• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2014

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of crude glycerin (CGLY) in diets on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and nitrogen utilization of goats. Four male crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) goats, with an average initial weight of $26{\pm}3.0$ kg, were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with four 21 days consecutive periods. Treatments diets contained 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of dietary DM of CGLY. Based on this experiment, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatment groups regarding DM intake and digestion coefficients of nutrients (DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF). Likewise, mean serum glucose, BHBA, and PCV concentrations were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments, whereas serum insulin concentration linearly increased (L, p = 0.002) with increasing the amount of CGLY supplementation. Ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N, and BUN concentration were unchanged by dietary treatments, except for 20% of CGLY, $NH_3$-N, and BUN were lower (p<0.05) than for the diets 10% of CGLY, while the difference between the diets 0%, 5%, and 20% of CGLY were not significant. The amount of N absorption and retention were similar among treatments. Based on this study, CGLY levels up to 20% in total mixed ration could be efficiently utilized for goats and this study elucidates a good approach to exploiting the use of biodiesel production for goat production.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.743-757
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, blood lipids and bone density of male(n=69) and female(n=71) according to the obesity index by %Fat. The average energy intakes of obesity group was higher than normal group in male & female(p<0.001). The protein and fat intakes among three energy nutrients for male were higher than normal group(p<0.05~0.01), and carbohydrate intake of obesity group in female was higher than the other groups. TG, TC/HDL, blood glucose, blood pressure in male were higher than female(p<0.01~0.001), but HDL in male was lower than female. TC/HDL and diastolic blood pressure of obesity group were higher than normal group in male(p<0.05), but had not significant in female. Blood glucose in male was higher than female(p<0.001). T-score of forearm(=-1.26) and calcaneus(=0.42) for female were lower than male(=-0.63, 0.83), and T-score of calcaneus for obesity group(=1.03) in female was higher than normal group(=0.10). The T-score of forearm for obesity group in female was higher than the other group, but was not significant. These results suggest that ratio among three energy nutrients was kept balance for obesity group, especially, fat must be reduced in male than female, carbohydrate will be reduced in female than male to prevent obesity. Nutritional education for treatment obesity to prevent hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis is important for male too. T-score of forearm was lower than calcaneus in female, so exercise with arm than leg would be required to accumulate calcium in bone and to increase muscle to prevent osteoporosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1245-1248
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• 2000

In order to ascertain the influence of supplemental iodine on nutrient utilisation by goats fed a leucaena leucocephala leaf meal containing diet, 8 adult male goats (2 years; $22.3{\pm}1.73kg$) were randomly allocated into two groups, viz. control and experimental. Both the groups were fed a diet comprising of wheat bran, leucaena leaf meal and wheat straw ad lib. In addition, the experimental animals were given extra iodine at 0.04 mg/head/day (as KI soln.). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration conducted after 13 weeks of experimental feeding revealed that the daily DM intake $(g/W^{0.75})$ increased significantly due to iodine supplementation. Similar was the case with the intakes of DCP and ME. The digestibility of CP and EE showed significant improvement in the experimental group while that of DM, OM and total carbohydrates did not vary significantly between the two groups. The animals of control group were in negative nitrogen balance, which improved significantly and become positive in the experimental group. Moreover, the control animals lose weight apparently in contrast to the experimental animals, who maintained their weights. While iodine supplementation tended to enhance phosphorus retention that of calcium exhibited significant improvement. Conclusively, provision of extra iodine to Leucaena containing diet may prove beneficial in augmenting the nutrient utilization of this protein rich tropical forage.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of adding phytase on nutrient availability and serum Ca and P level and to determine the effects of phytase on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. In Exp. 1, twenty four laying hens(1.9kg average body weight and 78.4% egg production) were allotted to four treatments. Treatments included 1) corn-soybean meal based-control diet and 2), 3) and 4) control diet with phytase 200, 400 and 600 unit/kg, respectively. There were no significant effects of treatments on dry matter and nitrogen digestibility(P〉0.05). Ash, Ca and P digestibility in layer fed diet with phytase were greater than those in layer fed control diet(P〈0.05). Laying hens fed diets with phytase 200 and 400 unit retained more Ca than those fed other treatments (P〈0.05). No statistical difference was found for Ca exsretion(P〉0.05). P retention was greater for laying hens fed diet phytase 600 unit than other treaments(P〈0.05). P level in serum was higher for laying hens fed diets with phytase 400 and 600 unit than for laying hens fed other treatments. In Exp. 2, three hundred, IAS Brown layer, 40-week-old, divided into two treatment groups(control vs phytase supplementation without inorganic phosphate in the diets) with five replications per treatment and 30 layers per replication were fed the diets for 6 weeks. Egg production, egg weight and eggshell breaking strength and thickness were not different significantly(P〉0.05). In conclusion, phytase supplementation can be used to increase P utilization and retention in laying hens. Also, phytase supplementation was effective to spare inorganic phosphate in laying hen diets without any adverse effects on production performances.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.8-14
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• 2007

