• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2017

The inhibitory effects of Asparagus cochinchinensis against inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), substance P and phthalic anhydride (PA) treatment were recently reported for some cell lines and animal models. To evaluate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of A. cochinchinensis toward the livers and kidneys of ICR mice, alterations in related markers including body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology were analyzed in male and female ICR mice after oral administration of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight/day saponin-enriched extract of A. cochinchinensis (SEAC) for 14 days. The saponin, total flavonoid and total phenol levels were found to be 57.2, 88.5 and 102.1 mg/g in SEAC, respectively, and the scavenging activity of SEAC gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, body and organ weight, clinical phenotypes, urine parameters and mice mortality did not differ between the vehicle and SEAC treated group. Furthermore, no significant alterations were measured in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Cr) in the SEAC treated group relative to the vehicle treated group. Moreover, the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds were not observed upon liver and kidney histological analysis. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that SEAC does not induce any specific toxicity in the livers and kidneys of male and female ICR mice at doses of 600 mg/kg body weight/day.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.99-123
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• 2018

본 연구는 노인장기요양보험 인정자 중에서 사망한 자의 임종 관련 의료비를 분석함으로써, 향후 임종 관련 의료비의 효율적 관리방안과 양질의 임종관리 제공방안을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 활용한 자료는 건강보험 및 노인장기요양보험 급여이용자료, 통계청 사망원인 통계자료이며, 2008년 7월 1일부터 2012년 12월 31일까지 장기요양 인정등급을 받고 같은 기간 내 사망한 자 총 271,474명을 최종 분석대상자로 하였다. 연구결과 대상자는 여성(60.6%), 75세 이상(74.7%)이 다수를 차지했고, 대부분이 2개 이상의 질환을 보유하고 있었으며, 특히 고혈압(44.3%), 치매(42.3%), 뇌졸중(29.9%) 등 비율이 높았다. 사망원인은 순환기계질환(29.8%), 암(15.3%), 선천성 기형, 변형 및 염색체 이상(14.7%) 등의 순이었고, 사망장소로는 의료기관(64.4%), 자택(22.0%), 사회복지시설(9.2%) 순이었다. 대상자의 등급인정 이후 사망까지 소요시간은 평균 516.2일이었고, 대상자 중 99.3%는 사망 전 1년간 건강보험 또는 장기요양보험 급여를 이용하였다. 특히, 1인당 평균 총 급여비는 사망한 달에 가까워질수록 규모가 커져, 사망 전 12개월 보다 사망 전 1개월에 3배 이상 높아졌다. 또한, 사망 전 1개월간 대상자의 31.8%는 연명치료 범위에 해당하는 치료를 받은 것으로 나타났다. 향후 장기요양 인정자의 임종 관련 불필요한 의료이용 감소 및 효율적 의료관리를 위해 건강보험과 장기요양보험 급여의 통합적 임종관리 전달체계 확립과 호스피스 등 임종케어의 적극적 도입을 제안한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.252-266
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 한국 성인의 건강행태군집 유형을 확인하고 이와 관련된 요인들을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2014년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이차분석 하였다. 음주, 흡연, 운동 및 영양 변수를 이용하여 19세 이상 성인을 대상으로 군집분석하였고, 이 유형들과 인구사회학적 특성 및 건강상태의 연관성을 확인하기 위해 SPSS WIN 22 복합표본 설계 모듈을 이용하여 카이제곱 검정과 다항로지스틱 분석을 실시하였다. 한국 성인의 건강행태군집 유형은 흡연군, 식습관군, 건강 관심군, 수동적 태도군 그리고 음주군의 총 6개 유형으로 분류되었고 수동적 태도군의 빈도가 26.0%로 가장 높았다. 건강행태 군집의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 분류된 군집과 건강행태변수를 이용해 판별분석한 결과 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 건강행태 군집은 성, 연령, 교육 수준, 직업, 소득 수준, 결혼 상태 및 지역 규모등 인구 사회학적 특성별로 분포가 달랐으며, 고혈압 및 당뇨와 같은 일부 만성질환의 유무별로도 다른 것으로 나타났다. 인구사회학적 특성, 지역, 고혈압 및 당뇨는 수동적 태도군 보다는 나머지 건강행태군집에 속하는 것과 유의한 연관을 보이는 변수였다. 본 연구 결과는 건강행태를 개별적으로 접근하기 보다는 군집으로 접근하는 것의 유용성에 대한 근거 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한간학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2018

