• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 2014

This paper studied the statistics such as the total number of syllables: the kinds of syllables: the frequency of syllables, the total number of eojeols, the kinds of eojeols(word phrases unique in Korean language), average length of eojeols and the frequency of eojeols in four different Korean textbooks for 7th-grade students. The results of the statistical survey are as follows: the number of syllables was 286,801; the kinds of Korean syllables were 1,350; the average frequency of syllables was 212.4; the number of eoieol was 109,393; the kinds of eoieol were 29,356; the average frequency of eojeol was 3.7; the average length of eojeols was 2.7 syllables, the longest one consist of 8 syllables.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.515-524
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• 2012

This paper studied the statistics such as the total number of syllables, the kinds of syllables, the frequency of syllables, the number of eojeols(word phrases unique in Korean language), the kinds of eojeols, average length of eojeols, the frequency of eojeols and the parts of speech in four different Korean textbooks for 6th-grade students(6-1 Korean Reading, 6-1 Korean Speaking Listening Writing, 6-2 Korean Reading and 6-2 Korean Speaking Listening Writing). The results of the statistical survey are as follows: the number of Hangul syllables was 194,683; the kinds of syllables were 1,290; the average frequency of syllables was 150.9; the number of eojeol was 70,185; the kinds of eojeol were 22,647; the average frequency of eojeol was 3.1; the average length of eojeols was 2.8 syllables, the longest one consist of 10 syllables. In parts of speech, nouns are used more in the Korean Reading textbook, and verbs are used more in Korean Speaking Listening Writing.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2012

Discourse is regarded as an important component of communication assessment, but studies about the discourse characteristics of the elderly are scant. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of aging, gender, and educational level on discourse in elderly people with normal cognitive function. Forty normal elderly and forty young people participated in this study. A picture description task (Boston Cookie-Theft picture) was used to examine discourse function. The description task was analyzed for both productivity (total number of sentences, total number of syllables, and syllables per sentence) and semantics (CIU ratio). The results were as follows: 1) Only CIU ratio differed significantly according to age. 2) In the total number of syllables and syllables per sentence, females demonstrate a higher number than males. 3) The CIU ratio differed significantly according to educational level. These results suggest that impairment of communicative function is an aspect of cognitive impairment that can be related to aging. Also, discourse performance in the elderly is associated with their gender and educational level.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.22 no.3 s.57
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• pp.213-232
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to determine factors affecting text difficulty and to model objective formulas which measure readability scores. Some readability-related factors such as total number of letters, total number of syllables, total number of unique syllables, total number of sentences and total number of paragraphs were found through correlation analysis. Some regression equations with these factors as their variables were produced through regression analysis. A model estimating readability score from total number of unique syllables was a good formula, while a model with two factors, total number of unique syllables and new syllable occurrence ratio, was a better enhanced one. The readability score represents detailed level so we can recommend students read texts corresponding to their reading levels.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine how Korean speakers realize English stress and rhythm at the sentence level, and investigate what different acoustic characteristics of English sentence stress and rhythm Korean speakers have, compared with those of American English speakers. Stressed words in the sentence were analyzed in terms of duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity of the stressed vowel in the word with neutral stress and with emphatic stress, respectively. According to the results, when the words had emphatic stress, both Koreans' and Americans' F0 and intensity of the stressed vowel were higher than those with neutral stress. Korean speakers of English realized the sentence stress with shorter vowel duration and higher F0 than American English speakers when the words had emphatic stress. The analysis of the timing of the sentence with increased unstressed syllables showed that both Americans and Koreans produced the sentence with longer duration as the number of unstressed syllables increased. However, the duration of unstressed syllables between stressed syllables by Koreans was longer than that by Americans. Americans seemed to produce unstressed syllables between stressed syllables faster than Koreans for regular intervals of stressed syllables. This analysis implies that if there are more unstressed syllables between stressed syllables, Koreans might produce unstressed syllables and the whole sentence with longer duration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.28B no.9
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• pp.692-703
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• 1991

A Korean word is composed of syllables. A Korean syllable is regarded as a random variable according to its probabilistic property in occurrence. A Korean syllable is divided into 'choseong', 'jungseong', and 'jongseong' which are regarded as random variables. We can consider teh conditional probatility of syllable as an index which represents the occurrence correlation between syllables in Korean words. Since the number of syllables is enormous, we use the conditional probability of a' choseong', a 'jungseong', and a 'jongseong' between syllables as an index which represents the occurrence correlation between syllables in Korean words. The length distribution of Korean woeds is computed according to frequency and to kind. Form the cumulative frequency of a Korean syllable computed from multi-syllable Korean woeds, all probabilities and conditiona probabilities are computed for the three random variables. The conditional probabilities of 'choseong'- 'choseong', 'jungseong'- 'jungseong', 'jongseong'-'jongseong', 'jongseong'-'choseong' between adjacent syllables in multi-syllable Korean woeds are computed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.60-68
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• 2007