Water quality in Lake Rotorua, New Zealand, deteriorated since the 1960s because of excessive phytoplankton growths due principally to increasing nitrogen and phosphorus in the lake waters. Nutrient concentrations in eight of the nine major streams feeding Lake Rotorua have increased since 1965. The groundwater system has a key role in the hydrology of the Lake Rotorua catchment and the groundwater system is probably the control on the time delay between intensification of agricultural land use and response of surface water quality. All major, and many minor streams, in the catchment are fed by springs. Two lithological units are most important to groundwater flow in the Lake Rotorua catchment: Mamaku Ignimbrite, erupted in about 200,000 years ago and Huka Formation sediments which filled the caldera left by the Mamaku Ignimbrite eruption. Rainfall recharge to groundwater in the groundwater catchment of Lake Rotorua is estimated as approximately 17300 L/s. A calibrated steady-state groundwater flow model estimates that approximately 11100 L/s of this flow discharges into streams and then into the lake and the balance travels directly to Lake Rotorua as groundwater discharge through the lake bed. Land use has impacted on groundwater quality. Median Total Nitrogen (TN) values for shallow groundwater sites are highest for the dairy land use (5.965 mg/L). Median TN values are also relatively high for shallow sites with urban-road and cropping land uses (4.710 and 3.620 mg/L, respectively). Median TN values for all other uses are in the 1.4 to 1.5 mg/L range. Policy development for Lake Rotorua includes defining regional policies on water and land management and setting an action plan for Lake Rotorua restoration. Aims in the action plan include: definition of the current nutrient budget for Lake Rotorua, identification of nutrient reduction targets and identification of actions to achieve targets. Current actions to restore Lake Rotorua water quality include: treatment of Tikitere geothermal nitrogen inputs to Lake Rotorua, upgrade of Rotorua City sewage plant, new sewage reticulation and alum dosing in selected streams to remove phosphorus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake, diversity and prevalence of diseases according to noodle consumption using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2010. Korean adults (>20) were classified into two groups, noodle group (NG) and non-noodle group (NNG). NG was found to have higher intakes of protein, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, and niacin. The DVS and DDS according to noodle consumption were found to be 21.76 and 3.51 for NG, and 18.56 and 3.40 for NNG, this result was thought to show that the diet of NG was more satisfactory than that of NNG in terms of dietary diversity. In the bone mass of entire subjects, NG showed higher figures in the femoral neck and lumbar spine than NNG. For bone mineral density, NG exhibited higher figures in the femoral neck, and for T-scores, the values of NG was significantly higher in the femoral neck than those of NNG. However, the prevalence of osteoporosis of NG and NNG was 11.6% and 9.5%. The prevalence of osteopenia of NG and NNG was 43.0% and 51.7%. Thus, these results showed that overall bone health of NG was better than that of NNG. Dietary balance and quality were also more satisfactory in NG. These results showed that noodle consumption may have an impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.703-709
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• 2011

This study was conducted at Korea's typical soil, loamy soil, to figure out the effect of how barley green manure (B), hairy vetch (HV) and the mixed-planting hairy vetch with barley green manure (HV/B) affecting on the yield of rice, usage of nutrient and soil characteristics. Supplying amount of nitrogen from HV, HV/B and B were 172.8 kg $ha^{-1}$, 64.3 kg $ha^{-1}$ and 38.6 kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. Hairy vetch had the highest plant height and SPAD of rice and next was hairy vetch/barley, chemical fertilizer (CF), none fertilizer (NF), and green manure barley. The amount of rice yield was 5.51 ton $ha^{-1}$ with HV, and 4.24 ton $ha^{-1}$ with HV/B. The chemical characteristics of soil showed lower pH and exchangeable cations (Ca and Mg) at B, HV and HV/B plot rather than that of chemical fertilizer (CF) plot. However, the physical characteristics of soil and the porosity rate showed better tendency at the green manure crops than CF. Nitrogen nutrient balance was showed the most balanced at CF, otherwise field of application of green manure crops were required the appropriate nutrition management if future crops would be cultivated because nitrogen nutrient could be devastated or accumulated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2010

