• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2012

Background: The epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) has been assessed based on the data of the analysis of TB patients notified to the surveillance system in Korea. However, the national status of TB is not validated through this surveillance system. The objective is to determine the epidemiology of TB and to understand the accurate status of TB patients treated in private institutions. Methods: Medical records of 53,579 patients who had been diagnosed with TB in 2008 were analyzed. Results: Among 53,579 patients, the number of sputum smear positive cases was 15,639(29.2%) and the number of new cases was 39,191 (73.1%). The drug resistance rate of new cases was 5.3%, while the rate stood at 13.3% for TB patients with treatment history. The number of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients was 2,472 (4.6%), which consists of 2.9% of new cases and 9.3% of TB patients with prior treatment history. The number of extensively drug-resistant TB patients was 749 (1.4%), consisting of 1.1% of new cases and 2.2% of TB patients with prior treatment history. In terms of treatment outcomes, 66.4% of all TB patients, 70.5% of new cases, 64.4% of relapse cases, and 46.8% of MDR-TB cases were cured or completed. It was inferred that in 2008, the total number of TB patients reached 70,767, 145.6 per 100,000 people (95% confidence interval, 145.5~145.7). Conclusion: We conclude that the medical records review of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) data can be very effective in promoting the understanding of the current status of TB in private institutions.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.148-153
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• 2022

In keeping with the fourth industrial revolution, IoT-based environments are being implemented everywhere, and as a result, there is an increasing number of cases in which various types of sensed data are utilized efficiently. In particular, the number of multimedia application cases using smart devices is increasing, and there is an increasing number of cases in which large amounts of data are used as fast and convenient as small amounts of data. Given the increasing size of files used in smart devices, the study designed a modified Htree based on journaling meta data management in Ext4-based smart devices and analyzed performance through experiments of various methods. Performance evaluation analysis using IOZone and Hdread shows that the data size of 100Mbyte compared to the data input / output of existing htree is 10% or more, and that of the super large capacity file of 500Mbyte or more is 5% or more.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2557-2561
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• 2012

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females in Turkey. The main problems experienced by women with breast cancer are physical losses, emotional distress and degradation in family, work and social roles. The purpose of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to investigate the socio-demographical characteristics and depressive symptoms of 125 newly diagnosed cases with breast cancer reported to cancer control department of Hatay provincial health directorate in 2011. To evaluate the depressive symptoms the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. All 125 cases who participated in the study were female. The mean age was $49.2{\pm}11.9$. The mean BDI score of the cases was $17.5{\pm}10.6$. The number of cases whose BDI scores were 17 and above was 65 (52.0%), and the number of cases whose BDI scores were under 17 was 60 (48.0%). The most striking finding in our study was that only 4 of the cases were receiving psychological help and support. The rate of depression was found high in our study and psychological support is a must for patients with a life threatening disease such as cancer.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.88-108
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• 2001

Separation of prescribing and dispensing practice in Korea has changed the service pattern of the pharmacy. The prescription dispensing activities, however, are concentrated excessively on the pharmacies near hospitals or clinics. Thus this study was conducted to estimate the number of optimal dispensing cases for the community pharmacy. Forty-six pharmacies were selected using systematic stratified random sampling method, and ninety-five pharmacists were interviewed on their workload of dispensing and other activities at pharmacies. One hundred and seventy prescriptions were chosen based on the length of drug administration and drug dosage form, and the dispensing time was measured by time-watch method. Also pharmacy benefit claims data were analyzed to identify the characteristics of the pharmacies which performed more than optimal dispensing cases. According to the study results, the average work time per pharmacist per day was found to be 10hours 32minutes and the dispensing activities occupied 7hours 36minutes. It took 5.72minutes on average for each dispensing case. The optimal dispensing case was estimated as 75 cases under the condition of 10hours 32minutes work time and 6% allowance rate. Even though the pharmacies near hospitals or clinics participated dispensing services actively, only pharmacies near clinics dealt with more than optimal dispensing cases. For the pharmacies near hospitals they dealt with less than optimal cases, but drug administration period per prescription was almost 3 times longer than that of pharmacies near clinics. Thus the intensity of dispensing activities such as drug administration period is to be considered to estimate optimal dispensing cases more accurately.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 2017

