• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.407-418
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an eye-health program based on social learning theory (EPST) of preschoolers and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was utilized and 141 six-year-old preschoolers and their parents participated (experimental group=69, control group=72) in the study. The EPST in this study included eye-health education and eye exercises. Attention, memory, replay, motivation, reinforcement, and self-efficacy were used as interventional strategies. To examine the effectiveness of EPST, proficiency in eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 21.0 using the Shapiro-Wilk test, ${\chi}^2$-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Following the intervention, eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that EPST is effective in improving eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity in preschoolers, and its wider implementation in educational institutions will promise improved eye-health among preschoolers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.449-458
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to level of satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers. Methods: Participants were 359 mothers of firstborn healthy preschoolers. The questionnaires were collected from August 1 to November 21, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The mean score for degree of mothers' parenting satisfaction was 5.94 out of 7. There were significant differences in the level of parenting satisfaction according to mother's job (t=2.48, p=.014), planned pregnancy (t=3.07, p=.002), number of children (t=2.22, p=.027), and parenting education (F=4.33, p=.005). The environmental variables of age of spouse (F=3.06, p=.048) and monthly income of the household (F=2.87, p=.036) also seemed to have an influence. Analysis of predictors such as the mother's job, planned pregnancy, parenting education, overall health problems, parenting stress, perception of emotional status and behaviors in children, age of spouse, and spouse's support explained 31.5% of the variance in mother's parenting satisfaction. Conclusion: The results suggest a need to develop nursing intervention programs for parenting stress reduction, and health programs for fathers to support mothers' child rearing.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the health care management status of preschoolers depending on the children's characteristics. Methods: The sample of this study were 212 mothers of preschoolers attending Child Care Centers in three cities, Seoul, Daejon, and Suwon, in Korea. A self administered questionnaire developed by investigators was used to collect data from September 15 to October 31, 2002. Data was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 Win program. Results: 5.7% of the children had not completed their vaccination programs. Children who were second or later birth order showed less complete vaccination rates than firstborn babies. Children who had working mothers showed less complete vaccination rates than those whose mothers did not work. Among the various vaccinations, the DPT and MMR booster vaccination rates were the lowest. Home safety scores were higher when mothers have younger children. higher monthly incomes and reside in apartment type houses. Forty one(41%) of the preschoolers experienced accidents, and the accident rate was higher in boys and children with easy temperament. The most frequently experienced accident was laceration. Twenty eight point eight percent(28.8%) of the children experienced hospitalization because of various diseases. Most of the mothers perceived their children healthy. However, children who were second or third born were perceived less as healthy. Children in families with less monthly income were perceived as less healthy. Conclusions: This study provided basic data about preschoolers' health care management status focusing on vaccinations and accident rates. More attention should be paid to preschoolers' health and safety. Related factors found in this study should be considered when providing anticipatory guidance for parents.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.358-367
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of a smoking prevention program among preschool children. Method: This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 141 preschool children aged 6 or 7 at two childcare centers in Jecheon City, who were divided into an experimental group (n=66) and a control group (n=75). The smoking prevention program was applied through 9 sessions and 30 minutes per session. Surveys were conducted before and after the smoking prevention program to examine the preschoolers' knowledge and attitude toward smoking and smoking coping behavior. Results: There were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in smoking knowledge (t=-2.02, p=.044) and smoking coping behavior (t=-2.01 p=.047), but smoking attitude (t=-1.20, p=.230) was not statistically significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: As a result, further research is needed into the long term effects of a smoking prevention program on the future behavior of preschoolers so that the health benefits of early prevention can be quantified. It is necessary for parents to participate actively in influencing preschoolers' attitudes and behaviors with regard to the avoidance of smoking.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.220-228
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to measure adiposity and to investigate related factors in preschoolers born prematurely. Methods: A longitudinal follow-up study was conducted with 52 preschoolers at 5 years of corrected age among 343 preterm infants. Their adiposity status was evaluated based on measurements of body mass index, subscapular and triceps skin fold thickness (SFT), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and mid-arm circumference at a home visit. Results: The findings showed that SFT measurements, particularly at the triceps, reflected the degree of adiposity more accurately than other conventional measures. A shorter gestation, older maternal age, and the mother having more years of formal education were associated with higher levels of adiposity in the preschoolers. Conclusion: The adiposity of children born prematurely needs to be thoroughly monitored with additional SFT measurements, considering the risk of accelerated growth patterns overriding regular catch-up growth in children born prematurely.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.914-922