Backgrounds/Aims: The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological, laboratory, and serological characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and normal transaminases. The study also aimed to evaluate liver damage by measuring the liver fibrosis (LF) grade and to identify possible factors associated with the presence of fibrosis. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with chronic HBV infection and classified as inactive carriers or immune-tolerant. Epidemiological variables of age, sex, immigrant, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), as well as virological variables (HBV DNA) and transaminase level were collected throughout the follow-up. The LF grade was evaluated by transient elastography. The cutoff value for significant fibrosis (SF) was liver stiffness ${\geq}7.9kPa$. Results: A total of 214 patients were included in the analysis, and 62% of them had a BMI ${\geq}25kg/m^2$. During follow-up, 4% of patients showed transaminase elevation (<1.5 times normal). Most patients had a viral DNA level <2,000 IU/mL (83%). Data on LF were available in 160 patients; of these, 14% had SF, 9% F3, and 6% F4. The variables associated with the presence of SF were transaminase alteration during follow-up, as 23% of patients with SF had elevated transaminases versus 3% of patients without SF (P<0.005), and BMI, as the vast majority of patients with SF (88%) had a BMI ${\geq}25kg/m^2$ versus 56% of patients without SF (P<0.05). Conclusions: In patients with chronic HBV infection and normal transaminases, liver damage does not seem to be related to DNA levels, alcohol consumption, or immigrant status. SF seems to be associated with transaminase alteration during follow-up and elevated BMI. It is therefore recommended to measure LF grade with validated non-invasive methods in such patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2021

Purpose: The impact of the interval between previous endoscopy and diagnosis on the treatment modality or mortality of undifferentiated (UD)-type gastric cancer is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endoscopic screening interval on the stage, cancer-related mortality, and treatment methods of UD-type gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of newly diagnosed patients with UD gastric cancer in 2013, in whom the interval between previous endoscopy and diagnosis could be determined. The patients were classified into different groups according to the period from the previous endoscopy to diagnosis (<12 months, 12-23 months, 24-35 months, ≥36 months, and no history of endoscopy), and the outcomes were compared between the groups. In addition, patients who underwent endoscopic and surgical treatment were reclassified based on the final treatment results. Results: The number of enrolled patients was 440, with males representing 64.1% of the study population; 11.8% of the participants reported that they had undergone endoscopy for the first time in their cancer diagnosis. The percentage of stage I cancer at diagnosis significantly decreased as the interval from the previous endoscopy to diagnosis increased (65.4%, 63.2%, 64.2%, 45.9%, and 35.2% for intervals of <12 months, 12-23 months, 24-35 months, ≥36 months, and no previous endoscopy, respectively, P<0.01). Cancer-related mortality was significantly lower for a 3-year interval of endoscopy (P<0.001). Conclusions: A 3-year interval of endoscopic screening reduces gastric-cancer-related mortality, particularly in cases of UD histology.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2021

Background: Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used as remedies with hepato-protective effects in liver-related condition. Microbiota related gut-liver axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We evaluated the effect of KRG on gut-liver axis in patients with nonalcoholic statohepatitis by the modulation of gut-microbiota. Methods: A total of 94 patients (KRG: 45 and placebo: 49) were prospectively randomized to receive KRG (2,000 mg/day, ginsenoside Rg1+Rb1+Rg3 4.5mg/g) or placebo during 30 days. Liver function test, cytokeraton 18, and fatigue score were measured. Gut microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq systems based on 16S rRNA genes. Results: In KRG group, the mean levels (before vs. after) of aspartate aminotransferase (53 ± 19 vs. 45 ± 23 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (75 ± 40 vs. 64 ± 39 IU/L) and fatigue score (33 ± 13 vs. 26 ± 13) were improved (p < 0.05). In placebo group, only fatigue score (34 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 15) was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The changes of phyla were not statistically significant on both groups. In KRG group, increased abundance of Lactobacillus was related with improved alanine aminotransferase level and increased abundance of Clostridium and Intestinibacter was associated with no improvement after KRG supplementation. In placebo group, increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae could be related with aggravation of liver enzyme (p < 0.05). Conclusion: KRG effectively improved liver enzymes and fatigue score by modulating gut-microbiota in patients with fatty liver disease. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClnicalTrials.gov: NCT03945123 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2021

