• Title/Summary/Keyword: Nursery Soil

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Effects of Fertilization Methods on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of $Larix$ $kaempferi$ Seedlings in the Container Nursery System (시비처리 방법에 따른 낙엽송 용기묘의 생장 및 생리 특성)

  • Cho, Min-Seok;Lee, Soo-Won;Park, Byung-Bae
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2012
  • Fertilization is essential to seedling production in nursery culture, but excessive fertilization can contaminate surface and ground water around the nursery. The objective of this study was to find optimal fertilization practice of container seedling production for reducing soil and water contamination around the nursery without compromising seedling quality. This study was conducted to investigate chemical properties of the growth medium, growth performance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll contents of larch ($Larix$ $kaempferi$) growing under three different fertilization treatments (Constant rate, Three stage rate, and Exponential rate fertilization). Root collar diameter and height of larch were not significantly different among treatments even though the nutrient supply of the exponential treatment was half that of the constant and three stage treatments. Chemical properties of the growth medium showed the same trends as root collar diameter and height. The total biomass and seedling quality index (SQI) were higher at Constant than at other treatments, but both SQI of Constant and Exponential were not significantly different. Photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll contents were lower at Exponential than at other treatments, but not significantly different among treatments. Therefore, Exponential fertilization which is 50% fertilizer of other treatments would maximize seedling growth and minimize nutrient loss.

Recent Development in Rice Seedling Raising in Japan, with Special Reference to the "Nursling Seedlings"

  • Kiyochika, Hoshikawa
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.198-208
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    • 1992
  • Recently, a nursery mat made from rock wool has realized transplanting of the younger seedlings with the ordinary transplanting machines for Chibyo and Chubyo(3 and 4~5 leaved seedling, respectively). The seedlings defined as the 'Nyubyo' or 'Nursling seedlings' became possible to achieve economic profits from the reduction in both working time and costs. It being widely noticed as a strategy to solve the difficulties in current rice cultivation. The nursling seedlings are 1.4 to 2.5 leaves and height at 4.5 to 7cm, grown 4 to 7 days after seeding. They maintain still up to 50 to 80% of their nutrients in the endosperm, and can grow by using only their own nutrients for a certain period of time after transplanting. Nursling seedlings take 2 days in the nursery chamber at 32$^{\circ}C$ after seeding, and 2 days in the greening house at $25^{\circ}C$. This is only 4 days, all together, to make the nursling seedlings of 1.5 leaves which are ready for transplanting. Watering is only needed once at the sowing time. It only takes 1 or 2 waterings even to raise a seedlings for a period of 7 days. The number of nursery boxes can be reduced because it is possible to sow more densely(220 to 240g per box), thus it only needs seedlings of 15 to 16 boxes per 10 a which leads to a reduction in facilities and space needed. Temperature during the nursery period can be artificially adjusted more precisely which may lead to the prevention of temperature stress. The nursling seedlings can root rapid by because the crown roots from the coleoptile node begin to emerge immediately after transplanting. They show strong resistance to low temperature (12$^{\circ}C$) and deep-planting. There is no danger in the rooting of the seedlings even if half of their height is buried into the soil. Moreover, it can root at a rate of up to 65 to 80% even if the full height of the seedlings is buried. They show also strong resistance to submergence (10~15cm). The nursling seedlings tend to grow by producing tillers from lower nodes. It is therefore, necessary to control to keep the proper numbers of tillers per unit area. They have no fear in the delay of heading and their yield components can be so well balanced that the same level of yield was achieved with the nursling seedlings compared to that with Chibyo. It was further suggested that if the surplus tillers can be avoided by such cultivation practices, the number of grain per panicle can be kept greater and higher yield can be realized. Practical experiments with the nursling seedlings conducted in 1989 and 1990 by farmers in various areas showed exciting results. The nursling seedlings will become widely spread, or at least occupy an important position in Japanese and also in Korean rice cultivation techniques.tivation techniques.

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The Effects of Fertilization on Growth Performances and Physiological Characteristics of Liriodendron tulipifera in a Container Nursery System (시비 처리가 백합나무 용기묘의 생장 및 생리적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Min Seok;Lee, Soo Won;Park, Byung Bae;Park, Gwan Su
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.100 no.2
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    • pp.305-313
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    • 2011
  • Fertilization is essential to seedling production in nursery culture, but excessive fertilization can contaminate surface and ground water around the nursery. The objective of this study was to find optimal fertilization practice of container seedling production for reducing soil and water contamination around the nursery without compromising seedling quality. This study was conducted to investigate growth performance, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll contents of Liriodendron tulipifera growing under three different fertilization treatments (Constant rate, Three-stage rate, and Exponential rate fertilization). Root collar diameter, height, and biomass of L. tulipifera were the highest at Constant treatment. Like growth performance, seedling quality index (SQI) were higher at Constant than at other treatments, but not significantly different among treatments. L. tulipifera showed good photosynthetic capacity at all treatments. Photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll contents were significantly lower at Exponential than at other treatments. Therefore, Exponential fertilization which is 50% fertilizer of other treatments would maximize seedling growth and minimize nutrient loss.

