• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-26
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• 2000

In Japan, a new nursing insurance system was enforced in April 2000, where premiums were paid according to the level of necessary care. Our project, Nutrition Care and Management(NCM) for the elderly was started in 1995, funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. The NCM project was to provide appropriate nutrition care for the elderly and to see that it effectively functions as part of the health care services. There were 4 stages to the project : the first stage was to find out the PEM status among the elderly patients in hospital and home-care settings in Japan. The 2nd stage was to develop and evaluate nutritional assessment methods, anthropometry, resting energy expenditure measuring methods using of portable indirect calorimeter, and the convenient protein energy intake assessment methods, etc. for the elderly patients with PEM risk. The 3rd stage was to examine the effectiveness of the nutrition care plan induced of protein energy supplement and team care in improving nutrition among the elderly patients. The last stage was to develop the NCM set for the elderly patient based on the past three years of scientific evidence. it is expected that the NCM system for the elderly will provide adequate nutritional care management, improve the elderly care environment and create effective resource management.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.510-519
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the factors influencing service quality in nursing homes, and to develop an evaluation instrument for service quality. Methods: A three-phase process was employed for the study. 1) The important factors to evaluate the service quality in nursing homes were identified through a literature review, panel discussion and focus group interview, 2) the evaluation instrument was developed, and 3) validity and reliability of the study instrument were tested by factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Cohen's Kappa. Results: Factor analysis showed that the factors influencing service quality in nursing homes were healthcare, diet/assistance, therapy, environment and staff. To improve objectivity of the instrument, quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation approaches were adopted. The study instrument was developed with 30 items and showed acceptable construct validity. The criterion-related validity was a Pearson correlation coefficient of .85 in 151 care facilities. The internal consistency was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.95. Conclusion: The instrument has acceptable validity and a high degree of reliability. Staff in nursing homes can continuously improve and manage their services using the results of the evaluation instrument.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.242-253
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• 2016

Purpose: This research aims to understand the perceptions of nursing homes from the perspective of the elderly, explores the themes of such perception and provides supporting evidence for developing nursing intervention that focuses on the subjects of care within nursing homes. Methods: This research is based on qualitative research in a phenomenological methodology. The research participants included elders aged 67~83 living at home in Jeonnam, Jeonbuk Provinces and G City. Data collection methodologies included in-depth interviews and observation of participants. The data were analyzed in the phenomenological methodology by Colaizzi. Results: As a result of the research, it was found that all significant statements about the Korean elders' perception of nursing homes fell within 3 categories with 9 major themes and 23 minor themes. The three observed categories for the Korean elders' perception on nursing homes were: 'places they do not like to be in', 'places they have to be in' and 'places that makes them feel fortunate as they have a place to go'. Conclusion: This research provides foundational tools that will provide a steer for changes in nursing environment, physiological support, programs and education so that the needs of the elderly can be met more sufficiently.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2001

Recent research indicates that the new mothers want to learn about childrearing, and have burden in care of infants. Also it indicates that the new mothers say the lack of confidence and knowledge about infant care. This study was a prospective longitudinal reseach developing parent role education program and evaluating the effectiveness of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. Longitudinal quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their mothers. The sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to December 14th in 1999. For the intervention group received programmed education that was consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting for maternal education. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program. This study was focused on the results of six months time point. The results were as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean score of mother-infant interaction(NCAST) between two groups. Intervention group showed higher scores in the subscales of sensitivity to cues, cognitive growth fostering, and caregiver total. 2. There was no significant difference in the mean score of child rearing environment (HOME) between two groups of six-month-infants. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of opportunities for variety in daily stimulation, maternal involvement with child, and emotional, verbal response. 