drainage canal, and Hogyecheon. Fifty-seven species of aquatic plants having high biomass were grounped into 4 categories $(I{\sim}IV)$ according to their nutrient content per dry weight unit. I group $(T-N,\;\geqq20gkg^{-1}\;&\;P_2O_5,\;\geqq7gkg^{-1})$ was comprised of 3 submerged plants (H. verticillata, P. crispus, and C. demersum), e emergent plants (O. javanica, P. distichum var. indutum, and R. sceleratus), 1 suspended plant (T. japonica), and 1 riparian plant (A. lobatum). Otherwise, in classification of natural hydrophytes according to their nutrient content per natural area unit, Z. latifolia, P. communis, P. longiseta, P. arundinacea, and P. distichum var. indutum possessing great biomass productivity as emergent plants were included in I group $(T-N,\;\geqq1gm^{-2}\;&\;P_2O_5,\;\geqq0.7gm^{-2})$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2009

As panfacial fractures are involved multiple fracture, there are possibility of many pre-operative & postoperative complications. It is necessary to do exact pre-operative evaluation, appropriate operation and care, for preventing and treating these complications, especially related to optic nerve injury. The complication occurs rarely after periorbital facial bone fracture, and indirect injuries may occur as a result of impact shearing force transmitted into the optic nerve axons or to the nutrient vessels of the optic nerve. Also indirect injuries may occur after the force of impact because of vasospasm and swelling of the optic nerve within the confines of the nonexpansile optic canal. It is necessary to active evaluation and treatments involving decompression of the orbit surgically and high dose steroid therapy in relation to panfacial fracture. But sometimes this treatments are limited due to severe swelling of the face and related multiple bone fractures in the body. This case showed the delayed neuropathy, at last visual loss, in spite of megadose methylprednisolone administration. The purpose of this article is to present indirect traumatic optic neuropathy that is one of many complications in panfacial bone fracture.