• 기본간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to develop a pain management protocol for nursing home patients with dementia and to examine effects of the protocol on pain assessments and interventions by the nurses and on pain relief signs in the patients. Method: The six steps in the protocol development and the examination of effect are outlined. Three rounds using the Delphi technique and one group pretest-posttest design experiment were developed. Design issues, such as sample selection and sample size, are addressed in relation to the study protocol. Results: After implementation of the pain management protocol, there were significant changes nursing actions including frequency of number of physical examinations, utilization of pain assessment tools, and request to doctors for discomfort management and there were significant changes in frequency in the number of verbal and physical expressions of pain, and emotional patterns. Conclusion: This is the first pain management protocol for patients with dementia in Korea. However, more study will be needed to determine the methodological strength and necessary revisions for the protocol.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.301-311
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• 2020

Schwarz's Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is one of the most popular criteria for model selection, that was derived under the assumption of independent and identical distribution. For correlated data in longitudinal studies, Jones (Statistics in Medicine, 30, 3050-3056, 2011) modified the BIC to select the best linear mixed effects model based on the effective sample size where the number of parameters in covariance structure was not considered. In this paper, we propose an extended Jones' modified BIC by considering covariance parameters. We conducted simulation studies under a variety of parameter configurations for linear mixed effects models. Our simulation study indicates that our proposed BIC performs better in model selection than Schwarz's BIC and Jones' modified BIC do in most scenarios. We also illustrate an example of smoking data using a longitudinal cohort of cancer patients.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.167-168
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• 2017

In this research, the blast-furnace slag powder using the hydrometer also attempted to analysis the influence factor due to the temperature change of water and sample, and the number of upside down turns at the time of rapid evaluation. As a result, the influence of the number of turn was not large, but was the temperature of the water and sample are greatly affected.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 1988

This study is concerned with the development of the economic sampling inspection plan when it is possible to carry out a nondestructive screening inspection for the rejected lots by substitutive characteristics closely related to the original quality characteristic. It is assumed that the probabilities of those errors depend linearly on the fraction defective of the process. The inspection policies considered are as follows: take a random sample of size n from the lot of size N and perform a destructive test on the sample. If the number of the defective items is not greater than a critical number C, accept the lot. Expected cost functions are obtained when the process average can be considered to follow a beta distribution and the way of finding the optimal values of (n, c) is to be explored.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2004

This study proposes an approach to unsupervisedly estimate the number of classes and the parameters of defining the classes in order to train the classifier. In the proposed method, the image is segmented using a spatial region growing based on hierarchical clustering, and fuzzy training is then employed to find the sample classes that well represent the ground truth. For cluster validation, this approach iteratively estimates the class-parameters in the fuzzy training for the sample classes and continuously computes the log-likelihood ratio of two consecutive class-numbers. The maximum ratio rule is applied to determine the optimal number of classes. The experimental results show that the new scheme proposed in this study could be used to select the regions with different characteristics existed on the scene of observed image as an alternative of field survey that is so expensive.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2001

An adaptive channel estimation technique for OFDM-based DTV receivers is proposed using a new mobility estimator. Sample mean techniques for channel estimation have displayed good performance in slow fading channels, because averaging reduces noise In channel estimation operation. This paper suggests an algorithm which selects the optimal number of symbols within which the sample mean of consecutive pilot data can be obtained. The designed mobility estimator determines the optimal number by comparing mobility variance and estimated noise valiance. The algorithm using the mobility estimator obtains an optimal channel function under time-invariant or time-variant multipath fading channels, thereby making the best BER performance.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.171-174
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• 1998

A class of non-parametric detectors based on quantized m-dimensional noise sample space is introduced. Due to assuming the nongaussian noise as a channel model, it is not easy to design the detector through estimating the unknown functional form of noise; instead equiprobably partitioning m-dimensional noise into a finite number of regions, using a VQ and quantiles obtained by RMSA algorithm is used in this paper to design detectors. To show the comparison of performance between single sample detector and system suggested here, Monte-Carlo simulations were used. The effect of signal pulse shape on the receiver performance is analyzed too.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-20
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• 1977

In many applications one is concerned with repeated Bernoulli trials whose parameter (success probability) is usually unknown and has to be estimated from a sample. The probability distribution and statistical inference on the repeated independent Bernoulli trials have been studied extensively for the cases of fixed sample size sampling plan, and inverse binomial sampling plan in which observations are cotinued until a pressigned number of successes are obtained. See, for example, Haldane, Girschick et al., DeGroot and Johnson and Kotz.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1998

Scanning electron microscopic appearance of infant milk formula indicated that mostly agglomerate with few or more diverse number of particles and also apple like as well as typical feature of drying in raw milk. Small particle of infant milk formula become agglomerate progressively. Some sample represent crystalline rectangular among the globular agglomerates which seem to be a different composites or those of solubility. Some sample showed the irregular porosity at central sec-scanning electron microscopic study between Korea and European products.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1279-1287
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• 2012

We particularly emphasized how to determine the number of replications with sequential and multistage procedures. So, the t-test is used to achieve some predetermined level of accuracy efficiently with loss function in the case of normal, chi-squared, an exponential distributions. We provided that the relevance of procedures are sequential procedure, two-stage procedure, modified two-stage procedure, three-stage procedure and accelerated sequential procedure. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to obtain the stopping sample size that minimizes the risk.