• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.429-441
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• 2011

In large-scale problem, a huge size of computational resources is needed for a reliable solution which represents the detailed description of dynamic behavior. Recently, eigenvalue reduction schemes have been considered as important technique to resolve computational resource problems. In addition, the efforts to advance an efficiency of reduction scheme leads to the development of the multi-level system condensation (MLSC) which is initially based on the two-level condensation scheme (TLCS). This scheme was proposed for approximating the lower eigenmodes which represent the global behavior of the structures through the element-level energy estimation. The MLSC combines the multi-level sub-structuring scheme with the previous TLCS for enhancement of efficiency which is related to computer memory and computing time. The present study focuses on the implementation of the MLSC on the direct time response analysis and the frequency response analysis of structural dynamic problems. For the transient time response analysis, the MLSC is combined with the Newmark's time integration scheme. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.125-150
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• 2014

Accelerated life tests (ALTs) are extensively used to determine the reliability of a product in a short period of time. Test units are subject to elevated stresses which yield quick failures. ALT can be carried out using constant-stress, step-stress, progressive-stress, cyclic-stress or random-stress loading and their various combinations. An ALT with linearly increasing stress is ramp-stress test. Much of the previous work on planning ALTs has focused on constant-stress, step-stress, ramp-stress schemes and their various combinations where the stress is generally increased. This paper presents an optimal design of ramp soak-stress ALT model which is based on the principle of Thermal cycling. Thermal cycling involves applying high and low temperatures repeatedly over time. The optimal plan consists in finding out relevant experimental variables, namely, stress rates and stress rate change points, by minimizing variance of reliability function with pre-specified mission time under normal operating conditions. The Burr type XII life distribution and time-censored data have been used for the purpose. Burr type XII life distribution has been found appropriate for accelerated life testing experiments. The method developed has been explained using a numerical example and sensitivity analysis carried out.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.791-812
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• 2011

This is a survey on American options. An American option allows its owner the privilege of early exercise, whereas a European option can be exercised only at expiration. Because of this early exercise privilege American option pricing involves an optimal stopping problem; the price of an American option is given as a free boundary value problem associated with a Black-Scholes type partial differential equation. Up until now there is no simple closed-form solution to the problem, but there have been a variety of approaches which contribute to the understanding of the properties of the price and the early exercise boundary. These approaches typically provide numerical or approximate analytic methods to find the price and the boundary. Topics included in this survey are early approaches(trees, finite difference schemes, and quasi-analytic methods), an analytic method of lines and randomization, a homotopy method, analytic approximation of early exercise boundaries, Monte Carlo methods, and relatively recent topics such as model uncertainty, backward stochastic differential equations, and real options. We also provide open problems whose answers are expected to contribute to American option pricing.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.216-224
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• 1999

날로 더욱 복잡해지는 제어 컴퓨터의 고 신뢰성 확보를 위해 시간여분(time redundancy)의 일종인 rollback과 roll-forward 기법 등을 TMR 구종에 적절하게 혼용하는 두 가지 방법을 제안한다. Rollback과 roll-forward 기법은 약간의 추가시간만을 사용하여 재구성(reconfiguration) 없이도 일시적인 결함(fault)에 의해 발생한 TMR 고장(failure)의 회복을 위해 상호보완적으로 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문은 시스템의 고장상태확률의 유도를 통해 전체 작업의 평균실행시간이 최소가 되는 최적의 checkpoint 간격벡터를 유도한다. 수치예제를 통해 제안된 방법들이 다른 고장회복 기법을 적용했을 때와 비교하여 매우 효과적임을 보이고, 다양한 환경 하에서 여러 가지 최적의 checkpoint 간격벡터를 유도하였으며, 시뮬레이션을 통한 정량적 결과로써 그 우수성을 비교하고 검증하였다

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권5A호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2011

Mobile IPv6(MIPv6)은 IETF에서 IP망의 이동성지원을 지원하기 위해 제안되었다. 기존의 MIPv6에서는 이동노드가 핸드오버 메시지 교환에 관여하여 핸드오버 지연이 발생하여 패킷을 손실하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이동노드의 핸드오버 메시지 교환과정을 제거하여 핸드오버 지연성능을 향상시키는 Proxy Mobile IPv6(PMIPv6)을 연구하였고, IETF MIPSHOP WG는 PMIPv6망에서 fast handover(PFMIPv6)를 제안하여 패킷의 손실을 최소화 하고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 PFMIPv6에서 발생하는 핸드오버 과정 동안의 패킷손실을 줄이기 위해 이중 인터페이스 이동단말에 초점을 두고 패킷 bicasting을 적용하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법의 성능을 수치적으로 분석하고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 가법이 PFMIPv6에서의 핸드오버보다 패킷 손실과 신호비용의 관점에서 성능이 향상되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권5B호
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• pp.741-752
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• 2010

