• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2010

The current status of numerical simulations of galaxy formation is reviewed. After a description of the main numerical simulation techniques, I will present several applications in order to illustrate how numerical simulations have improved our understanding of the galaxy formation process.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

Contaminant transport has been widely studied in rigid porous media, but there are some cases where a large volumetric stain occurs such as dewatering of dredged contaminated sediment, landfill liner, and in-situ capping. This paper presents a numerical investigation of contaminant transport coupled with large strain consolidation. Consolidation test was performed with contaminated sediments collected in Gary, Indiana, U.S. to obtain constitutive relationships, which are required for numerical simulations. Numerical results using CST2 show an excellent agreement with measured settlement and excess pore pressure. CST2 is then used to simulate contaminant transport during and after in-situ capping. Numerical simulations provide that transient advective flows caused by consolidation significantly increase the contaminant transport rate. In addition, the numerical simulations revealed that active capping with Reactive Core Mat (RCM) significantly decelerates consolidation-induced contaminant transport.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.165-169
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• 2007

The numerical simulations associated with the interaction of High Velocity Clouds (HVC) with the Magnetized Galactic Interstellar Medium (ISM) are a powerful tool to describe the evolution of the interaction of these objects in our Galaxy. In this work we present a new project referred to as Theoretical Virtual i Observatories. It is oriented toward to perform numerical simulations in real time through a Web page. This is a powerful astrophysical computational tool that consists of an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) and a database produced by numerical calculations. In this Website the user can make use of the existing numerical simulations from the database or run a new simulation introducing initial conditions such as temperatures, densities, velocities, and magnetic field intensities for both the ISM and HVC. The prototype is programmed using Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP (LAMP), based on the open source philosophy. All simulations were performed with the MHD code ZEUS-3D, which solves the ideal MHD equations by finite differences on a fixed Eulerian mesh. Finally, we present typical results that can be obtained with this tool.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.1095-1099
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• 2017

A fission source can act as a stabilization element in coupled Monte Carlo simulations. We have observed this while studying numerical instabilities in nonlinear steady-state simulations performed by a Monte Carlo criticality solver that is coupled to a xenon feedback solver via fixed-point iteration. While fixed-point iteration is known to be numerically unstable for some problems, resulting in large spatial oscillations of the neutron flux distribution, we show that it is possible to stabilize it by reducing the number of Monte Carlo criticality cycles simulated within each iteration step. While global convergence is ensured, development of any possible numerical instability is prevented by not allowing the fission source to converge fully within a single iteration step, which is achieved by setting a small number of criticality cycles per iteration step. Moreover, under these conditions, the fission source may converge even faster than in criticality calculations with no feedback, as we demonstrate in our numerical test simulations.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2008

The development of a high-lift rudder is needed because low speed full ships such as the VLCC(Very Large Crude oil Carrier) have difficulty for obtaining enough lifting force from a common rudder. The rudder of a ship is generally positioned behind the hull and propeller. Therefore, rudder design should consider the interactions between hull, propeller, and rudder. In the present study, the FLUENT code and body fitted mesh systems generated by the GRIDGEN program are adopted for the numerical simulations of flow characteristics around a rudder that is interacting with hull and propeller. Sliding mesh model(SMM) is adopted to analyze the interaction between propeller rotation and wake flow behind hull. Several numerical simulations are performed to compare the interactions such as hull-rudder, propeller-rudder, and hull-propeller-rudder. Also, we consider relationships between the interactions. The results of present numerical simulations show the variation of flow characteristics by the interaction between hull, propeller, and rudder, and these results are compared with an existing experimental result. The present study demonstrates that numerical simulations can be used effectively in the design of high-lift rudder behind low speed full ship.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2000

Numerical simulations of unsteady opposed-flow flames are performed using an adaptive time integration method designed for differential-algebraic systems. The compressibility effect is considered in deriving the system of equations, such that the numerical difficulties associated with a high-index system are alleviated. The numerical method is implemented for systems with detailed chemical mechanisms and transport properties by utilizing the Chemkin software. Two test simulations are performeds hydrogen/air diffusion flames with an oscillatory strain rate and transient ignition of methane against heated air. Both results show that the rapid transient behavior is successfully captured by the numerical method.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.407-426
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• 2005

A hybrid RANS/LES approach, based on the Limited Numerical Scales concept, is applied to the numerical simulation of the flow around a square cylinder. The key feature of this approach is a blending between two eddy-viscosities, one given by the $k-{\varepsilon}$ RANS model and the other by the Smagorinsky LES closure. A mixed finite-element/finite-volume formulation is used for the numerical discretization on unstructured grids. The results obtained with the hybrid approach are compared with those given by RANS and LES simulations for three different grid resolutions; comparisons with experimental data and numerical results in the literature are also provided. It is shown that, if the grid resolution is adequate for LES, the hybrid model recovers the LES accuracy. For coarser grid resolutions, the blending criterion appears to be effective to improve the accuracy of the results with respect to both LES and RANS simulations.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Numerical simulation of flow past two-dimensional hill and valley is presented. Application of three turbulence models - the standard and modified (Kato-Launder) $k-{\varepsilon}$ models and standard $k-{\omega}$ model - is discussed. The computational methodology is briefly described. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles, obtained from numerical simulations of flow past the hill, are compared with the experimental data acquired in a boundary-layer wind tunnel at Colorado State University. The mean velocity, turbulence kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress profiles from numerical simulations of flow past the valley are compared with published experimental data. Overall, the results of simulations employing the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model were found to be in a better agreement with the experimental data than those obtained using the modified $k-{\varepsilon}$ model and the $k-{\omega}$ model.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

A numerical study of the flow characteristics inside a U-type circular tube is carried out in this paper. The numerical simulations carried out by using a Navier-Stokes code which is commercially available. Before detailed numerical simulations, validation of present numerical approach is made by comparing numerical solutions with experimental data. Numerical simulations are performed to study the effect of curvature on the flow characteristics inside a U-type tube. Numerical solutions show that a significant effect on the secondary flow structure in the cross section of the tube, especially in the curved section is shown when the curvature ratio, ratio of curvature to tube diameter, is smaller than about 3.5. As the curvature ratio decreases below 3.5, a counter rotating vortex is found below the primary vortex in the cross section of the tube. Another dramatic change of the flow structure is the formation of streamwise separation zone when the curvature ratio is decreased below 1.25.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2009

A numerical study of the flow characteristics inside a U-type circular tube is carried out in this paper. The numerical simulations carried out by using a Navier-Stokes code which is commercially available. Before detailed numerical simulations, validation of present numerical approach is made by comparing numerical solutions with experimental data. Numerical simulations are performed to study the effect of curvature on the flow characteristics inside a U-type tube. Numerical solutions show that a significant effect on the secondary flow structure in the cross section of the tube, especially in the curved section is shown when the curvature ratio, ratio of curvature to tube diameter, is smaller than about 3.5. As the curvature ratio decreases below 3.5, a counter rotating vortex is found below the primary vortex in the cross section of the tube. Another dramatic change of the flow structure is the formation of streamwise separation zone when the curvature ratio is decreased below 1.25.