이 연구는 강의 콘텐츠 만족도가 비대면 온라인수업 시 전반적인 학업 만족도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구는 수도권대학, 지방 대학, 외국 대학에 재학 중인 총 107명을 대상으로 2020년 8월 25일부터 2020년 9월 2일까지 일주일 동안 진행하였다. 국내는 초당대학교, 건국대학교, 한국외국어대학교 등을 포함한 37개 대학 72명, 해외는 University of Hawaii(UH), University of California Los Angeles(UCLA), National University of Singapore(NUS) 대학을 포함한 15개 대학 35명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 분석방법은 기술통계 및 카이제곱검증, 피셔의 정확한 검증, 선형 대 선형결합, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과 4학년에 비해 3학년이 0.025배, 실시간 온라인 및 녹화 혼합 강의에 비해 녹화된 인터넷 강의가 0.036배 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). '아니오'에 비해 '예'가 등록금 적정 여부에서 31.358배, 교수법 만족 여부에서는 19.709배, 학업 성취도의 경우 7.989배로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). 결론적으로, 학교생활에 대한 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 강의 콘텐츠의 질도 중요하지만, 학교의 다양한 학습 지원과 알맞은 교수법, 적절한 등록금과 성적 평가방식에 대한 전반적인 관리가 필요함을 시사한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Objectives : Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) possess various nutrients, it has been widely used as traditional cosmetic material in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidant activity and the anti-melanogenic effect of Yambean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract and its fractions. Methods : The anti-oxidant activity of yam bean extract assessed based on total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. To evaluate anti-melanogenic effects and cytotoxicity of Yambean extract and its fractions, B16F10 melanoma cell was used. Results : In results, total polyphenol content of yam bean water extract (YW) and Yambean 70% ethanol extract (YE) were $1.18{\pm}0.03mg/g$ (mg of gallic acid/g of sample), $1.16{\pm}0.01mg/g$. Total flavonoid contents of YW, YE were $3.55{\pm}0.06mg/g$ (mg of naringin/g of sample), $1.78{\pm}0.03mg/g$. Moreover, YE scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively in $4mg/m{\ell}$ compared to YW. Cytotoxicity of YE and its fractions in B16F10 melanoma cell was measured using MTT assays. It had no cytotoxicity up to $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Melanin accumulation in B16F10 melanoma cell was induced using alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). B16F10 melanoma cell treated with $10-500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ YE and hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, $H_2O$ fractions for 24h. Non treated B16F10 melanoma cell (Control) markedly increased melanin contents. In contrast, YE ethylacetate fraction effectively suppressed melanin accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : In conclusion, these results suggest that Yambean extract has the potential as a cosmetic material which possess anti-oxidant and anti-melanogenic activities.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2022

Objective: This experiment investigated the effects of supplementing vitamin D₃-fortified sow and progeny diets with 25(OH)D₃ on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, and pork meat quality. Methods: The present study involved the assessment of supplementing the diet of sows and their progeny with or without 25 (OH)D₃ in a 2×2 factorial arrangement on the performance and production characteristics of wean-finish pigs. Forty-eight multiparous sows were assigned to a basal diet containing 2000 IU/kg vitamin D₃ and supplemented without (CON) or with (TRT) 50 ㎍/kg 25 (OH)D₃. At weaning, a total of 80 pigs each from CON and TRT sows were allocated to weaning and growing-finishing basal diets fortified with 2,500 and 1,750 IU/kg vitamin D₃ respectively and supplemented without or with 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃. Results: Sows fed 25(OH)D₃-supplemented diets improved pre-weaning growth rate of nursing piglets. A significant sow and pig weaning diet effect was observed for growth rate and feed efficiency (p<0.05) during days 1 to 42 post-weaning. Pigs consuming 25(OH)D₃-supplemented diets gained weight faster (p = 0.016), ate more (p = 0.044) and tended to convert feed to gain more efficiently (p = 0.088) than those fed CON diet between days 98 and 140 post-weaning. Supplemental 25(OH)D₃ improved water holding capacity and reduced drip loss of pork meat, increased serum 25(OH)D₃ level, produced higher interleukin-1 and lower interleukin-6 concentrations in blood circulation, downregulated myostatin (MSTN) and upregulated myogenic differentiation (MYOD) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) gene expressions (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementing vitamin D₃-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets with 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃ significantly improved production performance suggesting their current dietary vitamin D₃ levels are insufficient. In fulfilling the total need for vitamin D, it is strongly recommended to add 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃ "on top" to practical vitamin D₃-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets deployed under commercial conditions.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.392-401
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• 2023

본 연구는 저소득층 중년 여성의 골다공증 지식, 골다공증 예방행위의 상관관계 및 골다공증 예방행위에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 P시에 소재한 3개 종합병원에 내원한 저소득층 중년 여성 317명이며, 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 2021년 2월 1일부터 2022년 12월 30일까지 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 27.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Stepwise multiple linear regression으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 연구대상자의 골다공증 지식은 11.97±6.89점으로 낮게 나타났고, 골다공증 예방 교육 및 골절 경험에서 차이를 보였다. 골다공증 예방행위는 41.03±7.63점으로 낮았고, 종교, 동반질환, 골다공증 예방 교육 및 골절 경험, 주관적 건강상태에 따라 차이를 보였다. 골다공증 지식과 골다공증 예방행위는 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였고(r=.527, p<.001), 골다공증 예방행위에 영향을 미치는 요인은 골절 경험(𝛽=.415, p<.001), 골다공증 예방 교육(𝛽=.359, p<.001), 주관적 건강상태(𝛽=.186, p<.001) 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 토대로 저소득층 중년 여성의 골다공증 예방행위를 증진시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하고, 참여를 권장할 수 있는 방안을 마련하는 등의 지속적인 관리가 이루어져야 할 것이다.