Background: Varicella is the most common infectious disease reported despite the high vaccination rate. Interventions that target humans are particularly effective for varicella because humans are its only natural host. On the other hand, the existing national varicella surveillance systems lack the information to identify an outbreak. Therefore, a new index to assess varicella outbreaks was developed. Methods: The residential addresses of 2,718 varicella cases reported in Daegu in 2016 were converted to geographic coordinates and the distances between new varicella case and previous cases within 21 days were calculated from the date analyzed. Two cases were considered to be adjacent if the distance between them was less than 1 km. Finally, a proximity index was introduced by dividing the number of adjacent cases by the number of new cases on the date analyzed. Results: First, time-series charts and scatter plots were used to verify that the proximity index reflected the spatial closeness of the different varicella cases. The proximity index is helpful in identifying outbreaks from a list of single varicella cases. In addition, in this study, a new epidemic characteristic of varicella based on the proximity index was shown. Conclusion: The proximity index introduced in this study can be used to determine the likelihood of an outbreak from a single case of varicella, and it can be embedded in a web-based national varicella surveillance system that is currently in operation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2021

Background: Humidifier disinfectant is a biocidal product used in the water tanks of humidifiers to prevent the growth of microorganisms. Although there are a huge number of cases of reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects across the entire Korean population, their numbers are distributed differently depending on the region. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the regional distribution of enrollment cases who reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects. Methods: This study used data on 6,240 subjects who experienced humidifier disinfectant-related health effects and who enrolled their cases which is conducted by the Korea Ministry of Environment. We examined the regional distribution of the enrolled cases based on sixteen administrative divisions and assessed the: 1) crude number; 2) proportional rate; and 3) age-standardized proportional rate of enrollment by region. Results: When we examined the crude number of enrollments by region, the highest number were in Gyeonggi-do Province (n=1,896), followed in order by Seoul (n=1,405), Incheon (n=436) Busan, Daegu, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, Jeollabuk-do Province, Gwangju, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, Gangwon-do Province, Jeollanam-do Province, Ulsan, and Jeju-do. When we examined proportional rate of the regional enrollment (cases per 100,000 population), Daejeon (n=16.2) was the region with the highest rate, followed in order by Gyeonggi-do Province (n=16.1), Incheon-do Province (n=15.9), Seoul, Daegu, Gwangju, Jeollabuk-do Province, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Busan, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, Gangwon-do Province, Gyeongsanbuk-do Province, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Ulsan, Jeju-do, and Jeollanam-do Province, which is inconsistent with the order in terms of crude numbers. However, when we examined the age-standardized proportional rate of regional enrollment (cases per 100,000 population), their ranked distribution is consistent with the crude rate. Conclusions: This study observed that the regional distribution of the enrolled cases who reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects is inconsistent with the regional distribution of the proportional rate of enrollment cases, which may be caused in part by the volume of the inherent population of each region.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.644-662
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• 1986

Seventy cases of open heart surgery were performed in the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje College, from Oct. 1985 to Oct. 1986. And the results were summarized as follows. 1. Among the 70 cases, there were 48 cases of congenital heart anomalies and 22 cases of acquired rheumatic valvular heart diseases. Age range of the congenital patients was 7 months to 31 years with the mean age of 10 years, and the acquired patients was 18 to 62 years with the mean age of 40 years. 2. The heart-lung machine used for cardiopulmonary bypass was Sarns 7000, 5-head roller pump, and the number and type of oxygenators were 5 of membrane type and 65 of bubble type. For all cases GIK [glucose-insulin-potassium] solution was used as cardioplegic solution for myocardial protection during operation. 3. Among the 48 congenital anomalies, there were 12 cases of ASD group, 29 of VSD group, 3 of ECD, 3 of TOF and one of PDA + MR, and to all of which the appropriate radical operations were applied. 4. Among the 22 acquired valvular diseases, there were 11 cases of mitral valve diseases [MS; 4, MSr; 3, MRs; 4], 3 cases of aortic valve diseases [AR:1, ARs;1, ASr;1], 4 cases of double valve diseases [MRs+TR; 3, MRs+ARs; 1] and 4 cases of triple valve diseases [MSr+ASr+TR; 3, MSr+Ar+TR; 1]. To all the diseased mitral and aortic valves, artificial valve replacement was applied except one [As], in which valve plication was applied. And to all the diseased tricuspid valve, DeVega annuloplasty was applied. 5. The number of replaced artificial valves were 29 in 25 patients [congenital; 3, acquire; 22]. In MVR, 6 of mechanical valves [St. Jude Medical valve; 6] and 15 of tissue valves [Carpentier-Edward valve; 11, lonescu-Shiley valve; 4] were used. In AVR, 6 of mechanical valves [St. Jude Medical valve; 6] and 2 of tissue valves [Carpentier-Edward valve; 2] were used. 6. Postoperative complications were occurred in 12 cases. Among them 11 cases were recovered with intensive cares, but one patient [VSD + Fistula of Valsalva sinus] was expired with low cardiac out put syndrome.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 1991