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the effect of tooth-brushing education on the oral health of preschoolers. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was used. Two kindergartens were selected and 39 preschoolers from one kindergarten were assigned to the experimental group with tooth-brushing education and 39 from the other kindergarten to the control group. The tooth-brushing education program included 1 session on oral health education, individual tooth-brushing instruction for 1 week and supervised tooth-brushing after lunch for 4 weeks. Oral health behavior including use of tooth paste, tooth-brushing time and method of tooth-brushing, plague, streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus and dental caries were measured before and after the education. Fisher's exact test, t-test and paired t-test with the Window SAS 9.1 program were used to analyze the data. Results: A significant increase in the use of tooth paste, tooth-brushing time and the practice of correct tooth-brushing and a decrease in plague and development of dental caries were observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: This tooth-brushing education was partially effective in improving oral health of preschoolers.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2003

This descriptive study was conducted to explore the mothers' perceived temperament of their preschoolers, and its related factors. Survey from 212 mothers of preschoolers residing in Seoul, Daejeon, and Suwon was performed, and Schaefer's MBRI(Maternal Behavior Research Instrument), and PTQ(Parent Temperament Questionnaire) by Thomas and Chess, Child-rearing burden instrument by Han were used to collect data from September 15 to October 31, 2002. Data was analyzed with SPSS 10.0 Win program. Summaries of results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in temperament type-easy or difficult child-depending upon the demographic characteristics. 2. In temperament subscale, boys showed higher activity level than girls, and in working mothers group, adaptability was significantly lower although mood was higher. Preschoolers with expanded families were higher in activity level and intensity of reaction than with nuclear families. 3. Approach-withdrawal, adaptability, and mood showed significant negative relationship with maternal childrearing burden. 4. Temperament showed significant positive or negative relationship with maternal childrearing attitudes. In conclusion, it determined preschoolers' temperament was affected by primary environment such as maternal attitude, childrearing burden, and family type as well as children's gender. It was suggested that parent education and counselling program in nursing would be needed to promote children's desirable temperament.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.262-269
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a health education program for child care workers of infants, toddlers and preschoolers to improve their care ability. The program provided child care teachers and children with information on how to take care of their health. Method: This program development was based on a systematic design of instruction by Dick & Carey(1996). The process included a review of literature, setting an instructional goal, getting advice from various experts, designing instruction and instructional medias, designing formative evaluation, revising the program and making a summative evaluations. Result: The products of this program were the 'Teachers Guide Book & CD-ROM.' The guide book included health education programs for infants, toddlers and preschoolers. The infant program included a basic baby care program for teachers. The toddlers and preschoolers program included basic health promotion, dental health, nutrition management, communicable disease prevention, substance abuse prevention and a safety program. Conclusion: These programs provided a systematic content of health education for children and their teachers, and useful data which can be applied to child care centers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.349-357
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• 1999

Injuries are important causes of death and disability. The Purpose of this study was to determine how often preschoolers have injuries and what factors affect the injury occurrences. The sample consisted of 360 Preschoolers who were registered at eight nurseries located in Sedaemoongu. Seoul. The data were analyzed using the SAS PC statistical package. The results of the study are as follows: During last 12 months 73.1% of 360 preschoolers had accidental injuries In an analysis of the location where the injury took place, showed that the most places were in the nursery(17.3%) and around home(14.4%), and the most place inside home were in the bedroom(13.9%) and living room(13.9%). There were the diverse and injurious risks inside the home as well as around home. The most frequent type of injury was abrasion(27.5%) and most children injured their legs(28.3%). They were treated most frequently at home(52.8%) and usually emergency treatment was performed by family members with disinfection being the main type of first aid To identify factors related to injury occurrence, multiple logistic regression was performed and the main factors were the age of child, active tendency, and mother's education level.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of illustrated children's book in providing information about tonsillectomy to improve post tonsillectomy pain control and compliance to treatment for preschoolers. Methods: The design of the study was a quasi-experimental, post-test only design. Subjects were preschoolers aged between 3 and 7 years old who were admitted to a hospital for tonsillectomy. A group of 25 children were assigned to an experimental group, and another 25 were assigned to a control group. The data were analysed using SPSS 12.0 program. The homogeneity between two groups was examined using $x^2-test$. The hypotheses testing was conducted using t-test. Results: The experimental group had lower pain score than control group at 8 hour after tonsillectomy (p<.05). Pain score was also lower in the experimental group after 24 hour after the surgery (p<.05). The experimental group had higher pain questionnaire score than control group at 8 hours after surgery, however the difference was not significant. The experimental group showed better compliance to treatment than the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: Providing illustrated children's book for the purpose of providing information about tonsillectomy was effective intervention for the control of post tonsillectomy pain and improvement of compliance to treatment for preschoolers. Illustrated children's book could be applied as a nursing intervention to relieve post tonsillectomy pain and improve compliance to treatment for preschoolers.