• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.147-159
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• 2015

White rice consumption, a staple food for the Korean influence the other food consumption and nutrition balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association with rice consumption based dietary intake and muscle mass for the Korean elderly who are easily in mal-nutrition. A total of 1,433 subjects (658 male and 775 female) 60 years or older from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2010 participated in this study. One of the findings was that there was association white rice consumption and marital status (single/with/without spouse) as well as education for men. Other interesting finding was the member of highest white rice consumption group showed higher muscle mass in both sexes. The other finding was that the more white rice consumption group showed the less meat consumption as well as the less consumption of other grains, noodle & dumpling, and flours & bread in both sexes. We found the significant association between white rice consumption level and muscle mass and several metabolic syndrome related factors in the elderly. But the association with white rice consumption and glucose metabolism related factor had not shown consistently.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.194-201
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• 2005

Silicate (Si) fertilizers are well-known for soil amendment and to improve rice productivity as well as nitrogen efficiency. In this study, we investigated the possible reduction level of nitrogen fertilization for rice cultivation by amending Si fertilizer application. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on a silt loam soil, where three levels of nitrogen (0, 110 and $165kg\;ha^{-1}$) were selected and Si fertilizer as a slag type was applied at 0, 1 and 2 times of the recommendation level (available $SiO_2\;130mg\;kg^{-1}$). Application of Si fertilizer increased significantly the rice yield and nitrogen efficiency. With increasing N uptake of rice, 1 and 2 times of recommended levels of Si fertilization could decrease nitrogen application level to about 76 and $102kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ to produce the target yield, the maximum yield in the non-Si amended treatment. Silicate fertilizer improved soil pH and significantly increased available phosphate and Si contents. Conclusively, the Si fertilizer could be a good alternative source for soil amendment, restoring the soil nutrient balance and to reduce the nitrogen application level in rice cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.383-387
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• 2004

Effects of oyster shell powder as a liming material were investigated in an apple orchard. Soil texture of the apple orchard was silty clay loam (Upyeong series with 7% of slope) and topsoil pH was 5.6. Treatments of 1,590 kg oyster shell powder $ha^{-1}$ and calcium-magnesium carbonate as much as oyster shell powder were included in the experiment. With treatments of oyster shell powder and calcium-magnesium carbonate, the length, number and diameter of new branches and the diameter of main, secondary and side branches increased in comparison with control. With oyster shell powder application, soil pH increased from 5.6 to 6.8 at the harvest. In addition, it increased exchangeable Ca from 2.6 to $4.2cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. But it didn't make any difference in chlorophyll, sugar and malic acid contents. The apple weight per fruit of oyster shell powder application was 9 g more than that of control. Apple yield was highest ($37,000kg\;ha^{-1}$) in the oyster shell powder treatment, and the yield increase was significantly different at 5% level LSD. We concluded that the oyster shell powder can be an alternative of lime and effective to restore soil nutrient balance in apple orchard soil.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2021

Ocean dumping manure was prohibited in Korea until the end of 2012. Undumped manure was treated by resourcification, purification, and public process in a facility. But poor storage of untreated manure and overproduced compost can pollute river water. In this study, linear regression, Mann-Kendall, Seasonal Mann-Kendall, LOWESS trend, and Spearman's correlation analysis were conducted for investigating the changes in the water quality of Bukhan and Imjin river before and after the prohibition of ocean dumping. In 2017, the Imjin Riv er basin had more than 5.7 times liv estock breeding heads than the Bukhan Riv er basin and more than 3.5 times livestock manure. The areas of land, farmland, and nutrient balance were also higher in the Imjin River basin. Since the two basins have different environments, it is expected that the characteristics of changes in water quality due to the increase in livestock manure generation and treatment methods will be different when comparing the water quality trends before and after the ban. The result of the trend analysis revealed a decrease in EC before the ban but an increase afterward. T-N and BOD of Imjin river increased slightly before the ban but demonstrated great enhancement thereafter. Other sites and T-P exhibited no trend. The correlation analysis result showed that the increase in the number of livestock rearing was correlated with the increase in T-P of Bukhan River and BOD of Imjin River. The increase in livestock manure production was not correlated with the Imjin River basin, while a correlation was observed with the Bukhan River with an increase in T-N and EC and the decrease in T-P.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2022

This article evaluated levels of Estimated Average Requirements (EARs), Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) of protein using the recently revised Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans (2020). Dietary protein requirements are based on amounts sufficient to satisfy physiological demands to accomplish nitrogen equilibrium. The same principle was applied to estimate EARs and RNIs, for adults in DRIs conducted in 2015 and 2020 in Koreans. EAR was estimated to be 0.73 g/kg body weight/day, according to data (0.66 g/kg body weight/day) obtained using the nitrogen balance method and adjusted by efficiency of protein use (90%). RNI was calculated as EAR increased by an amount equal to twice the standard deviation of an age group so as to cover 97.5% of the group and was found to be 0.91 g/kg body weight/day. For weaned infants, children, and adolescents, growth requirement was added to estimate EAR. In particular, growth requirement was adjusted by efficiency of protein use in the revised EAR, which led to higher EARs for weaned infants, children, and adolescents of both genders as compared with 2015 DRIs. The AMDR for protein was set at 7%-20% of energy intake, which was the same as 2015 DRIs. Current, average protein intake by the Korean population is almost twice times the EAR, which suggests it might be better to increase the minimal margin for AMDR. However, it was not adjusted in this revision due to lack of evidence.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2022