The effects of four types of tropical protein-rich trees on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion and blood metabolites in four Thai Brahman cattle (290${\pm}$2.5 kg) were studied. The animals were fed twice daily, with each feeding consisting of 1 kg (fresh weight) rice straw and one of the four dietary supplements: i) 1.98 kg oven-dried rain tree pods (RTP) and 20 g premix (RTPP), ii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried leucaena leaves and 20 g premix (LLRT), iii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried cassia leaves and 20 g premix (CLRT) and iv) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried mulberry leaves and 20 g premix (MLRT). The apparent dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT supplement than in those fed the other supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT and MLRT supplements than in those fed the other supplements. The N-balance of cattle fed LLRT and CLRT supplements was higher (p<0.05) than in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of N was highest (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement, compared to the other supplements. Allantoin and PD excretion in the urine, and the ratios of allantoin/DOMI and PD/DOMI were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT than for those fed LLRT and CLRT supplements. Plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate (${\beta}$-HBA) and insulin concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement than in those fed the other supplements. The study demonstrated the value of using local multipurpose trees (MPTs) to improve Brahman cattle feeding systems in the tropics.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the energy expenditure of normal-weight and overweight Korean middle-aged women (40-60 yr). Middle-aged oveweight ($BMI\;{\geq}\;25$, n= 20) and normal-weight women were ($BMI\;{\leq}\;23$, n = 20) were recruited in Seoul. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, energy intake, daily activity time, and energy costs of some daily activities were measured. Energy expenditure at rest and while reading the newspaper, washing dishes, mopping the floor, and walking on a treadmill at 1.0, 2.0, 3.5mph were measured by indirect calorimeter and total daily energy expenditure was estimated by summation of energy costs of different activities. The overweight group had significantly higher values of body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, thigh circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WTR, WHR, body surface area, percentage body fat, fat mass, fat free mass (FFM), and muscle mass compared to normal-weight group. The energy intakes of both groups were close to RDA and other nutrient intake status was also satisfactory. There were no significant differences in intakes of energy and nutrients between the two groups. Overweight subjects showed lower energy expenditure per kg body weight for reading the newspaper, washing dishes and mopping the floor, and walking on a treadmill at 2.0 and 3.5 mph, however, energy expenditure per kg FFM did not differ between the two groups. Daily energy expenditure for all activities was significantly higher in the overweight compared to the normal-weight group due to higher body weight. Both overweight and normal-weight groups showed negative energy balance between energy intake and energy expenditure, and there was no significant difference in energy balance between the two roups. Total daily energy expenditure correlated highly with FFM and body surface area. The result of present study does not offer an explanation on the energy imbalance and weight gain of overweight women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.628-645
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary habits of the elderly using the nutrition quotient for the elderly (NQ-E) and to analyze the differences in the NQ-E according to their levels of oral health. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The survey was administered to 123 elderly people receiving congregate meal services in Seoul. The questionnaire comprised 3 domains: oral health status, general characteristics, and the NQ-E for the elderly. RESULTS: The respondents were divided into 2 groups based on the average score of their levels of oral health (the group with high oral health scores: 4.42 points and the group with low oral health scores: 2.89 points). As a result of evaluating nutritional status using the NQ-E, it was found that the average NQ-E score was 58.7 points, with 46.0 points in the balance domain, 47.0 points in the diversity domain, 72.9 points in the moderation domain, and 61.8 points in the dietary behavior domain. The NQ-E score (62.3 points) of the group with high oral health scores is significantly higher than the NQ-E score (54.7 points) of the group with low oral health scores (P < 0.001). Concerning the NQ domain scores, the elderly with good oral health status had "favorable" results in terms of balance and dietary behavior, and the elderly with poor oral health status had "favorable" results only in terms of balance. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, several dietary areas needed improvement in general. Those with poor oral health conditions urgently needed to improve related factors to minimize the risk of increasing imbalanced nutrition and comorbidities due to insufficient nutrition and undesirable eating habits.