3. Six-month-infants of the intervention group showed significantly higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale. In conclusion, the maternal education program was effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results were very meaningful that we found parent role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to explore the best examples from Japan to derive spatial and institutional characteristics. This study used the field survey method for 6 elderly welfare facilities in Japan. The characteristics of local friendly facility are as follows; First of all, since elderly care facilities in South Korea are separated from local community and facility plans are large-scaled and unified which are disconnected from local area, this research set aging in community, multi-function, diversity, and intergeneration into the concept that is necessary for local friendly facilities. Secondly, residential environment plan's basic directions are 1) plan that minimizes facilities-like atmosphere, 2) spatial plan that focuses on the elderly dignity and privacy, 3) comfortable and enjoyable communal living space plan, 4) local friendly and communicating plan, 5)plan that minimizes staff's care giving burden. Thirdly, the rooms necessary for local friendly facility model are composed of bedroom, dining room, kitchen, living room, garden, toilet, laundry room, bathroom, corridor, and office based on the legal installation standards.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.880-891
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was (1)to undertake a survey to identify the profile of inactive nurses, who account for 42.2% of the 130,000 RN(Registered Nurses) in Korea, (2)to identify factors related to the inactivation of these nurses, (3)to identify reasons behind the high turnover rate of nurses, and (4)to delineate measures for inactive nurses to participate in professional nursing activities so as to upgrade the quality of the health care delivery system in Korea. For these purposes, this study surveyed existing literature on the turnover of nurses and, used the nominal group technique of action research, to collect ideas from hospital/nurse administrators, inactive nurses, nurses on the job, graduate students in nursing, part-time nurses, patients, and their families to formulate strategies to mobilize inactive nurses. The findings are as follows : Frist, institutional supports should be provided to mobilize inactive nurses. To be more specific : (1) A data-base needs be created at the Korean Nurses Association to link inactive nurses with jobs available. (2) Retraining programs need be established to equip inactive nurses for new jobs. (3) Comprehensive information related to employment needs should be made available. Second, a conducive environment needs to be created to draw in inactive nurses to the job market. To be more specific : (1) A system of part-time work needs to be introduced in hospitals. (2) Nurse-specialists need to be promoted. (3) Potential jobs need to be created. (4) Working environment and terms and conditions for nurses need to be improved. (5) Competent nurses need to be secured in the health care delivery system. To achieve the goals presented above, this paper presented 55 specific strategies that may help mitigate the turnover rate of nurses and, in turn, help make the Korean Nurses Association effective in implementing its policies.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-19
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify therapeutic play need and the degree of the nurses's therapeutic play performances perceived by hospitalized children's mothers, and then to compare the difference between the degree of the need and perceived performances. The subjects of this study consist of 121 hospitalized children's mothers. A questionaire for this study was 29 item likert type 4 point scale developed on the basis of literature review, hospitalized children's mother interview and researcher's clinical experiences. Data was analyzed by Paired t-test, t-test, ANOVA & Duncan's comparison. Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The degree of the therapeutic play need was measured to be high (3.20). The degree of perceived therapeutic play need by five components were followed as : physiologic suffering relief & enhancing play (3.39), growth & development facilitating play (3.26), instructional play (3.24), emotional well-being promoting play (3.18) and providing play tool & environment(2.97). 2.The degree of the nurse's therapeutic play performances perceived by mothers was measured to be low (1.60). The degree of perceived performances of the therapeutic play by the five components were followed as : physiologic suffering relief & enhancing play (1.87), instructional play (1.74), emotional well-being promoting play (1.64), providing play tool & environment (1.44) and growth&development facilitating play (1.42). 3. The difference between the degree of the therapeutic play need and nurese's perfor- mances perceived by hospitalized children's mothers were significant statistically (t= 38.54, p=.0001). Also, five components of therapeutic play were significant statistically (p=.0001). Therapeutic play has unique benefits among health care intervention for children. These findings will help in building of the theoretical framework of therapeutic play and enhancing the quality of nursing care for hospitalized children. Therapeutic play program for hospitalized children according to child growth & development and physiologic status are recommended to be developed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.259-279
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• 2000