Nutrition dictates nearly all biological processes and determines Darwinian fitness in all living organisms, including insects. Research on insect nutrition has a long history in the field of insect physiology and the importance of understanding insect nutrition has become increasingly apparent with the growing need for producing insects as food and feed. Nevertheless, it is only in recent years that we have witnessed a major breakthrough in our knowledge of insect nutrition. The multivariate, interactive, and dynamic nature of nutrition has long hampered our complete understanding of insect nutrition. However, the challenge posed by such nutritional complexity has been overcome with the advent of the Nutritional Geometry, which is an integrative and multidimensional framework that enabled us to model complex interactions between multiple nutrients. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts and principles of the Nutritional Geometry and describe how this innovative framework has revolutionized the field of insect nutrition and has placed nutrition in the centre of the interface between physiology, ecology, and evolution. We close this review by discussing potentially fertile research areas that can benefit tremendously from the application of this powerful nutritional paradigm in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 1982

In 1980, rice was considerably damaged by abnormal low temperature. In this paper, to determine the effect of low temperature on the growth and nutrition of rice, the experiment were carried out: varietal response to low temperature in the region with different elevations. Regional differences of heading response to low temperature were observed among varieties. The difference of days between regions were bigger in tongil lines than Japonica lines. Especially, Milyang 42 and Hangangchalbeo might belong the cold suceptible group, since the varieties were severely delayed their heading in the high mountainous region as comparred to plain region. The delay of heading with low temperature was brought out grain sterility, and fertility and ripening ratio is influenced cold tolerance and elevations, and it's decreased yield. Varieties with higher grain sterility by low temperature have higher total nitrogen content, but tended to have lower potassium and phosphate contents in the flag leaf. High content of total nitrogen, low contents of potassium and silicate were observed in the sterilized grain chaff an the opposite result were noted in the ferilized grain chaff at the ripening stage. The results reveal that the balance of these mineral element may play an important role in ripening and possibly cold tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 2001

The fluxes of wet deposition(WD), throughfall(TF), stemflow(SF) and soil leachates were measured to understand base cation budgets on deciduous ecosystem impacted by acidic deposition in the north-western part of Tomakomai in Hokkaido, Japan. The flux of $H^{+}$ for wet deposition was $0.34kmo1_{c}$ $ha^{2+}$ and the flux of base cation, $K^{+}$ /, Na$^{ + }$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ far throughfall plus stemflow wart 1.6 kmolc $ha^{-1}$ , 3 times higher level than that for wet deposition. The flux of base cation for canopy leaching(LI) was 0.95 kmolc ha$^{-1}$ , 2.8 times higher level than $H^{+}$ sources in wet deposition. The major mechanism of $^{+}$ consumption closely related to acidic neutralizing capacity of canopy. The ionic flux for soil leachates from Boil reservoir and proton consumption in soil was dependent on soil chemical states and exchangeable Ca in soil had a major factor of H$^{+ }$ consumption. The base cation budgets on deciduous ecosystem showed positive balance fur Na, Ca and Mg, while K was the negative value.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1831-1841
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• 2023

Objective: This study was realized to evaluate the effects of supplementation with blends of water and fat-soluble vitamins on animal performance and carcass traits of young Nellore bulls. Methods: Forty-three Nellore bulls, with an initial weight of 261±27.3 kg and a mean age of 8±1.0 months, were used. Five animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), to determine the initial empty body weight of the bulls that remained in the experiment. The remaining 38 bulls were fed ad libitum and distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2×2 factorial scheme, with or without supplementation of water-soluble (B-blend+ or B-blend-) and fat-soluble (ADE+ or ADE-) vitamin blends. Diets were isonitrogenous (120 g of crude protein/kg dry matter [DM] of total mixed ration) and consisted of a roughage:concentrate rate of 30:70 based on total DM of diet. The experiment lasted 170 days, with 30 days of adaptation and 140 days for data collection. At the beginning and end of the experimental period, the bulls were weighed to determine the average daily gain. To estimate the apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbial efficiency, spot collections of feces and urine were performed for five consecutive days. Results: DM, ashes, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber corrected for residual ash and residual nitrogenous, and N intake and apparent digestibility were not influenced by vitamin supplementation, but total digestible nutrients intake and non-fibrous carbohydrates digestibility were influenced by B complex vitamin supplementation. Nitrogen balance, microbial efficiency, and performance data were not influenced (p>0.05) by vitamin supplementation. Conclusion: Vitamin supplementation (a blend of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins or their combinations) does not influence the animal performance and carcass traits of young Nellore bulls.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2007

In order to understand biogeochemical cycles of organic carbon in the permeable intertidal sandy sediments of the Nakdong estuary, we estimated the organic carbon production and consumption rates both in situ and in the laboratory. The Chl-a content of the sediment and the nutrient concentrations in below surface pore water in the sandy sediment were lower than in the muddy sediment. The sediment oxygen consumption rates were relatively high, especially when compared with rates reported from other coastal muddy sediments with higher organic carbon contents. This implied that both the organic carbon degradation and material transport in the sandy sediment were enhanced by advection-related process. The simple mass balance estimation of organic carbon fluxes showed that the major sources of carbon in the sediment would originate from benthic microalgae and detrital organic carbon derived from salt marsh. The daily natural biocatalzed filtration, extrapolated from filtration rates and the total area of the Nakdong estuary, was one order higher than the maximum capability of sewage plants in Busan metropolitan city. This implies that the sandy sediment contributes greatly to biogeochemical purification in the area, and is important for the re-distribution of materials in the coastal environment.