There are various application areas of Language information processing such as information retrieval, morphological analysis, spell checker, voice recognition, character recognition, etc. In these language information processing areas, an electronic dictionary is essential. This thesis made researches on basic statistical information on the Korean dictionary and on the construction of electronic dictionary. The targets of analysis were the number of registered word in Korea dictionary, the entry number of registered word in electronic dictionary, the number of used syllables, the number of different syllables, the average length of entry, the distribution of part of speech and the number of used nodes to construct electronic dictionary using Trie, except for words including a archaic word or incomplete syllables. Total entry number of electronic dictionary is 361,980, the number of used syllables is 1,289,659, the average length of entries is 3.56 and the number of different syllables is 2,463. Theses informations would play a beneficial role in constructing an electronic dictionary and in processing Korean information.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2004

This paper proposes a method of segmenting compound nouns which include unregistered nouns into a correct combination of unit nouns using characteristics of person's names, loanwords, and location names. Korean person's name is generally composed of 3 syllables, only relatively small number of syllables is used as last names, and the second and the third syllables combination is somewhat restrictive. Also many person's names appear with clue words in compound nouns. Most loanwords have one or more syllables which cannot appear in Korean words, or have sequences of syllables different from usual Korean words. Location names are generally used with clue words designating districts in compound nouns. Use of above characteristics to analyze compound nouns not only makes segmentation more accurate, helps natural language systems use semantic categories of those unregistered nouns. Experimental results show that the precision of our method is approximately 98% on average. The precision of human names and loanwords recognition is about 94% and about 92% respectively.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a new Korean connected digit recognition based on vowel string and number of syllables. There are two steps to reduce digit candidates. The first one is to determine the number and interval of digit. Once the number and interval of digit are determined, the second is to recognize the vowel string in the digit string. The digit candidates according to vowel string are recognized based on CV (consonant vowel), VCCV and VC unit HMM. The proposed method can cope effectively with the coarticulation effects and recognize the connected digit speech very well.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2005

Most of stroke patients have not only physical difficulty but speech and neurological disorder because of hemiplegia and such unexpected changes cause psychologic disadaptability and absent-mindedness. Particularly, lowering of physical ability can lead to serious emotional problem from failure or frustration in daily life. Generally, treatment of patient with stroke put emphasis on physical rehabilitation but actually this patient had considerable speech disorder such as aphasia or articulation disorder. Moreover, failing of recognition function, mental disorder as hypochondria, and even visual and auditory disorder are represented. So it is effective to integrate verbal remediation and other treatments in medical care environment. In particular, patients with language disorder very often wither psychologically therefore it is efficient to use of music therapy that gives opulent emotion to aphasia patients. And primarily to investigate the effects of 10 sessions treatments; change in spoken total number of syllables, to confirm their own value by success of given task and reassure about themselves ability. All of 10 sessions stages were scored by MIT manual and its improvement were measured, that is, accomplishment was analyzed within each level in order to prove detail change of spoken total number of syllables. The result of this program organized from 2 syllables to 4 syllables is summarized as follows. Subject A completed in preliminary stage Level I, in 2 syllables case advanced to Level III in fifth session and to Level IV in seventh session, in 3 syllables case advanced to Level III in seventh session and to Level IV in ninth session, and in 4 syllables case showed 8% low success rate in first session but after repeated practice increased considerably in sixth session and in advanced to Level III in eighth session to Level IV in tenth session. Subject B also completed in preliminary stage Level I, in 2 syllables case advanced to Level III in forth session and to Level IV in sixth session, in 3 syllables case advanced to Level III in fifth session and to Level IV in seventh session, and in 4 syllables case showed 10% low success rate in first session and increased considerably in fifth session and in advanced to Level III in seventh session but could not reach to Level IV until tenth session. As a result, it was shown that music therapy using MIT was not statistically meaningful but improved spoken total number of syllables and success rate of task had improved as a whole. Therefore, music intervention using MIT it has positive affect on verbal ability of patients with Broca's Aphasia and their language rehabilitation.