This study is a descriptive analytic research measuring nursing service quality, using SERVQUAL model, to make fundamental data and strategies for nursing service improvement. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from 202 patients and 142 nurses, from June 7 to 14, 1999. The reliability of instrument were adequate(Cronbach ${\alpha}=.94$). SAS program was utilized for statistical analysis of collected data. The results were as follows; 1. There was a gab between patient's expectation and perception on nursing service(Gap B). Gap D was indicated an affecting factor to decide nursing service quality. Gap C was indicated an indirect affecting factor of nursing service quality. Because it was not statistically significant in total item analysis, but in individual item analysis, 7 items were appeared statistically significant. Gap A was not a gap occurrence factor of nursing service quality. 2. Focuses of nursing service quality improvement strategies were; (1) to direct qualitative improvement of nursing service in order to correspondence patient's nursing service expectation. (2) to make nurse's service activity modified because nurse's practice were not reached patient's expectation level. (3) to need internal, external factor analysis affecting nurse's service activity. 3. Nursing service quality was decided by rather environmental inappropriateness provided nursing service than itself. Therefore, to make nursing service quality improvement, it is required to improve nursing service environment. For this, followings are required; (1) to strengthen nurse's education on lower part of nursing service satisfaction and QI activities. (2) to balance demand and supply of nursing personnel. 3) to fix computerized system for reducing other duties weight except nursing care through analysis of nursing activity. (4) to construct rational cooperating system among related departments. 4. The important parts for nursing service quality improvement were indicated as follows: (1) Gap B: 'prompt reaction', 'examination symptom before patient's complaint', 'hearted nursing service reducing patient's dissatisfaction', 'explanation goals of nursing activities', 'having special Knowledge enough', 'maintenance position comfortably', 'management of patient's physical hygiene'. (2) Gap C: 'maintenance physical safety', 'explanation about hospital rules and facilities'. (3) Gap D: 'tender, safe injection and wound care'. Because above items are mostly improved through nurse's attitude change and quality improvement, it is required to establish nursing standardization and to strengthen nurse's clinical education. As the based on above results, followings are suggested; 1. SERVQUAL model is very useful to make strategies for nursing service quality improvement because it indicates multiple factors affecting hap occurrence. 2. At individual items analysis of Gap C, statistically significant 7 items appeared higher nurse's perception level than patient's perception level on nursing service were trouble perception level on nursing service quality improvement. So. it need further research to analysis about these difference occurring factors. 3. At analysis of Gap D, it is indicated that in nursing service performance process, multiple factors lowing nursing service quality were intruded. So it needs further research to analysis what these factors are and how each factors affect on nursing performance process. 4. nursing service quality measurement is changeable according to sample select time or sampled subject's characteristics. So to develope strategy for nursing service quality improvement is based on the results of periodical analysis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the perceptions of patient safety culture, safety care knowledge, and safety care activity among nurses at orthopedic hospitals. Methods: Data were collected during Feb. 16 and Feb. 26, 2017, from 195 nurses of 9 small to medium sized orthopedic hospitals. Questionnaires about patient safety culture, safety care knowledge and activity were used. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff\acute{e}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The safety care activity was positively correlated with perceptions of patient safety culture (r=.50, p<.001) and knowledge (r=.48, p<.001). Factors that had influence on the safety care activity were the patient safety culture (${\beta}=.30$, p<.001), age (${\beta}=.27$, p<.001), and knowledge of the safety activity (${\beta}=.21$, p=.004). The patient safety care activity was explained 36.6% by those factors. Conclusion: To enhance the patient safety care activity, it should be provided the environment and open communication for the perceptions of patient safety culture and the in service education program for safety care knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.82-94
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to define the experiences of nursing activities in Gwangju area during the May 18 (5 18) Democratic Uprising over 30 years ago. Methods: Data were collected in 2010 and 2011 through individual in-depth interviews. Ten nurses who worked in general hospitals in the Gwangju area during the 5 18 Democratic Uprising were interviewed using open-ended questions. Each interview lasted about 2~3 hours. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Van Kaam's method of phenomenological analysis. Results: Four categories emerged from the analysis: anxiety about the incident which was experienced for the first time; progress of the 5 18 events and relationship to participants; changes in nursing environment; retrospection and wishes related to the 5 18 incident. Conclusion: This oral history study revealed more clearly of the experiences of nursing activities in the Gwangju area during the 5 18 Democratic Uprising. The data may provide a basis for writing history nursing in the community, and can be a basis for guidelines covering nursing care in crisis.