A Study on the distribution and types of the total 40 CT units, as of 1st October 1990, in Pusan area(29 for whole body CT units, 11 for brain CT units) were carried out during the period from January 1989 to December 1989 to find out the status of operation and utilization of whole body CT units. The results were as following ; 1. As of 1st October 1990 in Pusan area, a total of 40 CT units(29 for whole body CT units, 11 for brain CT units) were set up and operated. The number of cases of CT examination performed per day per unit were appeared to be less than 5 cases among 59.5% of CT units, and 2.7% of the total units has peformed more than 16 examinations. 2. The CT units under operation occupied 93.5% of the total and 2.6% of the total units was not properly been operated due to mechanical breakdown. This results is appeared to be better than other reports. 3. The average number of scanning per week for each CT were 35 cases and the average days under operation of the unit per week were 6.7 days. Consequently, the average days under operation of units was higher than that of the other reports, but the average number of scanning was lower. 4. The cases referred from other institutes to hospitals were 6.4% of total cases. 5. As a site of scanning, the brain appeared most frequently with 71.2% of the total cases and followed by spine 12.4%, abdomen 8.5%, and thorax 3.6%, respectively. 6. Positive rate by scanning was 70.8% of total cases, and it was 98.9% with thorax, abdomen 96.3%, spine 93.1%, and brain 38.4%, respectively. According to the results of this study, it is highly recommended that the regulations and the guidelines for setting-up of such high cost medical equipments as CT units be provided in order to ensure the cost-effectiveness of the system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3237-3241
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• 2013

Background: Under-ascertainment and over-ascertainment are common phenomena in surveillance and registry systems of health-related events. Capture-recapture is one of the methods which is applied to determine the sensitivity of surveillance or registry systems to recognize cancer cases. This study aimed to estimate the number of cancers using data available both in the Cancer Registry Center of Northwestern Iran and in the Population-based Cancer Registry Center of Iran. Material and Methods: The studied population consisted of all cancerous cases in the northwest of Iran from 2008 to 2010. All data were extracted from two resources and entered into Microsoft Excel software. After removing common and repeat cases the data were statistically analyzed using a capture-recapture studies' specific software "CARE 1.4". Estimations were calculated by Chapman and Petersen methods with the approximate confidence interval of 95%. Results: From 2008 to 2010, the number of all cancer cases was estimated to be 21,652 (CI 95%: 19,863-22,101). Sensitivity rate of all cancer cases was 83.9% and that of Population-based Cancer Registry Center of Iran was 52%. It was 93.1% considering both resources. Conclusion: Using two resources and the capture-recapture method rather than a single resource may be a more reliable method to estimate the number of cancer cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4811-4814
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• 2013

Background: To assess the significance of social factors as risk factors for carcinoma cervix and to determine the significance of blood group to prevalence of carcinoma cervix in a semi-urban population of Kolar, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: One hundred cases of carcinoma cervix were included in the study, along with 200 females of the same ages considered as controls. Case details were collected from the hospital record section regarding social factors and blood groups and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Results: Blood group B showed the highest number of cases (55 cases) followed by blood group O (29 cases) in carcinoma cervix which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Age of marriage between 11 to 20 years showed highest number of carcinoma cervix cases (77 cases) and this also was statistically significant (p<0.001). Patients with rural background were 75 (p=0.112, odds ratio: 1.54), parity of more than or equal to two constituted 96 cases (p=0.006, odds ratio: 4.07) and Hindu patients were 95 in number (p=0.220, odds ratio: 1.89). Conclusions: Blood group B and age of marriage between 11 and 20 years were significantly associated with carcinoma cervix in our population. Region of residence, parity and religion presented with a altered risk for carcinoma cervix.