The ability to seamlessly switch between the macro networks and femtocell networks is a key driver for femtocell network deployment. The handover procedures for the integrated femtocell/macrocell networks differ from the existing handovers. Some modifications of existing network and protocol architecture for the integration of femtocell networks with the existing macrocell networks are also essential. These modifications change the signal flow for handover procedures due to different 2-tier cell (macrocell and femtocell) environment. The handover between two networks should be performed with minimum signaling. A frequent and unnecessary handover is another problem for hierarchical femtocell/macrocell network environment that must be minimized. This work studies the details mobility management schemes for small and medium scale femtocell network deployment. To do that, firstly we present two different network architectures for small scale and medium scale WCDMA femtocell deployment. The details handover call flow for these two network architectures and CAC scheme to minimize the unnecessary handovers are proposed for the integrated femtocell/macrocell networks. The numerical analysis for the proposed M/M/N/N queuing scheme and the simulation results of the proposed CAC scheme demonstrate the handover call control performances for femtocell environment.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제18C권5호
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• pp.339-342
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• 2011

기존 Locator-Identifier Separation Protocol(LISP) 기반 이동성 제어 기법에서는 각 이동 단말이 Tunnel Router(TR)의 기능을 가진다. 하지만, 이러한 단말 기반 이동성 제어에서는 핸드오버 지연이 길어진다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크에 기반한 이동성 제어 방식을 제안한다. 기존의 단말 기반 이동성 방식과 달리 제안하는 네트워크 기반의 방식은 두 가지 특징을 가진다: 1) 각 TR은 이동 단말이 접속한 Access Router(AR)에 구현된다. 2) 핸드오버를 지원하기 위해 Routing Locator(RLOC) 갱신 동작은 Ingress TR(ITR) 과 Egress TR(ETR) 사이에서 수행된다. 수치 분석 및 비교를 통해 기존의 방식에 비해 제안하는 방식이 핸드오버 지연을 크게 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2009

A three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes solver, KFLOW, using overlapped grids has recently been developed to simulate unsteady flow phenomena over helicopter rotor blades. The blade-vortex interaction is predicted for a descending flight using measured blade deformation data. The effects of computational grid resolution and azimuth angle increments on airloads were examined, and computed airloads and vortex trajectories were compared with HART-II wind tunnel data. The current method predicts the BVI phenomena of blade airloads reasonably well. It is found from the present study that a peculiar distribution of vorticity of tip vortices in an approximate azimuth angle range of 90 to 180 degrees can be explained by physics of the shear-layer interaction as well as the dissipation of numerical schemes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.614-621
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• 1999

In this paper, the analytical appproaches are presented for jointly determining the profit-miximizing configuration of the fault-tolerance real time modular cell manufacturing system. The transient(time-dependent) analysis of Markovian models is firstly applied to modular cell manufacturing system from a performability viewpoint whose modeling advantage lies in its ability to express the performance that truly matters - the user's perception of it - as well as various performance measures compositely in the context of application. The modular cells are modeled with hybrid decomposition method and then availability measures such as instantaneous availability, interval availability, expected cumulative operational time are evaluated as special cases of performability. In addition to this evaluation, sensitivity analysis of the entire manufacturing system as well as each machining cell is performed, from which the time of a major repair policy and the optimal configuration among the alternative configurations of the system can be determined. Secondly, the recovery policies from the machine failures by computing the minimal number of redundant machines and also from the task failures by computing the minimum number of tasks equipped with detection schemes of task failure and reworked upon failure detection, to meet the timing requirements are optimized. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the work.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 증폭 후 재전송 프로토콜 기반의 다중 안테나 다중 중계 시스템에서 저 복잡도의 전력 할당 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 다중 안테나 전처리 기법이 복소수로 구성 된 꽉 찬 행렬을 전처리 필터로 사용하였다면, 제안 하는 기법은 각 중계 노드에서 안테나 별 전력으로 구성 된 실수 대각 행렬을 전처리 필터로 사용한다고 볼 수 있다. 추가적으로 복소수 꽉 찬행렬로 유효 채널을 대각화 하지 못함에서 발생하는 오차를 감소시키기 위해 가중치 벡터를 각 스트림에 적용시켜 안테나 수와 상관없이 낮은 복잡도로 최적 성능에 근접한 성능을 얻을 수 있다. 마지막으로 모의실험을 통해 제안하는 기법이 상호정보량 측면에서 기존의 기법들보다 우수함을 보인다.