A Ten-Year Result of Artificial Inoculation of Pines with Ectomycorrhizal Fungi, Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris (묘포장(苗圃場)에서 균근균(菌根菌)으로 인공접종(人工接種)한 5개(個) 소나무류(類)의 접종(接種) 10년후(年後) 조림지(造林地)에서의 생장효과(生長效果))

  • Lee, Kyung Joon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.81 no.2
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    • pp.156-163
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    • 1992
  • Pinus koraiensis (Pk), P. rigida (Pr) and P. rigida ${\times}$ P. taeda (Pr. t) seedlings in a bare-rooted nursery were artificially inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and Thelephora terrestris (Tt) to test long term effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation on host growth. Mycelial inocula of Pt and Tt were mass-cultured in vermiculite-peatmoss mixture and introduced into fumigated nursery soil before seed sowing. Bare-rooted, inoculated seedlings at one to four years of age were outplanted to the field with $P_2O_5$ content of 25 ppm in soil. At the time of outplanting, Pk seedlings(4 years old), Pr seedlings(2 years old), and Pr.t seedlings(1 year old) all infected by Pt were significantly taller by 28%. 26%, and 77%, respectively, than controlled seedlings infected by natural population of mycorrhizal fungi in the non-fumigated plot. Ten years after inoculation or six to nine years after outplanting, Pk seedlings inoculated with Pt were significantly taller by 9% Pr.t seedlings significantly taller by 18%, and Pr slightly Caller by 2%(not significant) than controlled seedlings, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of Pt on host growth gradually declined or became minimal after outplanting. Tt failed to stimulate host growth either in the nursery or in the field, and the survival rate of outplanted seedlings was not different among fungal treatments. Considerable loss of the infected root system during lifting the seedlings for outplanting would be the primary cause of the reduced effect of Pt in the field. Pt infected more than 90% of the fine roots in the fumigated nursery during the first growing season, but Pt assumed to fail to compete successfully with natural population of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field. It is necessary to select other mycorrhizal fungi which adapt well in both nursery and field.

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Development qRT-PCR Protocol to Predict Strawberry Fusarium Wilt Occurrence

  • Hong, Sung Won;Kim, Da-Ran;Kim, Ji Su;Cho, Gyeongjun;Jeon, Chang Wook;Kwak, Youn-Sig
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2018
  • Strawberry Fusarium wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, is the most devastating disease in strawberry production. The pathogen produces chlamydospores which tolerate against harsh environment, fungicide and survive for decades in soil. Development of detection and quantification techniques are regarded significantly in many soilborne pathogens to prevent damage from diseases. In this study, we improved specific-quantitative primers for F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae to reveal correlation between the pathogen density and the disease severity. Standard curve $r^2$ value of the specific-quantitative primers for qRT-PCR and meting curve were over 0.99 and $80.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Over pathogen $10^5cfu/g$ of soil was required to cause the disease in both lab and field conditions. With the minimum density to develop the wilt disease, the pathogen affected near 60% in nursery plantation. A biological control microbe agent and soil solarization reduced the pathogen population 2-fold and 1.5-fold in soil, respectively. The developed F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae specific qRT-PCR protocol may contribute to evaluating soil healthiness and appropriate decision making to control the disease.

Fused Phosphate and Slag as a Fertilizer in Nursery of Rice (묘대(苗垈)에서 용성인비(熔成燐肥)와 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 효과)

  • Hwang, Young-Soo;Ryu, In-Soo;Oh, Wang-Kun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.195-200
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    • 1982
  • Fused phosphate and slag have used as a sources of phosphate and silicate fertilizers. In order to find out effects of these fertilizers on the growth of young rice plants in nursery, relationships between dry matter production and nutrient uptake at different fertilizer application rates were investigated for two rice varieties, Milyang 23 (a Indica-Japonica hybrid) and Akibare (a Japonica). The results were summarized as followers; 1. The maximum dry matter production was obtained at 75-150 kg/10a of fused phospate and 100-200 kg/10a of slag, respectively, however, a some variations between varieties were recognized. 2. The top/root ratio of varieties around 1.0 was proper for healty see dings and this ratio was reached at application of 75 kg/10a of fused phosphate and 200 kg/10a of slag. 3. The efficiency of applied silicate of rice seedlings was higher in fused phosphate than in slag. 4. The growth of seedling was severely retarded when soil pH was increased above 7 by the application of more than 225 kg/10a of fused phospahte and 400 kg/10a of slag.

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Growth Response and Uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Pinus thunbergii by Treatment of a Dried Swine Excrement (고형돈분 처리 시 해송 묘목의 생장반응 및 질소·인 흡수 효과)

  • Lee, Chang-Heon;Cho, Jae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.72-80
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of dried swine excrement on the germination of Pinus thunbergii seeds, the growth response of seedlings of Pinus thunbergii and the uptaken of nitrogen and phosphorous by seedlings of Pinus thunbergii. The germination rate of seeds of Pinus thunbergii tends to decrease according to the increasing of application amount of dried swine excrement and the application amounts of dried swine excrement which is more than 3%(w/w %) makes the rate of germination to much more decreased. Contents of nitrogen and phosphorus are much higher in a way that the dried swine excrement was treated in nursery soil. 179 days after seeds of Pinus thunbergii were sowed, nitrogen contents in soil was decreased more than 70% and phosphorus was decreased 20 to 45%. Growth response of Pinus thunbergii was much higher in treatment of dried swine excrement than in control. But growth response was not affected by increasing of application amounts of dried swine excrement. Growth response of Pinus thunbergii was the highest in 2%(w/w %) application but its growth response was decreased in treatment more than 3% (w/w %) of dried swine excrement.

Yields of Ginseng Seedlings and Cultivation Methods in Ban-Yang-Jik (Semimodified Soil) Nursery (산지 반양직묘포에서 육묘방법 및 - 묘삼 생산실태)

  • 이종출;안대진;변정수
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.68-75
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    • 1988
  • Yields of ginseng seedlings and cultivation methods were investigated in 29 Ban-Yang-Jik (semimodified soil) nurseries to obtain some information about the production of ginseng seedling. The average number of available seedlings (useful for transplanting in the main field) per Kan ($180{\times}90$ cm) was 362. The percentage of available seedlings to the total seedlings harvested (rate of available seedlings) was 45 %. Although there were severe variations in the numbers and rates of available seedlings among the nurseries surveyed, the number of available seedlings were reduced due to both the short weighted and poor shaped (obese shape with poor root development) seedlings. The number of poor shaped seedlings was negatively correlated with height of seed-bed and frequencies of irrigation. Quadratic relations were noticed between rate of available seedling and heights of front post and rear post of shade. On the other hand, negative correlation was recognized between rate of available seedling and breadth of shade, but positive correlation was noted between rate of available seedling and frequencies of irrigation.

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Vegetation of Arundinaria munsuensis Population (문수조릿대 개체군의 식생)

  • Jang, Hyung-Tae;Lee, Ji-Hye;Park, Chong-Min;Kim, Nam-Choon;Park, Won-Je;Song, Ho-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.15-25
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    • 2012
  • Arundinaria munsuensis population were classified into Lespedeza maximowiczii dominant population and Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora dominant population in the habitat of Jiri Mt. In the study sites, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable K, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg contained, cation exchange capacity, and soil pH were ranged from 14.52~16.13%, 0.57~0.59%, 5.57~10.24 (mg/kg), 0.44~0.49 ($cmol^+/kg$), 0.62~0.92 ($cmol^+/kg$), 0.31~0.32 ($cmol^+/kg$), 28.26~32.44 ($cmol^+/kg$) and 4.33~4.48 respectively. DCCA ordination analysis showed that Lespedeza maximowiczii dominant population dwells where pH, exchangeable Ca and exchangeable Mg content are high and Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora dominant population is placed where CEC, total nitrogen and organic matter content are high.

Selection of Ginseng Superior Lines Tolerant to Salt Stress Through Zygotic Embryo Culture (배배양에 의한 인삼우수계통으로부터 염류 Stress 내성 계통의 선발)

  • 양덕춘;윤영상;김무성
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.257-264
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    • 2004
  • Selection of stress-tolerant ginseng lines in fields is very difficult because it is almost impossible to control properly the environmental conditions of soil. On the contrary, it can be studied with ease to search for stress-tolerant ginseng lines through in vitro culture because of easy manipulation of stress conditions. This study was conducted for the selection of ginseng pure lines tolerant to salt stress. Murashige & Skoog(MS) media with 2.5 folds of KNO$_3$, NH$_4$NO$_3$, MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$, KH$_2$PO$_4$, and CaC1$_2$.2$H_2O$ was established for the selection of ginseng pure lines tolerant to salt stress in vitro. Among 88 ginseng pure lines bred by Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute, Punggi Hwangsuk, 78093, 82886, 78135, 86024 and KG104 lines was tolerant to salt stress. For the stable production of quality Korean ginseng, genetic tolerance to salt stress is one of important factors since relatively high salt concentrations in the ginseng nursery soil environment of Korea. Ginseng inbred pure lines were tested for their tolerance to salt stress through in vitro culture technique.